DD267915A5 - MULTILAYER POROESE FUEL CONSTRUCTION, ESPECIALLY FOR THE SEPARATION OF LIQUID AND SOLID PHASES - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a multilayer porosity structure for the separation of liquid and solid phases and / or dispersion of liquids or gases, in particular for the treatment of effluents and sewage sludge. The structure of the structure contains at least one base layer and at least one active filter layer, and the latter consists of chemically inactive inorganic particles and binders. The openings of the active layer are smaller than those of the base layer. At least on the surface of the coats forming the active layer, there is provided a binder having hydrophobic properties, consisting of silicone resin and / or bisphenol A-based epoxy resin. The regeneration of the construction can be done by simply rinsing off its surface.

Description

MULTILAYER POROUS FEEDBACK STRUCTURE, ESPECIALLY FOR SEPARATING LIQUID AND SOLID PHASES

i et der E rf iiidung:

The invention relates to a multilayer, porous filter and / or dispersion microstructure whose at least one layer is formed by glued solid granules. The individual porous layers are also united by Varkleben. The porous filter and / or dispersion microstructure according to the invention is equally suitable for the separation of solid and liquid phases and for the dispersion of gases in liquids or liquids in other liquids or gases. The structure of the structure according to the invention can advantageously be used in the field of wastewater treatment or, in general, water treatment.

Chnr ateristics of the known state of the Tcchik:

In the course of water purification, among other things, filtration operations are carried out; There is a biological degradation of organic substances; In some cases, expulsion of the aggressive gases from the liquids or a supply of gases into the same, further dewatering (dehydration) of sewage sludge. With the aid of the filtration construction according to the invention, these tasks can be accomplished: in some cases, liquid containing solid phase is passed onto the filtration structure, which filters out the solid phase; in the other part of the cases - in the course of Jer dispersing in the form of fine bubbles - gas is supplied through the structure of the structure to the liquid mass.

To solve the filtration and (sludge) dewatering tasks different methods are known:

ZeB. sand filtration; filtration through rigid filter plates; Filtration made by glued gravel filters, textile or metal sieves, as well as on-machine filtration (centrifugal and vacuum filtration, sludge pressing, etc.). The classic method of sludge dewatering is dehydration.

The efficiency of the known machine filtration and dehydration methods is favorable, but their filter technology replaceability but relatively narrow, their use in drainage technologies is limited by their specific high investment and operating costs.

For this reason, in sewage

mainly based on the use of natural substances based filtration technologies, of which sand filtration is the most widespread.

The material grain size decreases in the sand filters

in the direction of the liquid flow to. From the effluent through the sand filter 3 wastewater, the solid phase is incorporated into the sand layer, the liquid phase flows through the same. It follows that the filter layer clogged and can only be made operational again in such a way that one removes the filtered solid phase by a countercurrent rinse or degrades the clogged layers and replaced by new ones.

US Pat. Nos. 4,452,698 and 4,381,998 disclose rigid filter constructions made of multilayer filter plates. This made of granular material by gluing filter structures consist of a Tragschtht and a filter layer. Of course, the support layer itself is also permeable to liquids, but its pores are larger than the pores of the filter plates. * The granules consist of inorganic substances, eg AIpO ₃ , corundum, silicon carbide, boron carbite and similar granules are used to make the filters. These filters have a comparatively costly, congested construction.

U.S. Patent No. 4,382,863 relates

refers to one of the similar construction described above, but contains three layers and is also expensive to manufacture.

According to the description of the Num

No. 216/83 in order to reduce the groundwater pressure, e.g. used for drainage of basements a homogenous microstructure (single-layer) glued gravel filter.

Drying out the sludge is one of the most problematic phases of wastewater treatment. The sludge drying plants have a large area requirement and their mode of operation is largely dependent on the climatic conditions, sodas3 the drainage of the sludge takes a long time and requires the extraction of the dry sludge - we-

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the need for adequate protection of the drainage system - manual work. The further use of the manually extracted sludge is prevented by its gravel content · 5

In the course of the (waste) water treatment, gas-liquid systems appear on the one hand in the removal of the gases in the liquid with the aid of other gases introduced into the liquid, on the other hand in the biological purification in the course of the use of gases the former case of application is the expulsion of the aggressive COp gas by air bubbles, in the latter case the dispersion of air or oxygen into the liquid mass to secure the living conditions of the microorganisms in the liquid phase. Of the technologies used to solve these problems, the deep air injection made with dunes can be considered to be the most effective, but the fact that there is a problem with the fact that uniform gas supply can not be guaranteed. A further difficulty is the fact that a discontinuous gas supply is usually required and during operation, the solid phase in the liquid can cause clogging of the nozzles. Object of the invention:

