DD240867A1 - METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR WRITING CLOSED FONTS AND FONTS FROM SEGMENTED FONTS BY WRITING MACHINE - Google Patents

Abstract

The method and the circuit arrangement are used for writing großflächiger, easy to read characters with electronically controlled typewriters whose type carriers have only small Typenflaechen. For writing large-area characters, the characters are divided into individual segments and formed by electronically controlled Mehrfachabschlag, the Typentraegerwagen and the platen perform corresponding partial movements. By the method stored in a memory logic information for the multiple discount of the segments, for the Typentraegerwagen- and the platen roller movement according to the determined by the information representation sequence and positioning of the segments within the character to the printer control. For sequential processing of the partial information in the printer control, the multiplexers connected to the outputs of the memory logic are controlled by a sequencer.

Description

field of use

The use of typewriters with interchangeable Sumentypenträgerr ^ as type discs and the like. offers u. a

 because of their special suitability for the use of the electronic control special advantages. Thus, with appropriate design of the typewriter by changing the type discs with different font by means of a typewriter in turn documents in Latin or another font can be made. Since, however, only a small area for the types is present in the type discs, for example, the Arabic characters must be greatly reduced as soon as they are to be applied as a complete character on each one spoke. By reducing the readability is impaired and it is interrupted, the closed lettering between the individual characters of a word. On the closed lettering within a word, however, the Arabic script is very important. Therefore, the typeface is inferior to the typeface made, for example, with a typewriter typewriter. On the type levers the characters can be made much larger. In order to obtain an equivalent typeface typewriters Typscheiben, the large-scale characters are to be segmented and write by multiple deduction.

Characteristic of the known technical solutions

In DE-OS 2232689 a typewriter unit type carrier is described, are formed in the multiple characters existing characters, such as ö or i, by the multiple discount of other characters. The multiple deduction is effected by the control of the knockdown movement of the unit type carrier and the movements of the type carrier carriage and the platen. A disadvantage is, inter alia, that the type carrier car in the impression of the letter ö in the course of Mehrfachabschlages changes its direction of movement and must be moved against the actual writing direction. Because of the mass of the type carrier wagon there is a risk that the lots of the transmission adversely affect the accuracy of the discount. If the individual elements of the character are separated, inaccuracies in their position have little effect on the typeface. However, as soon as they are combined into a closed lettering, the typeface is affected by such inaccuracies.

Object of the invention

The object of the invention is to produce easily readable characters by the multiple discount of segmented or individual characters that reflect all the subtleties of a font with a large width, or upper and lower length of the characters. In addition, especially in Arabic characters, the lettering between the characters of a word close. The segmentation of Arabic characters ensures the use of a uniform type plate for the various keyboards of Arab countries.

Explanation of the essence of the invention

The invention has for its object to provide by a method and a circuit, the formation of large area, such as Arabic characters, the type carrier is moved during the writing of the composite characters only in the writing direction. The object is achieved by the method and the circuit arrangement stated in the claim of the invention.

embodiment

To illustrate the invention, two tables and the drawing of the circuit are used. In the embodiment, the circuit and the method for writing Arabic characters will be discussed, not the circuit used only for writing Latin fonts.

As stated previously, many Arabic characters are large in area, i. h., They are often very wide, or have large upper or lower lengths. Apart from the small type area, which is available for example on the spokes of the type disc, it is problematic to produce a perfect impression, especially in characters with large upper or lower length. Therefore, large-scale characters and those with upper and lower length are broken down into individual segments, as far as their writing can not be resorted to the combination of small area single character. The segments and individual characters are to be applied to the type surfaces so that their center of gravity is almost centric to the point of impact of the print hammer to obtain a well covering tee of the respective character or segment. In Table 1, some characters composed of segments are shown in the order of their individual deductions, with the arrow indicating the writing direction of the type-carrier car in Arabic writing. Table 2 shows for these characters listed in column Z the values under which the storage is carried out in the memory logic, which is denoted by S2 in the drawing. In Table 2, the terms have the following meaning:

Code = address of the string of strings

SW = total step size of the character horizontally

SWh 1 ... 3 = horizontal sub-increment for the individual segment or character, where the numbers 1 to 3 on the

To bend segments,

SWv1 ... 3 = vertical step size for the segment marked with the respective number,

X1 ... 3 = position of the segment marked with the respective number on the type plate,

