DD257191A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR HEATING DOUBLE-WALLED WAREHOUSE HEATERS AND AIR-CONDITIONING THE RELATED PRODUCTION SPACE - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention includes the heating of double-walled greenhouses and the air conditioning of their production room by means of secondary energy low temperature of any energy carriers. The aim of the invention is the provision of process-side and technical solutions for year-round production use of double-walled greenhouses. The invention uses in a modified way the air-bound transport of water vapor and thus possible design of mass and energy flows between energy and Stoffuebertragungsapparaten and cold, with the environment arbitrarily connected Gebaeudehuellflaechen and air spaces and extends the field of application of the double-walled greenhouses for year-round use and for air conditioning of the production room. Fig. 6

Description

For this 7 pages drawings

Field of application of the invention

The invention relates to a method and a device for heating double-walled greenhouses and air conditioning of the production space using heat from water or other heat transfer liquid or condensing type relatively low temperature potential. Methods and apparatus are applicable to the heating and air conditioning of greenhouses of the special design with double hull and represent an application of secondary energy use.

Characteristic of the known technical solutions

The double-walled greenhouses represent a special type and design of the heating of greenhouses by means of hot air, which must be generally available as Sekundäreriergieträger for heating. These greenhouses usually contain no other technical heating devices. The hot air is in the heating case their heat in the intermediate space of the double wall on the outer wall / outer shell to the environment from, at the same dehumidification of hot air and liquid water failure occurs in the intermediate space. In unfavorable climatic conditions, this water is frozen to frost in the interspace and provides a temporary additional heat insulation of the greenhouse. In the same way, heat is released through the inner wall / inner shell to the production room to compensate for the heating losses, including air exchange and other heat losses. -

The process and installation of the warm-air-heated double hull are used to extend the production period and to freeze the greenhouse during the cold period of the winter half-year using the secondary energy bound in air. The application is tied to hot air locations and is generally unsuitable for maintaining year-round production.

Conventional arrangements (DE 2821 959, A01 G 9/24) use water for energy supply, which contains thermal energy in some way, and which emits this energy by trickling or spraying in the space of the double-walled greenhouse. Particularly disadvantageous in this case affect the corresponding with the use of dirt stripe due to Wasserbestandteilausscheidung and the fact that the water is applied to the outer surface of the inner shell, from. The heat loss of the greenhouse to be compensated becomes effective via the outer shell, consequently a complicated transfer of heat in the intermediate space becomes necessary. The use of the relatively high energy density of the hot humid air by direct completion of phase transformation enthalpy on the inner surface of the outer shell has not been applied. (DD-WP 122772, A01 G9 / 24) and DD-WP 222477; Α0Ί G9 / 24) also use surface heat exchangers and the water vapor loading of the hot humid air as a transport principle for energy, but do not use the advantageous solution of a double-walled greenhouse with the partial heating solutions of the house and air conditioning of the production room. It can also be generally seen from the solutions become known that the secondary energy of the water necessarily in temperature ranges above 3O ⁰ C must be offered.

Object of the invention

The aim of the invention is to prepare the necessary for the operation of double-walled greenhouses warm air as warm air with extremely high enthalpy in places any secondary energy attack and thus expand the field of application of this special type with their specific energy behavior. At the same time air conditioning of the same for the climatic parameters of temperature, water vapor pressure and Lüftwechsel should be carried out in extension of the previous pure production room heating and a safe operation in the cold period of winter half year within the limits of permissible values of crop production.

Explanation of the essence of the invention

The invention sets itself the task, primarily the resulting in large quantities in various operating processes hot water, generally cooling water with temperatures at or below 3O ⁰ C, the use of the greenhouse heating and I

air conditioning and make the often characteristic for this water supply at the same time cycle with I

Maintain recooling. The invention uses in a modified way the known principles of hot air heating in j

double-walled greenhouses and water recirculation in water-air contact devices in the invention!

