DE102006050270A1 - Method for energy conversion in a thermal system for tempering a building and device - Google Patents

Abstract

The The invention relates to a method for energy conversion in a thermal system for tempering a building, in particular Temperierungsanlage for a Glasshouse, in the air over a solar air collector to a duct device with a herein arranged heat exchanger to be led, and temperature usable energy in a storage device, a supply of a solution mixture with a solvent and a solution herein Additive is stored, wherein the storage device is loaded with thermal energy in a loading process, by the air in the solar air collector by means of solar energy heated becomes and a liquid Heat transfer medium, which optionally from the mixed solution is formed in the storage device, by means of the heated air on the heat exchanger heated in the channel device heat energy is heated, and is charged with thermo-chemical energy by the air in the solar air collector with shares off in the solar air collector introduced solution mixture is moistened and at least around by the air in the solar air collector absorbed parts reduced concentrate of the solution mixture is collected and the storage device is supplied, whereby in the storage device a concentrated mixed solution is formed. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for tempering a building.

Description

The The invention relates to a method for energy conversion in one thermal plant for tempering a building, in particular tempering for a Glasshouse, and a device for tempering a building.

background the invention

Of the Energy consumption of buildings carries over 40% a major burden on global energy consumption. The biggest part deleted here on the building heating and cooling for tempering the building. Against this background are new technologies, which are the market introduction of regenerative energy supply enable, really important.

While solar thermal Applications for direct heating of water for the domestic water heating or the supporting one home heating with short-term heat storage are well established in the market, solar applications are the seasonal heat storage and the room cooling for lack of competitiveness still far from a real market launch.

When Alternative to the mere storage of sensible heat in reservoirs were different variants of latent heat storage and thermochemical Save proposed. Major disadvantages here are the relatively high cost of storage media required for seasonal storage in very big Quantities needed become. Thermochemical storage, for example absorption systems, allow a significant reduction in storage volumes, since the proportion of latently stored energy is very high.

at absorption heat pumps for solar thermal seasonal storage and for solar cooling Thermal energy at a temperature of typically about 80 ° C, which is different from the general conditions dependent is for requires the regeneration of the working fluid. In turn, this will be relatively costly High performance solar collectors needed.

Farther cause the components of a conventional absorption heat pump such as absorber, regenerator, evaporator and condenser additional Costs that are lower than the achievable cost savings Memory size counted Need to become. Open absorption processes are widespread during drying of indoor air, for example in museums.

Also the regeneration of work equipment in so-called "Desiccant Cooling "systems over open evaporation surfaces was examined in the beginning, for example by the simple overflow of a Roof area. However, this approach has the disadvantage that in closed systems usable heat of evaporation, the above the condenser is made usable here basically the environment gets lost, with the disadvantage of lower energetic ones Efficiency and high water losses. There are also impairments through rains and dust from the environment in a completely open system.

From the document EP 0 965 264 A1 For example, an installation and method for transferring and utilizing heat and / or water vapor from greenhouses and solid state fermentation plants is known. In the known system, air is led out of the greenhouse into a solar chimney, where the air is heated. Subsequently, the heated air passes through a humidifier to be subsequently introduced into a shaft in which the heated and humidified air passes over a heat exchanger. In this case, the air introduced into the shaft is cooled and condensed. The heat exchanger is connected to a thermal storage, to which the thermal heat energy absorbed in the heat exchanger is supplied. In the known system a closed absorption heat pump for solar heating and cooling and chemical storage is also integrated. Complementary solar collectors are used to expel a solvent from a solution mixture in an expeller so that a concentrated mixed solution is formed, which is then recycled to a further storage compartment separated from the storage. In this way, a concentrated mixed solution is provided in the further memory.

Summary the invention

task The invention is an improved method for energy conversion in a thermal plant for tempering a building and to provide an improved device for tempering a building, where efficient energy storage and energy use achieved with simplified means.

These The object is achieved by a Process for energy conversion in a thermal plant for Temperieren a building after the independent one Claim 1 and a device for tempering a building after the independent Claim 15 solved.