The object of the invention is to provide a filter

and / or to provide dispersing construction that performs the filtration with maximum efficiency, requires only minimal cost and energy expenditure, is insensitive to clogging, and is stable in operation

capable of delivering the gas evenly distributed into the liquid

DarIG (JiIHIj the essence of invention: The invention is based on the recognition

nis, that if the filter granules are combined with a hydrophobic Kelbemittel to a filter layer, receives on the surface of the filter construction, the grains located there adhesive skin in the course of Filtriervorganges with the electrical charge of the material to be filtered in the same sign having the same electrical charge , whereby it sweeps the located in the material to be filtered solid, material particles. In this way, an effective force field can be formed in the area of the surface of the filter granules layer containing the hydrophobic coating on the surface, which prevents the granules on the surface of the filter construction from adhering to the granules to be filtered. Instead of these grains above the filter construction "develops a natural filter cake, which is related to the filter structure in any direct contact Consequently, the R _e requires only a Oberflächenabspülung inigung the filter, because the solids contamination does not enter the inside of the filter and clog its pores may , The invention is further based on the recognition that the synthetic resin coating on the surface also prevents solids and / or microorganisms following the biological treatment or the ventilation used to expel the harmful gases following the surface in contact with the liquid settle and - the nozzle-like func-

.6-

- pores clog. In this way, a more effective biological cleaning or gas injection is possible.

Because of these findings, the

solved task within the meaning of the invention with the aid of a multi-layered porous microstructure structure comprising at least one support layer and at least one opening having smaller openings than the support layer (having smaller pore sizes) active layer and at least the active layer of chemically inactive inorganic granular materials - expediently silicate-based - for example, basalt, zeolite, AlpOg grains and binder (s), the essential feature of the filter construction being that at least on the surface of the active layer-forming granules have a hydrophobic properties-containing binder Silicone resin and / or epoxy resin based on bisphenol A is provided.

Accordingly, the invention is a multilayer porous structural structure for the separation of solid-liquid systems or for the dispersion of gas-liquid systems, in particular for the treatment and purification of wastewater or sludge consisting of at least one generally upper thinner active layer and one iüi generally lower heavier support layer, each being porous, but the pores of the active layer are smaller than those of the support layer, and at least their active layer is of a chemically inactive inorganic material, conveniently granules of materials

Silicate industry, preferably oasalt, zeolite, Al ₂ O ₃ and similar substances, and consists of binder (s) and is characterized in that at least on the surface of the filter layer forming the active layer is provided a strongly hydrophobic properties on "pointing binder, the made of silicone resin or / and epoxy resin based on bisphenol-A.

It is therefore considered by a "generally"

Obertn and a "generally" lower layer spoken because the filter construction can not only be installed in a horizontal position (for example, for gravity filtration), but also arranged in a vertical position.

The silicone resins are suitably selected from resin types of siloxane units having the functionality 1 .A and / or products of branched structure prepared by the condensation of monomers of the functionality 1 ... 3, so that advantageously phenyl-methyl-polysziloxane and / or Phenyl- methyl-polysiloxane-polyether, and / or phenyl-methyl-vinyl-siloxane (polymerized with H ₃ O ₂ ).

As the epoxy resin, it is convenient to use e.g. a bisphenol A-based resin prepared from 4,4'-dihydroxy-diphenylpropane and epichlorohydrin whose molecular weight is between 380-38,000, its epoxy equivalent between 175-4,000, its ester equivalent, between 80-200, a 4-17 OH "Functional group, its molecular viscosity 5-150 P

(in. 20 ⁰ C), and its specific gravity is between 1.14 to 1.2. The formula is:

CH ₉ -CH-CH ₅ - (-O-RO-CH ₅ -CH-CH ₉ -ORLO-CH ₀ -CH-CH ₅

\ ^{2/2 2} I ^{2 n 2} \ / ²

0 OH 0

The filter construction is expediently designed such that the active layer has a thickness of 5-15 mm, the support layer a thickness of 50-150 mm.

While the arrangement of relatively small pores on the liquid contacting surface of the porous filtering and / or dispersing construction to build up a more effective force field appears expedient, it is useful to reduce the filter resistance in the opposite direction and thus on the one with the Liquid coming into contact surface opposite side to provide larger pores, with even a - suitably perforated - steel plate or other metal construction may take plastic construction such as oi ^r aluminum or plastic mesh the role of the wearer.