Solution that the Luftenthalpieerhöhung achieved with the water cooling in specifically adapted contact devices than i

Air treatment for the operation of double-walled greenhouses with warm air is used. According to the invention, the release of energy from said, referred to as secondary energy carrier energetically low potential hot water takes place at j

a, conditioned or largely separate from the free environment of the air circulation, which is forcibly maintained within the gap of the double wall and as a result of this air circulation heat over the two:

Boundaries / hulls is passed to the free environment or the production room. |

In the presence of secondary energy sources other than water, by interposing a heat exchanger, inside or outside the contact apparatus, hot water can be generated as a mediator of the heat transport process. 'j

The temperature of the air circuit (warm moist air circulation) is under the conditions of the invention on the _;

free environment in the limit raised to near the temperature of the secondary energy hot water and I

maintained. The use of the contact apparatus in a specifically adapted form for enthalpy increase of the air j

the solution according to the invention further characterized by the fact that the air in this energy and mass transfer with the temperature increase can experience an enthalpy increase due to saturation with water vapor, which goes far beyond the level of j available hot air and in the consequence in the transmission process for energy from the interspace Double wall I

to the environment or to the production space, the advantage according to the invention of the release of phase transformation enthalpy to a large extent produces, as it results due to condensation of water vapor on cold surfaces. This heat energy flow according to the invention allows greater energy densities of the hot air flow and is thus the prerequisite for maintaining the operation in the cold period of the winter half-year. The condensing on the cold outer shells water is dissipate, it may under unfavorable climatic conditions also temporarily,!

primarily at night, freezing as a hoarfrost. Since this frost layer can be formed very quickly, so is an additional j

targeted thermal insulation effect achievable. As a further advantage, the direct contact of air and hot water as J

Heating medium achievable high power elasticity are expressed, which express their expression in the intensification of I

Water cooling at constant air circulation rate finds. The method is in connection with the contact apparatus i

According to the invention further characterized in that it allows the design of a hot humid air part stream, the S

direct discharge into the production room can be used to replace an exhaust air flow and specifically the parameters of steam partial pressure or saturation deficit of the water vapor content and the air exchange of

To control Prödüktionsraumes. |

This sub-stream is fed with outside air and thus corresponds without restriction to the biological conditions of the j

Plant production, a fact that can not be assumed with the previous warm air heating of double-walled greenhouses with certainty. The following modifications according to the invention the heating of double-walled greenhouses and air conditioning of the production room with treated warm humidified air given:!. Closed closed humid air circulation in the constructive unchanged double-walled greenhouse, with dissipation of thawed amount of water, with targeted ventilation of the production room by suitable mechanical means

untreated outside air

 22 As 1., but with demand-oriented supply of a hot humid air partial flow and targeted introduction of the same in the

Production room, with controlled air exchange training

 33 Open humid air circuit open to the environment and to the production room for the demand-oriented provision of a hot humid air partial flow with defined and conditioned fresh air content and targeted introduction of the same into the

Production room, with targeted air exchange and exhaust air flow training

4 / ^: Warmfeuchtluftkreislauf after 1. to 3. in the structurally variable double-walled greenhouse of the form that temporally defined partial or complete recovery of the inner wall / inner shell for the purpose of improving the lighting conditions and / or other climatic conditions of the production room, thus introducing the treated hot humid air flow completely or partially done in the production room.

The device for heating double-walled greenhouses and for air-conditioning the production room as a hot-humidifying air treatment device consists of a housing which allows the air flow to be directed towards the water flow, possibly a heat exchanger for heating water from other sources of sparkling wine. In the housing, depending on the modification of the operation, a surface-intensive contact body for the direct contact water-air, an internally heated surface-intensive heat exchanger for the temperature increase of the air by means of water before entering the direct heat and mass transfer with water, or an internally heated surface-intensive contact body arranged to raise the temperature of the hot water by means of other secondary energy sources and water droplet. The housing has connections for the energy carrier throughput, including the necessary distribution facilities, nozzle systems and collection facilities for circulating hot water. Next are arranged on the housing: fan for forced air flow, water circulation pumps, water level regulator and dosing, outside air Umluftmischkammer, circulating air exhaust air separation chamber and in the double-walled greenhouse associated

Air distribution and closure flaps for duct closure both for the gap and for the production room, water drainage systems, possibly exhaust air flaps, ventilation flaps, air locks and ducts. A double-walled greenhouse shall contain one or more air conditioning apparatuses, then connected in stages, in or in the immediate vicinity thereof, then connected to air ducts, or immediately adjacent to the space along the front and / or longitudinal sides, or incorporating the space in the construction of the Air treatment apparatus are arranged.