According to one aspect of the invention, a method for energy conversion in a thermal system for tempering a building is provided, in particular temperature control system for Ge greenhouse, in which air is conducted via a solar air collector to a duct device with a heat exchanger arranged therein, and stored energy for temperature control in a storage device having a supply of a solution mixture with a solvent and an additive dissolved therein, wherein the storage device is charged in a charging process with thermal energy by: the air in the solar air collector is heated by solar energy and a liquid heat carrier, which is optionally formed from the mixed solution in the storage device, by means of the heated air at the heat exchanger in the duct means heat energy is heated and charged with thermo-chemical energy by: the air in the solar air collector is moistened with proportions of introduced in the solar air collector mixed solution and at least by the air in the solar air collected collector shares reduced concentrate of the solution mixture and the storage device is supplied, whereby in the storage device, a concentrated mixed solution is formed.

• – einer Speichereinrichtung mit einem Vorrat eines Lösungsgemisches, welches ein Lösungsmittel und einen hierin gelösten Zusatzstoff enthält,
• – einem solaren Luftkollektor, der konfiguriert ist, in dem solaren Luftkollektor eingebrachte Luft mittels Sonnenenergie zu erwärmen,
• – einer Befeuchtungseinrichtung, die konfiguriert ist, in dem solaren Luftkollektor eine Menge des Lösungsgemisches die in dem solaren Luftkollektor eingebrachte Luft befeuchtend bereitzustellen, und die wahlweise in dem solaren Luftkollektor angeordnet ist,
• – einer Kanaleinrichtung, welche zum Aufnehmen der in dem solaren Kollektor erwärmten und befeuchteten Luft mit dem solaren Luftkollektor verbunden ist,
• – einem Wärmetauscher, welcher in der Kanaleinrichtung angeordnet und konfiguriert ist, thermische Energie von der erwärmten und befeuchteten Luft aufzunehmen und an einen flüssigen Wärmeträger, welcher wahlweise von dem Lösungsgemisch in der Speichereinrichtung gebildet wird, abzugeben, und
• – einer Auffangeinrichtung, die konfiguriert ist, ein nach dem Befeuchten der Luft in dem solaren Luftkollektor verbleibendes Konzentrat des Lösungsgemisches aufzufangen und an die Speichereinrichtung abzugeben.

According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a device for controlling the temperature of a building, in particular a tempering system for a greenhouse, having the following features:

• A storage device having a supply of a mixed solution containing a solvent and an additive dissolved therein,
• A solar air collector configured to heat air introduced into the solar air collector by solar energy,
• A humidifier configured to humidify an amount of the solution mixture in the solar air collector with the air introduced into the solar air collector, and optionally located in the solar air collector,
• A channel means connected to the solar air collector for receiving and humidifying the heated and humidified air in the solar collector,
• A heat exchanger disposed in the channel means and configured to receive thermal energy from the heated and humidified air and deliver it to a liquid heat carrier optionally formed by the mixed solution in the storage device, and
• A catcher configured to collect a concentrate of the solution mixture remaining after humidifying the air in the solar air collector and to deliver it to the storage device.

The Invention has opposite the prior art in particular the advantage that the storage the thermo-chemical energy in the loading process, as provided in the prior art, the additional Use of solar collectors requires. Become in the solar air collector with the help of solar energy the air is heated and humidified and at the same time the solution mixture concentrated, by the solvent, which preferably a water-based liquid or pure water is from the introduced solution mixture expelled and then used to humidify the air. The in the prior art both apparatively and functionally separated executed process steps the air heating and humidification or another form of solar thermal energy recovery as well as the concentration of the solution mixture are integrated executed whereby the overall thermal system simplified and thereby cost-effective can be produced.

A preferred development of the invention provides that the solution mixture introduced in the solar air collector by means of a trickle humidifier becomes.

at an expedient embodiment The invention can be provided that as a heat exchanger in the channel device during the loading process direct air heat exchanger medium heat exchanger is used, in which the heat energy released by the heated air by direct contact between the heated air and the heat exchange medium is delivered. The heat exchanger medium, which is preferably water, can in this embodiment by means of a Trickle humidifier from the top in the optional as a shaft or chimney executed Channel device are introduced, so that a current from above to below. The air flowing in from the solar air collector, which heats up and moistened, then comes in direct contact with the heat exchange medium, So that the condensation heat transferred directly to the heat exchanger medium becomes. A condensed in the heat exchange medium, previously expelled water from the solvent can then be collected and dissipated become.