At the same time, the hidrophobic and the electric force field producing resin also sticks together the filter granules and thus ensures a constant pore size.

According to a further feature of the invention, the grains forming the active layer (layers) have the dimension

of 0.2-1 mm, the pores of the layer (layers) have the dimensions of 0.1-1 mm ·

Advantageously i3t still, if - like

has already been pointed out above - the support layer of the porous filter and / or Oispergierkonstruktion invention by perforated steel plates or by other perforated structures made of metal or plastic, e.g.

Aluminum or plastic mesh or other consisting of inorganic granules and binders layers is formed, wherein the size of the granules 1-5 mm, the pore size 0.8-1.2 mm, advantageously about 1 mm. In general, the thickness of the active layer (s) is 5-15 mm, the thickness of the support layer (s) 50-150 mm.

The porous construction may also be constructed of several than two layers, e.g.

such that the two upper layers consist of inorganic granules and binder, whereas the lower ones consist of a perforated steel plate or other perforated plate made of metal or plastic, e.g. an aluminum or plastic grille. However, the filter construction can also be designed so that the support layer is protected by a mechanical attachment, e.g. Probation is reinforced.

Another embodiment of the invention

According to the porous structure according to the invention, it is composed of three layers, of which at least one outer active layer and an intermediate layer of inorganic material grains.

2 <$ 79f

-loche and binder consists ·

Both the active surface and the surface of the support layer may have an off-plan geometry, e.g. have a tube, cone, hemisphere, etc. shape.

In a filtration carried out with the filter construction according to the invention, a stronger solid phase (for example sludge) is formed in its flow on the surface of the active layer - which functions as a filter surface - but does not adhere to it. It is for this reason that the sludge can be mechanically removed and the filter regenerated by rinsing its surface.

However, the multilayer porous structure according to the invention is not only suitable for filtering, but also for dispersing gases in liquids. In this case, the desired gas will be supplied from the carrier layer and the former filter surface will function as an active dispersant (nebulizer). It is expedient in this case in particular to give this surface a geometry deviating from the plane. Incidentally, by the fine pores of the active surface, a fine distribution of the injected gas can be secured and, moreover, the hiphrophobic property on the liquid-side surface is prevented from being prevented by the binder, e.g. in case of discontinuous operation, the microorganisms e.g. Fito and monoplankton organisms (e.g., algae) colonize and clog the pores. To this

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Way, the design is permanently operational · A usefuncture example:

The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples:

example 1 For filtration of municipal sewage

2 mud is calculated on an area of 1 m, the filter construction according to the invention is produced as follows:

active filter layer

- Material (aluminum oxide AIpO ₃ )

- structure:

Large (FEPA standard) Quantity (Kg)

22 10.4 ·

36 0.60

70 0.60

- Binder: Epoxy resin adhesive

(TIPOX IHS) 1.22 Kg

- Layer thickness: 5 mm

Permeability coefficient of the active filter plate K 3 2,1.10 " ³ cm / s, void content η 2 32% base layer - Material: pearl gravel

- Grain size: 3-7 mm

- Binder: Epoxy resin adhesive (TIPOX IHS)

2.25 kg

- Strength; 45 mm - mass: 90,0 Kg

The starting dry content of the municipal sewage sludge was 2.0 % (its moisture content was accordingly 98.0%). As a conditioner was ein.a

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4% solution of the drug "Zetag 57" used. The dry content of the dewatered sludge was 38%. There was obtained a pure Schwebstoffreies filtrate. FEPA is an international standard for grain sizes that complies with the Hungarian standard MSZ 6506-84.

One component of the epoxy resin adhesive "TIPOX IHS" is a bisphenol-alpha-diglycidyl ether-epoxy resin modified with a reactive diluent, the other component is an aliphatic polyamine mixture (manufacturer: "Tiszamenti Vegyimüvek" Tiszaszederkeny, Hungary)

 The preparation "Zetag 57" is a Polyakrylamidbasis polyelectrolyte, a product of "Alleid Colloid GmbH, Hamburg, Germany.

