DD258044A1 - THERMODYNAMIC MACHINE COMBINATION WITH AUTOMATIC STARTING CLUTCH - Google Patents

Abstract

The application of the thermodynamic machine combination extends to the field of the entire drive technology in vehicle construction; including the automatic booster clutch. Goals of my suggestions are: 1. Reduction of fuel consumption, 2. Protection of raw materials (energy carriers), 3. Reduction of pollution, 4. Reduction of the noise level, 5. Extending the operating hours. The aim of the automatic jump-starting clutch is to reduce the starting power by starting the combination in stages. The essence of the idea consists in the in-process transformation of heat into technically usable work by implementing the 2nd law of thermodynamics by especially the excess factors: - time, - surface with associated volume, - detailed design. Areas of application are: shipbuilding, rail vehicles, road vehicles, aviation , Construction and other working machines, stationary drive units, agricultural machinery.

Description

Field of application of the invention

The application covers the drive technology in the entire vehicle construction for: - Reciprocating engine with and without charges (2- or 4-stroke diesel or Otto engines)

- Rotary piston engines with and without supercharging and speed limitation

- Turbines in: - Shipbuilding

- Rail vehicle construction

- Road vehicle construction

- Flying

- Agricultural machinery

- Construction and other work machines

Characteristic of known technical solutions

In my research no representations were found, which dealt with this extended constructive implementation of basic physical processes.

Object of the invention

The objectives are geared to the positive change in social expenditures in the field of thermodynamic machines and their peripherals (fuel production, maintenance intervals, environment):

- Reduction of specific fuel consumption

- Reduction in total fuel production through dominant production and use of diesel fuel

- Conservation of fossil fuels

- Reduction of exhaust emissions by type and intensity

- Reduction of the noise level

- Extension of the continuous service life

- Improvement of the torque curve by using the unit combinations

The essence of the invention

It consists in the extended constructive implementation of the particular 2nd law of thermodynamics and the efficiency of Carnot.

There is further the fact that this drive combination is thermally exploited more than known solutions as far as possible and in the use of excess entropies in that also the dynamic behavior of the control device drive combination is effective by the following factors:

- the time

- the area and its volume (storage capacity)

- Inclusion of regulatory aspects

- constructive detail design

- Machine aggregate combinations of the following units to a drive system:

• Reciprocating engine with

• vibration charging and with

• exhaust charging with

• intercooling and (enthalpy increase)

• Fuel pre approximately ^1/3 of Motorzündtemperatur

Description of the entire solution

The better utilization of the enthalpy, the excess entropies and the Entropiestromdichteänderungen be achieved in detail by constructive detail developments compared to previous series solutions and by the combined, complex use of all Teilanlägen to a thermodynamic machine combination as follows:

Subsystem engine; Increase of excess entropies

The engine is designed as a long-stroke engine. This means that the piston stroke is to be extended by approx. 15%. As a result, a performance increase is achieved by the better expansion capability of the fuel mixture. Furthermore, this (extended stroke = greater time reserve), the storage capacity of the cylinder walls is improved and the fuel mixture takes each a larger amount of heat before the compression is carried out by the light piston. This light piston is used by the following detailed design of the forced turbulence: Center in the piston is a vertical bore, which meets a horizontal bore in the piston top. The outlet openings of this bore meet with holes in the cylinder wall. These cylinder wall bores form the inlet into local, overflow channels which again open obliquely into the upper displacement of the cylinder. This results in a multiple forced turbulence, which in its form represents an elliptical mixture rotation. Based on the Lyapunov function, energy components are delivered (albeit small) and extremely uniform combustion guaranteed by the same concentration of particles produced throughout the engine.

The injectors must point in the same direction and have the same angle as the o.g. inclined inlet openings of the transfer channels.

Improvement of dynamic behavior

The improvement of the dynamic behavior is by its very nature also an increase in the exaltation of the tax system and is achieved by:

• multiple forced turbulence

• improved atomization by means of two injectors per cylinder

• suction via 2 parallel inlet valves as well

• Pre-compressing the intake air

• Exhaust emission via only 1 exhaust valve the size of an intake valve.

By the action detail design, the regulatory Pl-behavior is improved to the effect that the engine by increasing the P-portion a stronger jump-type displacement filling and thus heating during suction is possible. This process design during exhaust emissions is improved control technology by NichtSteigerung of the Pl behavior by only one exhaust valve, whereby the hot exhaust gas has more time to give up its heat to the cylinder walls and thus increases their storage capacity.

enthalpy

The exhaust gases of the engine have the highest temperature of reciprocating engines in 4-stroke diesel and are therefore best suited for the exhaust gas charging and use.

Due to their high temperature, turbine exhaust gases must be used several times as follows:

- Cooling the charge air of the exhaust gas turbocharger

- Preheating of the fuel by means of a heat exchanger which is arranged in the flow of material after the fuel filter and in front of the injection pump.