E1 ... 3 = beating energy of the respective segment according to its line size

There are broad and narrow characters in the Arabic script, with the broad characters being twice as wide as the narrow ones. The broad characters correspond to 14 elementary steps and the narrow 7 elementary steps. A horizontal elementary step is V120 inches. As a result, either 14 or 7 elementary steps are stored in column SW depending on the width of the respective character. With regard to the position of the segments or individual characters within the composite character, there are various possibilities of defining a reference plane, which is required for the realization of the closed lettering over several characters of a word. As a reference plane or zero position, once the geometric center of the characters or the beginning of a character can be selected. In Table 2, with respect to the horizontal increments of the character segments and the individual characters, the center of the characters is assumed, whereby the target positions are given negative or positive signs. The respective sign indicates the position direction of the movement of the type carriage from the center of the character, wherein the position of the segment o. The like. "+" In the writing direction and "-" is opposite to the writing direction. The vertical step size is also marked with positive and negative signs starting from the basic position. The positive position direction. Corresponds to the platen rotation in the line switching direction. The negative position direction

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the characters 19 and D8 are explained. The character designated by the code 19 is a wide character. Therefore, the center of the next character corresponding to the column SW14 is elementary steps from the center of this character, even if the following character is a narrow character, as will be explained later. The position of the first segment (seen in Table 1) is horizontal - 5 elementary steps from the center of the character and vertical-2 elementary steps from the home position. The character segment is applied to the position of the type wheel. Since this is the point, in column E1, the lowest beating energy is stored with "1." The second segment is horizontal - 4 elementary steps away from the center, ie the type carrier carriage is to be adjusted by one elementary step in the writing direction the platen roller is to be turned back to the basic position.The segment is applied to the position of the type plate 14. Due to the line size, a considerably higher beating energy is stored in the column E 2 with 5. The third and last segment is horizontal +5 elementary steps of The sprocket set is retained, and the segment stored as position 13 in column X3 is knocked off with the beating energy 5 (E 3). In Arabic characters, the segmentation is a maximum of three Segments or single characters to the wide area to write a sign very readable in the multiple discount. It is possible that in other fonts the segmentation must be either less or more segments, which has to be considered in the circuit arrangement. Therefore, for example, the outputs of the designated in the drawing S 2 memory logic with the information 1,2 ... η have been called. If a narrow character is written after the character stored under the code 19, then the starting point is not the geometrical center of the narrow character, but that fictitiously also the center is reached after 14 elementary steps, calculated from the middle of the symbol previous broad character. Therefore, when characters are expanded, 14 elementary steps are always stored in column SW. If a wide or narrow character is written after the narrow character, only 7 elementary steps up to the middle of the following character are calculated and stored in the column SW for the narrow character, since only one half is written in the narrow character. This can be seen, for example, from the storage of the values for the character with the code D8. This sign is also formed by the multiple discount of 3 segments. The position of the first segment is horizontally from the fictitious center of the narrow character - 3 elementary steps and vertically from the basic position +3 elementary steps away. Since it is de point, in position X1 again 83 and in E1 again the lowest beating energy 1 is stored. The second segment is horizontally also 3 elementary steps away from the center, so that the type carriage does not make a horizontal step. Vertical is the platen to return to the normal position. In the column X2, the position 9 and in the column E2 the Abschlagenergie 1 is stored. The third segment is horizontal - 2 elementary steps away from the center, so that the type carriage is transported by only one elementary step in the writing direction. The platen position is maintained. In the column X3 the position 4 and in the column E 3 due to the larger trace the Abschlagergie 2 is stored. This completes the multiple haircuts and either a new character can be cut off segment by segment or a blank can be executed. Not all relatively small-scale, single-off to write individual characters can be applied in their writing position on the type spoke, provided that they would deviate in the writing position with their line center of gravity far from the point of impact of Druckharnmer. They are therefore applied to the writing position offset with their center of gravity centric to the impact point of the print hammer so that a perfect tee is achieved. They therefore require a corresponding positive or negative adjustment of the platen to their tee, for example, at upper or Unterlängei. For a few characters, this also applies to horizontal positioning.