embodiment

The invention will be explained below with reference to exemplary embodiments. The accompanying drawings show:

Fig. 1: Closed to the environment and the production room hot humid air circulation for heating the double-walled greenhouse with use of energetically low-potential secondary energy from water or other energy sources

Fig. 2: As Figure 1, but as a cross-sectional view showing Wasserstau- and drainage surfaces Fig. 3: As Figure 1, but indicating a Zusatzanordnuhg of facilities for the preparation of energetically low-potential secondary energy from the humid air conditioning apparatus necessary to be separated.

Energy carrier circuits Fig. 4: For the environment closed and open to the production room warm humid air circulation for heating double-walled greenhouses and for air conditioning of the production room with use energetically

low-potential secondary energy, for operation with support fans and in free convection of air Fig. 5: As Figure 4, but as a cross-sectional view of the arrangement in the double-walled greenhouse Fig. 6: Open to the environment and the production room hot humid air circulation for heating the double-walled greenhouse and air conditioning of the production room with defined prepared outside air quantities, for

Operation with support fans Fig. 7: Closed to the environment and open to the production room hot humid air circulation for heating double-walled greenhouses and air conditioning of the production room in the constructive variable

Greenhouse of the form that the inner shell is partially or completely retracted in time Fig. 8: As Figure 7 but as a cross-sectional view of the arrangement in the double-walled greenhouse Fig. 9: Closed to ambient warm moist air circulation in the form that the arrangement of the air treatment device directly at the space of the double wall with inclusion takes place in the construction, the circulating air both the gap and the production room completely

traverses, in a one-sided arrangement Fig 10: As Figure 9, but as a cross-sectional view of the arrangement, wherein the support fans of the

Hot - humid air conditioning units Part of the construction of the shell walls are »Fig. 11: Analogous to FIG. 9, but in the arrangement of the hot humid air treatment apparatus on both longitudinal sides of the wall

Greenhouse (two-sided arrangement) Fig. 12: Analogous to Fig. 9, however, showing the warm moist air flow direction in the opposite order

Production room gap, as a complete flow, in one-sided arrangement Fig. 13 open to the environment and the production room warm humid air circuit, in the arrangement analogous to Figure 9, in the air flow direction analogous to Figure 12, with the arrangement of an outside air supply and exhaust air dosing device 21,

with or without support fan 16, for the purpose of defined outside air preparation and mixing. FIG. 14: Closed loop warm moist air circuit in the two-sided arrangement according to FIG. 11 and the constructional variability according to FIG. 7, in alternative flow directions of air analogue FIGS.

In Figure 1, a closed hot humid air circulation for heating the double-walled greenhouse is shown. The arranged in or on the greenhouse warm moist air conditioner 10 is bound to a secondary energy carrier circuit 12, carrier medium water. The double-walled greenhouse has the outer shell 1.1 and the inner shell 1.2, which form the gap 3 in itself and envelop the production room 4 in total. The low-enthalpy air 18 sucked in from the intermediate space 3 via the support fan 11 is heated in the hot-humid air conditioner 10 and largely saturated with water vapor. This enthalpy warm moisturizing air stream 17 is introduced into the intermediate space 3, corresponding to the natural density ratios in the first or maximum geodetic area 13. The temperature of the outer shell 1.1 is in the heating case below the temperature of the air flow 17, in the Anheizfail this also applies to the temperature of the inner hü I Ie 1.2. The hot humid air gives off its enthalpy on the coldest surfaces, with water on the Austauzone the inner side 5 of the outer shell 1.1 and temporarily on the respect of 3 inside 7 of the inner shell 1.2 dies. With this energy supply, the heat balance of the double-walled greenhouse with the colder environment is realized in the heating case. In the production room 4, an operating air temperature is reached and maintained by a heat flow from the hot humid air of the intermediate space 3 via the inner shell 1.2 and the heat losses of the production space are compensated. Depending on the design of the double-walled greenhouse and the heat balance, one of the necessary energy supply corresponding air velocity in the space 3 is set. An influence of the production space 4 by the environment 2 is reliably avoided by the stable partial climate with energy supply in the space 3. In Figure 2, the sectional view is taken to Figure 1 in alternative constructions. It is the course of the Wasseraustauvorganges on the Austurlächen 5 and 7 and the water drain on the condensation water surface 8 and 7 and their direction and the condensation water discharge 9, which may be present in a multiple arrangement over the entire greenhouse shown. The intensity of Wasseraustauung and the burden of drainage surfaces and the dripping effect between the shells in the space 3 corresponds to the energy conversion of the double-walled greenhouse.