A advantageous embodiment the invention provides that the heated Air and the heat exchanger medium be brought into direct contact in the shaft by the heat exchanger medium is sprinkled into the channel device.

Preferably, a development of the invention provides that is used as direct air heat exchanger medium heat exchanger in the channel device during the loading process, a cascaded direct air heat exchanger medium heat exchanger in which the heat exchange medium partially in Direction and partially counter to the direction of flow of the heated air in the channel device is guided. A cascaded direct air heat exchanger medium heat exchanger can be designed with at least two subregions arranged one above the other, wherein the heat exchange medium initially flows from top to bottom due to gravity in the lower part, then lifted upwards by means of a pump and then over an overlying part Part area is trickled. This lifting of the heat exchange medium can be carried out cascade-wise or partially. By lifting the heat exchange medium, this flows in the opposite direction to the downwardly flowing, heated and humidified air.

at An advantageous embodiment of the invention can be provided be that as heat exchangers in the channel device during the loading process an indirect heat exchanger is used, in which the heat energy released by the heated air to a not with the warmed up Air contacting heat exchanger medium is delivered. In an indirect heat exchanger, the heat exchanger medium flows in one of the heated air separate circuit, so that no Contact between the heated Air and the heat exchanger medium takes place. The heat energy is heated by the Air usually via partitions, which are preferred as metal surfaces are formed, transferred to the heat exchange medium.

A Development of the invention may provide that the solution mixture in the storage device is kept in layered strata, in which subsets of the solution mixture arranged with different concentrations of the dissolved additive are and for an associated extraction line is provided. The stratification in the memory device may be due to the different Concentrations of the dissolved Adjust additive. The higher concentrated mixed solution is more at the bottom of the storage device, whereas less concentrated mixed solution accumulates in the upper part of the storage device. The stratification allows it, about the inflow and outflows associated with the layered layer areas in the loading or unloading process on aliquots of the solution mixture to access with different concentrations. So, for example in the thermo-chemical discharge process preferably to the higher concentration Subsets of the solution mixture be accessed. In a similar way can less concentrated aliquots of the mixed solution then in one certain layer area of the storage device introduced again become.

A preferred development of the invention provides that the air by means of a natural, due to different temperature zones formed air flow is transported, which optionally by a means of a Fan device generated, supported or artificial airflow replaced by this. A natural air flow is by means of a entering in the solar air collector due to heating of the air upward movement in combination with a cooling of the channel equipment Air and here resulting output motion adjusted. To this The air exchange takes place in the elements of the thermal system, without it therefor requires mechanical effort. But also the use of a fan device for generating an artificial one or mechanical airflow may be complementary or alternative be.

at an expedient embodiment The invention may be provided that in a thermal discharge process, the thermal Energy from the liquid Heat transfer medium at least is partially discharged, optionally using the heat exchanger in the channel device. In the thermal discharge process, the in the storage device in the loading process transferred to the liquid heat carrier, Thermal energy at least partially released to the thermal Energy for to use a heating or cooling process.

This Optionally, using the heat exchanger in the channel device or alternatively or in addition done with the help of other heat exchangers. An advantageous embodiment the invention provides that as liquid Heat transfer the mixed solution is used. In this way, to save energy overall only one store can be provided, as the mass of the thermo-chemical Memory in addition thermally activated. Therefor a heat exchanger arranged in the store is used to during the Loading phase the liquid To cool the heat transfer medium and the mixed solution to warm, without the solution mixture unnecessary to dilute.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that in a thermo-chemical discharge process, the thermo-chemical energy is at least partially released from the concentrated mixed solution in the storage device by the concentrated solution mixture is distributed by means of a distribution device and absorbs using the released enthalpy of vaporized air humidity, whereby a heated solution mixture diluted with respect to the concentrated mixed solution is formed, which provides thermally usable energy. The moisture can preferably be provided by means of humidified air, which in turn in the solar air collection is generated, wherein the moisture is not made available there from the mixed solution. Rather, the solvent, so for example water, provided. Also, moist air generated elsewhere can be used. In the thermo-chemical discharge process, the stored in the loading process by means of concentration of the mixed solution thermochemical energy is at least partially released again. The heated and diluted solution mixture produced in this case can be returned to the storage device or, alternatively or additionally, can also be used in another manner for heating or cooling by tapping the thermally usable energy. In the thermo-chemical discharge using a thermally activated concentrate storage, the heat exchanger is used in the memory to distribute the released in the absorption of moisture in the solution concentrate heat to a larger storage mass.