When the beginning of a character is selected as the reference plane or the zero position, the negative values are generated when the horizontal positions of the segments are stored. In the transition from one character to the other, within one word after the tee off of the last segment, the cartoon carriage can move to the end position of the character from which the stepping cycle of the following character is started. On the other hand, it is possible to jump from the last horizontal position of the preceding character to the first horizontal position of the following character. The analogue control can also be used when setting the platen. Either the platen can be rotated at the end of each character in the basic position and from this to the vertical position of the first segment of the following character or without being reset to the basic position to be rotated in the same position of the first segment of the subsequent character.

As already indicated at the beginning of the embodiment, the circuit essentially only describes the details required for writing Arabic characters. The keyboard T is bilingual

 It is downstream of a buffer memory S1 for both fonts. The output of the buffer memory S1 is switched either by a special function key or by markings on the inserted type disc according to the font used on the circuit elements for the discount of Latin or Arabic characters. For writing Arabic characters, the output of the buffer memory S1 is connected to the memory logic S2. The content of the memory logic S 2 has been described in connection with Table 2. The outputs of the memory logic S2 are used to output the stored values to the sizes SWh, SWv, X and E. The outputs SWh, SWv, X and E are each assigned to a multiplexer M serving as evaluation logic.

The outputs of SWh, SWv, X and E are divided according to the maximum required segments for the font. At the inputs of the multiplexer M also supply lines of the sequencer SG are connected according to the maximum required segments. The outputs t1, t2... Tn of the sequencer SG are connected in the multiplexers M to one of the AND elements, to whose other input one of the supply lines of the memory logic S2 is applied for the respective memory value of the associated segment. The AND gates are connected in the multiplexer M to the OR gate to which the output is applied. The outputs of the multiplexers M for the values X1 ... Xn and E1 ... En are directly connected to the printer controller DS, which is used for both fonts. The output of the stored horizontal position value multiplexer M is once directly connected to the OR gate V whose output leads to the printer controller DR

 On the other hand, the output of the multiplexer M is connected via a negating input to an addition element ADD at whose other input the output SW of the memory logic S2 is present. The output of the addition element ADD is applied to the input of an AND element whose output is connected to the other input of the OR element V, at whose first input the output of the multiplexer M for the values SWh 1... SWhn is present. At the other entrance of the and-member lie

is connected, to which the output of the multiplexer M for the values SWv 1 ... SWvn downstream further addition ADD is applied. The output of said multiplexer M leads once to the negating input of said adder ADD and on the other hand to the OR gate V whose other input is connected to the output of the AND gate previously described. The outputs of both OR gates V lead via separate lines to the printer controller DS.

The printer controller DS has two outputs, one of which leads to the printer DR and the other to the sequencer SG. The sequencer SG is connected to the buffer memory S1 via an output which carries the signal tn + 2. With the printer control DS and the circuit elements not described for the other font are connected. The function of the circuit will be described below. The characters entered in the keyboard are fed to the buffer memory S1, which makes it possible to temporarily store the characters not processed by the printer during a fast input. As far as the first character of a font is concerned, or if the characters are entered more slowly than they are processed, it is immediately passed from the buffer memory S1 with its code into the memory logic S 2, which assigns the memory specific memory values for step widths, etc. Cached characters are transferred after the processing of the previous character only after a signal from the sequencer SG on the line tn + 2 in the memory logic S2. The values stored for the respective character are output in parallel across all lines and routed to the multiplexers M up to SW. The sequence-correct processing takes place in the multiplexers M by the sequencer SG on the lines ti ... tn successively emitted pulses. While the values of X1 ... Xn and E1 ... En are directly passed from the multiplexers M to the printer controller, the values of SWh1 ... SWhn and SWvI ... SWvn are each branched through one of the OR gates V in the printer control DS passed and run on the other hand on the negating inputs in the addition elements ADD. In the horizontal step size addition element ADD, the horizontal elementary steps are subtracted from the respective total step size SW (7 or 14 elementary steps) and, for example, after the last signal (SWhn) has run in, the remaining elementary steps up to the start position for the next character are output as signal a Output output. This signal is passed through the subsequent AND gate via the OR gate V in the printer control DS, as soon as the signal tn + 1 is delivered from the sequencer SG. As already described in the explanation of the storage in the memory logic S2, the type carrier car is moved in these sub-steps only in one direction, the writing direction. In the vertical setting, however, the paper roll alternates between positive and negative feed direction. After the last signal (SWvn) has run in, the adder ADD determines the difference to the basic position and, if necessary, outputs the elementary steps required for the return to the basic position as a signal at the output. The forwarding via the following AND gate also takes place as a function of the signal tn + 1 to the printer controller DS. At the other output of the printer controller DS, after all the segments of a character have been processed including the remaining steps up to the end of the character, a signal is sent to the sequencer SG, through which the sequencer SG is prepared for a new cycle.