In Figure 3, the analog representation of Figure 1, but supplemented by the connection of the humidifier 10 and the secondary energy circuit 12, carrier medium water to any secondary energy source 31, mediated by a heat exchanger 32, for safe separation of the hot humid air treatment of improper impurity control and warranty of water as a carrier medium in the circulation 12. To dissipate in the evaporation of water in the

Warmfeuchtluftaufbereiter 10 resulting soluble water companion is a suitable discharge for circulating water 33 _;

to arrange over which an enriched with these water companions amount of water 34 can be dissipated. This amount of water 34 is offset by known technical level controller. _:

In Figure 4 is closed to the environment 2 and the production room 4 open hot humid air circulation for heating the j

double-walled greenhouse and for the air conditioning of the production room 4for operation with support fans 15 or!

shown in free convection of the air of a hot humid air partial stream 17.2. The system described under FIG. 1 becomes;

this is analogously effective, but beyond that takes place the free or forced ventilation of the production room 4 with '

leading enthalpiereicher and thus steam-rich hot air 17 as part of 17.2, by the same from the intermediate space 3 via usually controllable openings for air 14 in the production room 4 and their exit from this via such openings 14 with or without support fans 15 back into the gap 3. The geometric |

Arrangement of the openings 14 takes place in accordance with the natural density ratios of the air or arbitrarily by technological '.

or other demands. The partial flow of humid air 17.2 thus allows the influence of water humidity and i

Air exchange household of production room 4 to approximate plant-technological technological required humidities and fresh air rates of greenhouse air.

A condensation water loss from the partial flow 17.2 in the production room 4 can be excluded as long as it is possible to;

Dew point temperature in 4zu, which under the described heating conditions using the space 3:

can be realized. Otherwise, connections to the condensate discharge lines 9.1 are made. '

In FIG. 5, the section through the representation according to FIG. 4 is indicated. In an analogous function as in Figure 2, the formation of a space flow 26 of the hot humid air when passing through the production room in the forced circulation by means of the support fans 15 at the air outlet openings 14 after the intermediate space 3 is here in the open after the production room 4 warm moist air. In the outer shell, the dew is connected wasseranschlußein direction 9.1 zurTauwasserableitung9 of the gap 3. i

In Figure 6 is a to the environment 2 and the production room 4 open hot humid air circulation for heating the double-walled

Greenhouse and for air conditioning of the production room 4 shown. The system described under Figure 4 is thereby effective analogously, but beyond the mixing chamber 21, an outside air stream 19 is sucked and in the '

Warm moist air circulation introduced. This outside air flow 19 serves to reprocess the hot humid air flow 17, in particular the partial flow 17.2, defined with respect to the fresh air requirement of the production space 4. For exact dosage of '^; Partial flow 17.2 serves the separation chamber 28 and the support fan 16 and a support heater 30 in the supply air line 27th

of the production room 4. One of the outside air quantity 19 adequate exhaust air amount 20 is compensated via leaks and joints 29 and an exhaust air line 22 with the exhaust air flow controllers 23 exclusively via the production room 4. The from the!

Interspace 3 and the production space 4 back flowing low-enthalpy hot air flows 18.1 and 18.2 are fed via channels 27 of the mixing chamber The compensating exhaust air flow 20 thus serves for climate control of the production space 4, which is extremely well separated in double-walled greenhouses.