Prefers provides a development of the invention that the thermo-chemical discharge process at least partially in the ducting using the herein arranged heat exchanger accomplished becomes. This embodiment has opposite the prior art in particular the advantage that the discharge the thermo-chemical energy in the loading process not mandatory over further system components in the form of absorber and evaporator units takes place. Rather, it can for the production of water vapor in turn offset in the solar air collector arranged Rieselkörper and for subsequent absorption the water vapor in turn arranged in the channel device Heat exchanger surfaces used become.

at An advantageous embodiment of the invention can be provided be that the thermochemical Discharge process at least partly in an external absorption heat pump is performed, which is the concentrated mixed solution supplied becomes. For the external absorption heat pump For example, it is a conventional, evacuated Unit with evaporator and absorber. The concentrated mixed solution can over for example a conduit system of the external absorption heat pump supplied become. In a comparable way then in the outer absorption heat pump generated, diluted mixed solution for regeneration or thickening again to the storage device or returned directly to the solar air collector.

at An advantageous embodiment of the invention can be provided be that that concentrated mixed solution is distributed by means of a trickle device.

A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the heated and across from the concentrated mixed solution diluted mixed solution at least partially supplied to the memory device.

following Be advantageous embodiments of the device for tempering a building explained in more detail.

at an expedient embodiment the invention can be provided that the heat exchanger according to a Type selected is made of the following group of types: direct air heat exchanger medium heat exchanger and indirect heat exchanger.

A advantageous embodiment the invention provides that a Ventilation system, which is configured to carry a natural airflow the air produced.

Prefers provides a development of the invention that the memory device with an external absorption heat pump connected is.

at An advantageous embodiment of the invention can be provided be that the Humidifier has a trickle humidifier.

at An advantageous embodiment of the invention can be provided be that the Moistening device above a plant area in one Glasshouse is arranged. The moistening device can be adjusted in height be formed above the plant area in the greenhouse. In a execution will do this used a cable to the humidifier, which is itself For example, a trickle humidifier is on the plants let down or remove from them again.

The described method and the illustrated device can preferably be used for the air conditioning or temperature control of a greenhouse. In one embodiment, the greenhouse is then connected via an arranged on the ground level and closable opening with an outlet of the channel device and connected via a arranged in a roof level and closable executed opening with an output of the solar air collector. In one possible embodiment, the moistening device comprises a partially translucent, displaceable or rollable shading device in the roof area of the greenhouse. Plants can generate in the greenhouse by their Verdungstungsakivität additional amounts of water vapor, which in the thermochemical discharge process of the distributed, concentrated Lösungsge can be used to generate additional thermal energy using the released enthalpy of vaporization.

The described processes, namely the loading process, the thermal discharge process as well The thermo-chemical discharge process can not only time but also spatially run separately from each other become. This can be provided, the thermal system only for the Loading process, in particular the storage of thermo-chemical energy in the Memory device to use. For the absorption process, this means the thermo-chemical charging process then becomes an external evaporator as well as other solar air collectors or other heat sources used, for example, a composting system, a geothermal probe or the like for evaporating the solvent. The concentrated Solution mixture is then treated as a storage medium and can by means of vehicle or piping system to more distant locations In a similar way can then the remaining after the thermo-chemical discharge process, diluted mixed solution transported back become.