While the printer DR, after transferring the signals from the printer controller DS to the printer DR, lowers the segment, the values of the following segment or other work instruction may be input to the printer controller DS.

The multiple discount for the formation of an Arabic character leads to no delay in the input of the characters in the keyboard, as in the buffer memory S1, the sequence-wise intermediate storage of several, compared to the processing temporarily temporarily entered characters takes place. Character input and discount offset each other in a short time. The segmentation of the Arabic characters also has the advantage that only one common type disc is required for the different Arabic keyboards, which differ in the character assignment and partly also in the form of the characters. The application of complete Arabic characters on the spokes would require the use of different types of discs adjusted to the particular keyboard.

Table 1

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Claims (5)

-ι- 240 8C Invention claim: 1. A method for writing closed characters and lettering aussegmentierten characters by means of a
electronically controlled typewriter with unit type carrier, both typed via the keyboard
Character by the multiple discount of the segmented characters under appropriate control of
Type carrier, type carriage carriage and platen roller movement are formed, characterized in that the Auswa the order of the segments and their positioning within the character in dependence on the
Information is presented by the information for the multiple haircuts of the segments for which
The number of pieces of information carrier carriage advance (SWh), platen advance (SWv), positioning of the segment (' and pressure energy of the segment (E) in an appropriate manner to the Printer controller (DR) are provided. 2. A circuit arrangement for applying the method according to claim 1, characterized in that a memory logic (S2) on the output side with the required number of multiplexers (M) is connected, wherein the order correct
Processing of the partial information is controlled by a sequencer (SG), which in turn of the printer control (DR) controlled at the end of the information sequence causes the buffer (S 1) for further information provision. 3. The circuit arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that the buffer (S 1) on the output side with the memory logic (S 2) for the segments and the input side to the sequencer (SG) via an output (tn + 2) is connected that the memory logic ( S 2) via outputs (SWh 1 ... SWhn, SWv 1 ... SWvn, X1 ... Xn, E1 ... En) with the multiplexers (M)
in number correspond to the partial information to be transmitted to the printer controller (DS)
(Carriage carriage advance SWh, platen advance SWv, positioning of the segment X and pressure energy E), wherein the outputs of the storage logic (S 2) connected to the multiplexers (M) have the maximum number for the
Formation of a closed character required segments correspond to the input side in the multiplexers (M)
And-gates are provided, to each of which one of the outputs of the memory logic (S 2) and one of its associated outputs (ti ... tn) of the sequencer (SG) is connected, wherein the signals at the outputs of the memory logic (S2) be delivered in parallel and at the outputs of the sequencer (SG) for sequence processing of the segments serially, that the outputs of the multiplexer (M) for the partial information "positioning of the segments (X)" and for
"Druckergie (E)" are directly connected to the printer controller (DS), while the outputs of the multiplexers (M) of the part information for the horizontal and vertical part movements once via an OR gate (V) connected to the printer control (DR) and on the other hand to negating Inputs of one adder each (ADD)
abutment, wherein the addition element (ADD) for the horizontal part movements on the input side additionally to the output <(SW) of the memory logic (S2) is connected, the outputs of the addition elements (ADD) are connected to one input of each And a member, at the other input the output (tn + 1) of the sequencer (SG) is applied and its output η is connected to the input of the OR element (V) which is assigned to the multiplexer (M) for the corresponding part information. 4. The circuit arrangement according to the items 2 and 3, characterized in that the order of storage of segments of a composite of segments character in the memory logic (S 2) is determined by the horizontal position within the character and they are stored accordingly that the Type Carriage is moved during de: multiple deduction in its sub-steps only in the writing direction. ' 5. Circuit arrangement according to the points 2 and 3, characterized in that when using a bilingual
Keyboard (T) markings are attached to the type carrier to switch the output of the buffer memory (S 1), depending on the font used on the memory logic (S 2) or the memory of another font. For this 1 page drawing and
this 2 pages tables