In Figure 7 is a closed to the environment 2 and the production room, 4 open hot humid air circulation for heating the double-walled greenhouse and for air conditioning of the production room 4 with structurally variable space design shown in the form that the inner shell 1.2 is defined in time partially or completely retracted. The system described under FIG. 4 is analogously effective, but the arrangement of devices for partial flow configuration 17. 2 is completely or partially omitted. These are replaced by the confiscation of the inner shell 1.2, which must be flexible for this purpose, by means of pulling device 24 in the generally priority Einziehrichtung 25. As a result, a free space flow 26 is formed in the greenhouse and the climate of the production room 4 is with the des Interspace 3 connected. This solution allows, above all, the improved use of radiant energy for the greenhouse. It is not shown a combination with the system described under Figure 6

 FIG. 8 shows the system according to FIG. 7 in a sectional view.

In Figure 9, a for Area 2 closed and production chamber 4 open Warm humid air circulation is shown, wherein the recirculated air from the space 3 fully generally controllable passage openings for air 14 different \

Arrangement the production room 4 durchläuft and the arrangement of the humid air conditioner 10 takes place on one side of the gap 3 of the double-walled greenhouse, while the construction of the outer shell is 1.1 in the construction of j

Warm moist air conditioner 10 used borrowed one. The arrangement 10 is made one-sided in the standing wall ^portion;

this standing wall preferably has a north, northwest or northeastern location. With the chosen j

Passage direction of the circulating air flow by means of the conveying direction of the support fan 11 is only enthalpiearme and thus low-steam warm air into the production room 4 passed, with the differentiated setting of!

Dürchtrittsöffnungen 14, the free space flow 26 is designed in the production room 4. This system otherwise operates analogously to the type described in FIG.

FIG. 10 shows a sectional view of the system described under FIG. 9.

FIG. 11 shows a system designed analogously to FIG. 9, in which the arrangement of the warm humidifiers 10;

on both sides of the double-walled greenhouse. With this arrangement, demands for intensification of the j '

Flow, as they arise especially for wide greenhouses, taken into account. , !

In FIG. 12, a system designed analogously to FIG. 9 is shown but in which the throughflow direction is reversed. In the solution of Figure 12, the enthalpiereiche and thus steam rich hot humid air from the support fan 11 as a hot humid air flow 17 to flow through the production room 4 by means of a forced only i

maintainable airflow 26. After flowing through the production room 4 enters the humidified air ^:

through the adjustable passage openings for air 14 in the space 3 and realizes the heating of the double-walled ·

Greenhouse according to the type described in Figure 1 before it is fed to the hot humid air 10 again as low-enthalpy hot air stream 18. This system is also embodied in the two-sided arrangement in the description of FIG. ' ]

In Figure 13 is a to the environment 2 and the production room 4 open hot humid air circulation, arranged in one side Dürchströmung the production room and the Warmfeuchtluftaufbereiters 10 according to the description in Figure 12, but beyond with the arrangement of a mixing chamber 21 through which an exhaust air stream 20, by means of a Support fan 16 a j

Outside air flow 19 with a Umluftstromanteil from 18 the humid air conditioner 10, along a standing wall of 'I

Greenhouse of the gap 3 is arranged in a multiple arrangement, is supplied for the purpose of regulation or targeted air renewal. This arrangement is also carried out in the flow direction described in FIG.

FIG. 14 shows the embodiment of a combination of the operating mode according to FIG. 4 in FIG. 7 and FIG. 9, alternatively FIG. 12. The warm moist air circulation is kept closed after the environment 2, the opening to the production room 4 is achieved by the arrangement of a retractable inner shell 1.2 by means of retractor 24. The production space is flowed through in this way by the entire circulating air flow 17. This system combines the advantages of using light with those resulting from the flow through the room.

Claims (9)