One water-based mixed solution with, for example, 40% concentration of the dissolved additive in which it is functionally an absorbent, which can be diluted to 20% is, contains then 0.6 kWh of energy per liter. This is about ten times the amount the thermal storage capacity of water when loaded at 30 ° C at 80 ° C and corresponds approximately to the energy content of 5 grams of crude oil. To further increase the efficiency can be the substance and energy transport according to the Discharge process of conventional Heat pumps run off in a vacuum.

description preferred embodiments the invention

The Invention will be described below with reference to preferred embodiments explained in more detail with reference to figures of a drawing. Hereby show:

1 a schematic representation of a thermal system for a building, in particular a greenhouse, to explain a loading process,

2 a schematic representation of the thermal system for a building after 1 to explain a discharge process,

3 a schematic representation of the thermal system for a building after 1 to explain a discharge process in which the building is heated;

4 a schematic representation of a thermal system for a building, in particular a greenhouse, in another embodiment with an external evaporator and an external absorber; and

5 a schematic representation of the thermal system for a building after 1 in which atmospheric moisture is absorbed from ambient air or a greenhouse or both for water production.

The invention will be described below with reference to FIGS 1 to 5 explained in more detail with reference to embodiments. For same features are in the 1 to 5 same reference numerals used.

1 shows a schematic representation of a thermal system for a building, in particular a greenhouse, to explain a loading process.

During a loading process, which takes place, for example, during the summer months, becomes a solar air collector 3 used to heat a solution mixture L by solar irradiation by mixing the solution mixture L on a trickle humidifier 4 is distributed as a liquid film over a Einstrahlfläche. Here, two energetic processes take place in parallel.

First, the mixed solution L is heated, water evaporates from the mixed solution L, and the concentration of ingredients S in the mixed solution L is increased. The maximum concentration of the mixed solution LK which can be achieved as a function of an air saturation and an achievable temperature is determined in a given residence time of the solution mixture L in the solar air collector by means of a single or multiple overflow of the inclined or vertically arranged trickle moisturizer 4 reached. The concentrated mixed solution LK is then concentrated in a concentrate 5 integrated storage device.

Furthermore, the moisture film in the solar air collector 3 heated by the solar radiation. As a result, air over the moisture film is heated and moistened. By means of a recirculation system, the heated and humidified air is now over a surface of one in an air duct 1 outside the solar air collector 3 arranged heat exchanger 2 guided. This energy is transported by sensitive and latent heat content of the heated and humidified air. By transferring the heat to a colder medium in the heat exchanger 2 If the temperature falls below the dew point, the latent heat of the air humidity is converted back into sensible heat by condensation and can thus also be utilized by the heated liquid being added to the concentrate reservoir 5 is supplied.

One in the concentrate store 5 arranged another heat exchanger 6 allows the use of water as a coolant in the air duct 1 and the transfer of heat / cold to the mixed solution L. The humidity in the air duct 1 condenses here and can as water gain W via an overflow device 12 be dissipated. The cooled and dehumidified air is returned to the solar air collector via a connection shaft 3 returned, where again heat and moisture can be absorbed.

In order to fall below the dew point temperature of the air and to constantly dehumidify the air in the closed system, a cooling medium must be provided. This is from a heat / cold storage 8th provided, which together with the concentrate storage 5 is formed in the memory device.

With increasing heating of the storage device, the required dew point temperature for dehumidification is exceeded from a certain point. In this case, part of the storage volume can be transferred via the heat exchanger 2 be specifically cooled during the night and again as cold storage in the heat / cold storage 8th be stored.

During the loading process, part of the storage mass serves, for example, as a buffer heat storage for a first heating season in the beginning of winter or for heating in a greenhouse 9 over night. A second partial volume serves as a cold storage, namely for the storage of cold from a seasonal discharge phase or regular nocturnal cooling, to force the condensation process.

By subdivision of the heat exchanger 2 in cascading portions (not shown) can be generated when trickling the liquid from top to bottom, a countercurrent to the loading process also from top to bottom flowing air. As a result, a more effective heating of the liquid side is achieved. This can be achieved by means of at least two superposed portions of a trickle body, wherein a heat exchange medium first flows from top to bottom due to gravity in the lowermost portion, then lifted by a pump from bottom to top and then trickled over the overlying portion. By lifting the heat exchange medium, this flows in the sum in the opposite direction to the downwardly flowing, heated and humidified air.