Example 2 Sewage sludge from a r leather factory wur

de with the inventive Filterkonstruktio.n filt-

which was put together for an area of 1 m as follows:

active filter layer

- Material: silicon carbide (SIC)

- grain structure

Large (FEPA standard) Quantity (Kg)

22 Silicone resin adhesive J.O (VP .40 36 1.35 kg 0 60 70 0 60 - Bindem tel: 2261) - Strength: 5 mm

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The active filter plate was heat treated for 3 hours at a temperature of 150 ⁰ C. The permeability coefficient and the hollow volume were the same as in Example 1; - Base layer:

same as described in Example 1

The initial dry content of the sewage sludge of the leather factory was 1.5 % (the moisture content was 98.5 %). As a conditioner, a 4% solution of the preparation "Zetag 57" was also used in this case. The chromium content of the waste water was 100 mg / liter. As a result of the filtration, a dehydrated sludge having a dry content of 30 % and a levitated filtrate having a chromium content of 0.05 mg / liter were obtained.

The silicone resin adhesive "VP 2261" is the product of the company "Wacker Chemie" Munich, Germany. 20

Example 3 ,

Oil-containing sewage sludge was filtered with the filter construction described in Example 1.

The initial dry content of the sludge was 2%,

its moisture content was 98%, the conditioner used was a 4% solution of the preparation "Zetag 57". As a result of the filtration, a dewatered sludge having a dry content of 33 % and filtrate water capable of being supplied to the general sewage network was obtained.

In the case of all three examples, the

generating the surface of the active layer of the filter plate only a rinsing of the surface erioderlich

The filter resistance in the individual

Layers did not change even after a longer period of operation, a flushing (backwashing) was not required.

Example 4 IO

From the above described

Filter constructions were dispersed in water using the construction set forth in Example 2.

Bai a construction with a surface of 1 m

the air delivery was 20 m / h, the oxygen amount 100 g / O ₂ / h; the energy consumption gross 0.6 kW / 1000 g O ₂ ; the average bubble size d = 2.5 mm.

The biggest advantage of the invention exists

in that for the regeneration of the construction no flushing, only a temporary rinsing of its surface is required, the energy and time required and the cost of living work is insignificant. The construction of the construction is simple, its usability extraordinarily versatile.

Of course, the invention is by no means limited. to the examples detailed above, but may be within the scope of the claims. Scope of protection realized in many ways.

Claims (9)

2 "7915 1. Multilayer porous microstructure for the separation of liquid and solid phases and / or dispersion of liquids or gases, in particular » for treating wastewaters and sewage sludges containing at least one base layer and at least one opening having smaller dimensions than the active layer comprising (smaller pore sizes) the backing layer and at least the active layer of chemically inactive inorganic corrosive materials - suitably silicate based - e.g. basalt, zeolite, A.lpOg granules and binders), characterized in that provided at least on the surface of the active layer forming granules a hydrophilic properties exhibiting binder of silicone resin and / or of bisphenol A-based epoxy resin is. 2. microstructure according to claim 1, characterized in that the binders of S.lloxaneinheiten of functionality 1 ... 4 constructed resin types and / or produced by the condensation of monomers of functionality 1 ... 3, having a branched structure, Conveniently, fenil-methyl-polysilosan and / or phenyl-methyl-polysiloxane polyethers and / or phenyl-methyl-vinyl-siloxane resin types expediently polymerized with H ₂ O ₂ . 3. microstructure according to claim I _1, characterized in that - 16 - the hydrophobic-type binder is epoxy resin which is a bisphenol-A-based synthetic resin made from 4,4'-dihydroxy-diphenylpropene and epichlorohydrin, whose molecular weight is 380-3800, epoxy equivalent 175-4000, ester equivalent 80-200 ; 4-17 has a OH-function group, its viscosity molecular 5-150 P (at 20 ⁰ C) ₁ - is 1.14 to 1.2 and its specific gravity. 4. Microstructure according to one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the active layer / layers forming granules have a particle size of 0.2-1 mm, the pores of the layer / layers have a size of 1.0-1 mm. 5. Structure construction according to one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the support layer is formed by perforated steel plate (s) or a layer consisting of inorganic granules and binder, in which the Grosse.der granules between 1-5 mm, the Pore size is between 0.8 and 1.2 mm, advantageously 1 mm. 6. Microstructure according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized gekennzeic h n e t that the thickness of the active layer / layers 5-15 mm, the support layer / support layers, however, is 50-150 mm. 7. Microstructure according to one of the claims 1-6, characterized - 17 - net, that it contains one mechanical structure of the support layer increasing construction, advantageously concrete reinforcements. Structure construction according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that it is made up of three layers, of which at least one outer active layer and an intermediate layer of inorganic material granules and binder. 9. microstructure according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the surface of the active layer and / or the support layer has a deviating from the plane, expediently tubular, conical, hemispherical or Kerzenforn.