- Preheating the intake air of the reciprocating engine in the temperature range from ^{0 0} C to about 100 ⁰ C; The operating temperature of about 100 to 110 ⁰ C is ensured by possible ceramic pistons and especially by air cooling of the engine and the engine oil.

- Cabin heating (passenger compartment).

All exhaust gases mostly used reach the passenger compartment heating via the heat exchanger and only then into the exhaust.

Subsystem exhaust charging; Exzeßstromdichteänderung

The change in current density is achieved by increasing the temperature difference and thereby in particular by the most extensive cooling of the Turboansaugluft.

As a type of turbine, I would use an axial turbine, which is conical in shape and long, so that as much time as possible for heat absorption and space for the expansion capability is available.

embodiment

Number of cylinders: 12

Design: V 6

Engine type: 4-stroke

Operating principle: Diesel

Combinations: with the units:

- Vibration charging or Ansaugluftkomprimierung

- exhaust charging

- Intercooling

- fuel preheating

- Motor Ansauglufjvorwärmung up to about 80 ° C (for faster achievement of an operating temperature) Cooling: Air cooling of the engine

Air cooling of engine oil

Oscillating They are as small as possible

Masses: The vibration compensations take over the firing order and a large flywheel

Control: Steering wheels, helical teeth and semi-circular tooth shape

- Camshaft: a central camshaft that actuates all rocker arms via hydraulic tappets

Valves: suspended, with 2 intake and 1 exhaust valves per cylinder, hydraulic valve clearance compensation

Speed: Forced maximum speed limit after cold start speed control

Heating of the entire rising heat of all units is used for passenger compartment heating.

Passenger compartment: Automatic jump-starting clutch:

The main sections reciprocating engine and turbocharger with gearbox are started separately.

This makes it possible to manage with smaller starter lines and starting accumulators while improving the starting behavior

 The jump-starting clutch gives only slowly adhesion, if the conjunction module by the following signals

- Exhaust gas turbine speed and

- exhaust gas turbine minimum temperature

has turned on. As a result, the electrical signal X ₃ L is applied to the output of the conjunctive block. It controls the activation of a hydraulic oil pump. The resulting negative pressure - effective via a lever - realizes the slow adhesion process.

Without negative pressure, both main subsystems are separated at η = 0. Thus, the hydraulic oil pump does not work properly, the adhesion position of the lever are locked by a spring system in the operating state of the machine combination.

The motor OFF command (accelerator reverse position with contact mechanically connected) causes the pump to run in reverse, releasing the mechanical lock via a separate oil pressure channel and disconnecting both units.

A pressure dependent flow control valve controls the oil pressure flow in the detention solution channel.

Note on exhaust gas turbine minimum temperature:

Based on my described structure of thermodynamic processes, the turbine used here is operational in two modes:

State explanation

• a relative thermodynamics = with fuel; only at

starting procedure

b absolute thermodynamics = without fuel;

in driving condition.

That is, this turbine also has one or three spark plugs and a fuel injection pump. This is switched on with the operating status starter ON. At a turbine speed of about 10,000 rpm, the exhaust-gas turbine minimum temperature is certainly reached.

Thus, X _a L is realized and turns on the hydraulic oil pump. Thus, the reciprocating engine is slowly switched to the universal turbine and the engine air is preheated by the hot exhaust gases of the universal turbine.

At a speed ratio

Motor to unit turbine like 1 to 5

the engine is slowly started up to theoretically 2000 rpm. Since power losses are to be expected here, an assumed engine start speed η = 1200 rpm is expected.

The above-mentioned signal X ₃ L also has the function of switching off the electric starter of the unit turbine when the signal unit temperature minimum value is exclusively signaled. Via a second conjunctive block the signals become

- Motor temperature minimum value (about 40-45 ⁰ C) and

- Engine speed (n = 1200 rpm)

switched off and it will be switched off by the universal turbine, the spark plugs and the fuel injection pump. This changes the mode from state a to state b.

Claims (2)

Thermodynamic machine combination with jump-starting clutch, characterized in that: - The Kolbenhubweg is to extend to about 15 to 35% of previous products - the multiple forced turbulence through channels, holes and nozzles which produces mixture rotation (according to Lyapumov) - The dynamic behavior from a control point of view 2 intake valves and 1 exhaust valve as well as from the Gasvorkomprimierung results - The units mentioned form the entirety of the machine combination - The heat output of the system is regulated and used several times - The axial turbine is long and slightly conical in shape - The jump starting clutch is controlled electro-hydraulically as a function of speed and minimum temperature - The exhaust gas turbine is a unit turbine and works in two modes consecutively fully automatic, after it was driven by a 24 volt three-phase starter.