2 shows a schematic representation of the thermal system for a building 1 to explain a discharge process.

A discharge of the storage device, which in the illustrated embodiment, the concentrate storage 5 and the heat / cold storage 8th implemented, can be mixed into a ther and a thermo-chemical discharge process are divided, which preferably take place offset in time.

In colder seasons, the heated solution mixture L may be discharged upon discharge of the thermal storage potential via the heat exchanger 2 by transferring heat energy to the adjoining greenhouse by means of direct contact between the heat exchange medium and the heated air 9 to heat over the airflow. The heat exchanger 2 then serves as a radiator.

When using a liquid-to-air heat exchanger in the direct contact type, the heated liquid is not evaporated on an open surface, since a hygroscopic acting portion of the dissolved ingredients S prevents this, as long as a certain concentration of the solvent mixture L is not exceeded. The concentration can be reduced by diluting but specifically so far that the room air is not only heated according to a set heating temperature, but is also moistened to a determinable water content. In order to prevent an undesired over-humidification of the room air during heating, a continuous minimum residual concentration of the solution mixture L in the storage device must be taken into account, taking into account the ingredient S used in the design of the entire system. The arranged in the storage device, further heat exchanger 6 allows in this case a method in which the concentration of the solution mixture LK is removed from the storage device and by means of multiple flow through the heat exchanger 2 in the air duct 1 and the further heat exchanger 6 in the storage device as long as water can be removed from the air until then a dilute mixed solution LV is formed with a desired dilution, the resulting heat is transferred to the storage volume and then back into the concentrate storage 5 can be returned.

The use of the heat exchanger 2 in the direct contact type in the air duct 1 is in Kopp tion with an open absorption system expedient, because in a space heating of the direct contact heat exchanger can only be used when a heating fluid by controlling the concentration of the ingredient S does not evaporate. In addition, pure water is out of the question for direct contact with the indoor air used, because on open water surfaces bacterial growth occurs with unacceptable hygienic risks.

Furthermore, a thermo-chemical discharge process is provided, especially during sunny and warmer winters. The solution mixture L in the storage device can be reheated several times by providing the concentrated mixed solution LK. With the help of reloading, a seasonal heat accumulator can be dimensioned smaller overall. For this purpose, water W, for example, line, rain or sea water for humidification in the solar air collector 3 introduced. By means of solar radiation into the solar air collector 3 or direct heating of the air over outer surfaces of the solar air collector 3 it is thus possible to produce moist air which, analogously to the loading process described above, leads to the heat exchanger 2 to be led. The surfaces of the heat exchanger 2 can be used here as a trickle body, in which the concentrated mixed solution LK is passed over the heat exchanger surface to those in the solar air collector 3 to absorb generated air humidity. The concentrated mixed solution LK is heated due to the liberated upon absorption of humidity latent heat and can be used directly for heating or for thermally activating the mixed solution in the storage device, by then the other heat exchanger 6 flows through. Following the heat pump principle, heat from a low-temperature source is thus upgraded during the absorption phase, while in the preceding expulsion phase, low-temperature heat is intermediately stored via the storage device and is preferably released to the environment at night.

3 shows a schematic representation of the thermal system for a building 1 to explain a discharge process in which the building is heated.

As it turned out 3 results, the stored heat can also be an adjacent building 11 be supplied. An air circuit through the solar collector 3 This is done via at least two closable flaps 14a . 14b closed. It will be a new circuit between the air duct 1 and the building 11 via a hinged connection element 15a educated. Furthermore, provided with flaps another connection element 15b intended.

The heat exchanger 2 serves as a radiator of the building 11 , Alternately, by opening the flaps 14a . 14b and closing the connecting elements 15a . 15b Air from a collector circuit and vice versa from a building circuit to Wärmetau shear 2 guided. The greenhouse 9 can be used as solar irradiated collector surface, which allows a high evaporation rate due to the large evaporation surface of the plants, even at relatively low temperatures, and without being heated itself. On sunny winter days, there may be air in the building 11 also directly over the solar air collector 3 be heated, without the heat / cold storage 8th to unload. For this purpose, an air circulation between a collector volume and a building volume with decoupling of a heat exchanger shaft via a flap 16 in the air duct 1 formed, with the flaps 14a . 14b and the connecting elements 15a . 15b are open.