RMsmtansprüche: Ti. Method for heating double-walled greenhouses and air conditioning of the associated production room, characterized in that processed enthalpiereiche humidified hot air (17) is used, which is created by the cooling of predominantly energetically low potential hot water (12) characterized in that with simultaneous heating, the humidification of this air with steam to saturation by means of one of the free circulating air or largely separate air circuits forcibly via a contact apparatus for water-air with its technical supplemental equipment (10), including a particular Eihtrittsluftvorwärmers, is performed, and the heat energy release in the space of the double wall (3) from the. conditioned air (14) is obtained in tangible form by cooling it, and particularly in the form of phase transformation enthalpy by expelling water from water vapor, thus developing a heat energy source for greenhouses of the double-walled type called aerohydrothermal heating which is suitable for year-round heating for plant production In these greenhouses or their freeze-freeze for the cold periods of the winter half-year, as well as the clearing of the characteristic of this type binding to sites with exclusively bound to air secondary energy to ensure. 2 ?. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a partial stream of the treated enthalpiereichen humidified air (17.2) of the conditionally or largely separated from the air circulation circuit (17) separated from the passage through the gap 3 of the double wall and in free or forced controlled flow the inner production space ( 4) of the double-walled greenhouse for the purpose of air conditioning of the same passes and after passing through the production room (4) is taken up again in the air circulation for the purpose of reprocessing. 3.. A method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that a partial flow of the treated enthalpy warm moist air (17.2) by special geometric arrangement of Dürchtrittsöffnungen (14) and supporting fans (15) defined Raumdurchströmungen be designed that a targeted climatic education in the production room (4) and a advantageous arrangement ofWarmfeuchtluftaufbereitungseinrichtungen (10) for the hot humid air in the building envelope (1), in particular in the space (3) of the double wall itself, allow. 44. The method of claim 1,2 and 3, characterized in that mixed in the conditionally separated from the environment air circulation outside air (19) and exhaust air (20) are separated, as a result, the special climate parameters water vapor content and air renewal using resources the free atmosphere, using the energetically low potential energy (12), by means of the partial air flow (17.2) on the production room (4) can be realized. The method of claim 1, 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that the operation while simultaneously securing the Heizlastdeckung or Klimalastdeckung the double-walled greenhouse and the otherwise conditioned Rückkühllast of the secondary energy by appropriate choice of the outside air and exhaust air metering to the circulating air flow through the gap of the double wall (3) and the production room (4) by mixing and separating chambers (21), the required equilibrium setting takes place without an over the.Heiz- or Klimalastdeckung the double-walled greenhouse beyond air movement movement or load occurs. 65. Device for heating of double-walled greenhouses and air conditioning of the associated production room, characterized in that the treatment device for enthalpiereiche humidified hot air and their technical ancillary equipment on or within the building boundary walls (1) of the double-walled greenhouse or in the vicinity thereof, then connected to channels , and the inlet openings in the space of the double-walled greenhouse (3) in the ridge or geodetic maximum area (13), the return openings are arranged in the bottom area. 77.Einrichtung according to claim 6, characterized in that the treatment device for enthalpiereiche warm moist air (10) at the building boundary walls in the space of the double-walled greenhouse over the whole or a part of the longitudinal wall or gable wall or both longitudinal walls or gable walls or longitudinal and gable walls of the greenhouse arranged are and controllable Dürchtrittsöffnungen for air to achieve a targeted flow of space through the production space over the entire circumference of the lens cover are arranged so that they as entrance and exit openings or as entrance or To operate outlet openings and are designed and arranged individually or in groups in the passage cross-section. 8. Device according to claim 6 and 7, characterized in that arranged on the building boundary walls (1) of the greenhouse Warmfeuchtluftaufbereiter (10) with its construction part of the construction der.Gebäudegrenzwände (1). 9. Device according to claim 6 to 8, characterized in that the passages with direct or via connection channel (27) realized connections include a arranged support fan (11), the conveying direction is to be maintained according to the Raumströmungsart plant culture conditioned adjustable. 10. The device according to claim 6 to 9, characterized in that the hot humid air conditioner (10) for a forced mixing air operation adjustable control devices to building openings of the outer shell of the double-walled greenhouse, as outdoor air Umluftmischkammer (21) and outside air or exhaust air flaps (23) , optionally with the use of further support fans (16) are arranged. 11. The device according to claim 6 to 10, characterized in that controllable passage openings (13) are arranged only in the ridge area and a retraction device (24) for temporary defined partial or complete withdrawal of the inner shell are arranged in the sequence of a mixed 'indoor climate in constructive double-walled greenhouse. 12. A device for heating double-walled greenhouses and air conditioning of the associated production room, characterized in that for the provision of hot humid air conditioning necessary hot water (12) as energy and material medium low energy potential from Anfallergieträgern any other media fluid or condensing type (31) Heat energy exchanger (32) upstream of the humidified air conditioner (10) and the hot water flow (12) as a circulation, using suitable discharge (33) of the resulting in the evaporation of water soluble water companion (34) is performed.