4 shows a schematic representation of a thermal system for a building, in particular a greenhouse, in another embodiment with an external evaporator and an external absorber.

The described processes of memory loading (see explanation to 1 ) and the memory discharge (see explanations to 2 ) can be separated not only temporally but also spatially. In this case, the thermal system is used only for thermochemical loading. For the absorption process are then in an external evaporator 10a further solar wet-air collectors or other heat sources, such as a composting system, a geothermal probe or the like, developed for water evaporation, which on the absorption in the provided concentrated solution mixture LK in an external absorber 10b can be lifted into usable heat at a higher temperature level.

The concentrated mixed solution LK is then traded as a storage medium and can be accessed via vehicles or pipe systems transported to more distant locations and as diluted mixed solution transported back again become. A mixed solution with, for example, 40% concentration of the absorbent, which can be diluted to 20% is, contains then about 0.6kWh energy in the form of potential enthalpy of vaporization per liter. This is about 10 times the thermal storage capacity of water at a loading of 30 ° C at 80 ° C and corresponds approximately to the energy content of 5 grams of crude oil.

To increase the efficiency of the material and energy transport in the discharge process between components of the external evaporator 10a and the external absorber 10b as in conventional heat pumps run in a vacuum, so that the energy through the external evaporator 10a is increased at a given temperature of the developed low heat.

The material and energy transport in vacuum can also be used for solar cooling by the heat for the evaporation process in the external evaporator 10a the air of the space to be cooled or a liquid medium to be cooled is removed and the waste heat from that from the external absorber 10b exiting, dilute mixed solution LV or via an additional cooling circuit with a heat exchanger in the external absorber 10b is discharged to the outside air of the environment. Since the concentration of the solution mixture L is far above the concentration of salt in the seawater, during the thermo-chemical discharge process (see 2 ) instead of fresh water B and seawater MW in the external evaporator 10a be used. In this case, regularly concentrated seawater MWK must be removed from a cycle, disposed of and reused. Evaporated fractions may after absorption from the dilute solution mixture through the overflow device 12 in the following regeneration cycle (see explanations to 1 ) and used as condensed fresh water.

5 shows a schematic representation of the thermal system for a building 1 in which atmospheric moisture is absorbed from ambient air or a greenhouse or both for water production.

Another application is the extraction of water from the ambient air at high humidity levels. For this purpose, the concentrated solution mixture LK on the trickle body of the heat exchanger 2 in the air duct 1 distributed. Outside air of the environment is over a flap 13a in the open state over the greenhouse 9 or directly to the bottom of the air duct 1 guided. At sufficiently high humidity, the water vapor of the outside air is absorbed by the concentrated mixed solution LK. The heated and dehumidified air is driven by buoyancy or assisted by mechanical ventilation via a fan 7 via another opening with an adjustable flap 13b at the top of the air duct 1 returned to the environment. At the next loading process (see explanations to 1 ), the absorbed moisture of the outside air can then evaporate again, then condensed and as process water through the overflow device 12 be made usable.

The in the foregoing description, claims and drawings Features of the invention can both individually and in any combination for the realization of the invention in its various embodiments of importance be.

1

air duct

2

heat exchangers

3

solar air collector

4

Ries humectants

5

concentrate memory

6

Another heat exchangers

7

fan

8th

Heat / cold storage

9

Glasshouse

10a

external Evaporator of an absorption heat pump

10b

external absorber

11

building

12

Overflow device

13a, 13b

flap

14

Flap between air duct 1 and greenhouse 9

15

Flaps between air duct 1 and buildings 11

16

closable flap

S

ingredient a solution mixture L

L

mixed solution

LK

concentrated mixed solution

LV

diluted mixed solution

W

water

MW

seawater

MWK

concentrated seawater

Claims (20)

Method for energy conversion in a thermal system for tempering a building, in particular tempering system for a greenhouse, in which air is guided via a solar air collector to a duct device with a heat exchanger arranged therein, and usable energy for tempering in a storage device containing a supply of a solution mixture with a solvent and an additive dissolved therein, the storage device being loaded with thermal energy in a charging process by: - heating the air in the solar air collector by solar energy; and - a liquid heat transfer medium optionally consisting of the mixed solution is formed in the storage device, is heated by means of the heated air at the heat exchanger in the channel device heat energy dissipated, and - loaded with thermo-chemical energy by: The air in the solar air collector is moistened with proportions of solution mixture introduced into the solar air collector, and a concentrate of the solution mixture reduced at least by the portions taken up by the air in the solar air collector is collected and supplied to the storage device, whereby the storage device is concentrated Formed solution mixture. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that this mixed solution in the solar air collector according to at least one of the following processes is introduced: by means of a trickle moisturizer and by spraying an absorber surface. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized that as heat exchangers in the channel device during the loading process, a direct air heat exchanger medium heat exchanger is used, in which the heat energy released by the heated air transmitted by direct contact between the heated air and the heat exchange medium becomes. Method according to claim 3, characterized that the heated Air and the heat exchanger medium be brought into direct contact in the channel device by the heat exchanger medium is sprinkled into the channel device. Method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized that as direct air heat exchanger medium heat exchanger in the channel device during the loading process a cascaded direct air heat exchanger medium heat exchanger is used, in which the heat exchange medium partially in the direction and partly against the direction of a flow of heated Air in the duct device out becomes. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized that as heat exchangers in the channel device during the loading process an indirect heat exchanger is used, in which the heat energy released from the heated air a not with the warmed up Air contacting heat exchanger medium is delivered. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that mixed solution held in the storage device in layered layer areas is, in which subsets of the solution mixture arranged with different concentrations of the dissolved additive are and for an associated extraction line is provided. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that Air by means of a natural, due to different temperature zones formed air flow is transported, which optionally by means of a fan device generated, artificial Airflow supported or replaced by it. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that a thermal discharge process the thermal energy of the liquid Heat transfer medium at least is partially discharged, optionally using the heat exchanger in the channel device. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that a thermo-chemical discharge process the thermo-chemical energy from the concentrated mixed solution is at least partially released in the memory device, by the concentrated mixed solution is distributed by means of a distribution device and under utilization released vaporization enthalpy absorbs humidity, causing a heated and opposite the concentrated mixed solution diluted mixed solution is formed, which provides thermally usable energy. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that that the thermo-chemical discharge process at least partially in the Channel device using the herein arranged heat exchanger accomplished becomes. Method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized that the thermochemical discharge process at least partly in an external absorption heat pump accomplished to which the concentrated mixed solution is supplied. Method according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized that this concentrated mixed solution is distributed by means of a trickle device. Method according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized that this heated and opposite the concentrated mixed solution diluted mixed solution at least partially supplied to the memory device. Apparatus for controlling the temperature of a building, in particular a tempering system for a greenhouse, comprising: a storage device having a supply of a mixed solution containing a solvent and an additive dissolved therein, a solar air collector configured in FIG air supplied to the solar air collector by means of solar energy; a humidifier configured to provide in the solar air collector a quantity of the solution mixture the air introduced into the solar air collector humidifying and optionally located in the solar air collector, channel means which is connected to the solar air collector for receiving and humidifying the heated and humidified air in the solar collector, a heat exchanger disposed in the duct means and configured to receive thermal energy from the heated and humidified air and to a liquid heat transfer medium optionally from the mixed solution in the storage device, and a collecting device configured to collect a concentrate of the mixed solution remaining in the solar air collector after humidifying the air and to the storage device to give. Device according to claim 15, characterized in that that the heat exchangers according to a type selected is made of the following group of types: direct air heat exchanger medium heat exchanger and indirect heat exchanger. Apparatus according to claim 15 or 16, characterized through a ventilation system, which is configured to carry a natural airflow to create the air. Device according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized that the Storage device connected to an external absorption heat pump is. Device according to one of claims 15 to 18, characterized that the Humidifier has a trickle humidifier. Device according to one of claims 15 to 19, characterized that the Moistening device above a plant area in one Glasshouse is arranged.