DD219757A5 - DUNGAER WITH LONG-TERM EFFECT AND PROGRAMMED DIET - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a fertilizer with a long-term effect and programmed Naehrstoffabgabe, characterized in that it contains all the nutrients required for the nutrition of plants a culture period in partially or completely umhuellter form and a method for its preparation and use.

Description

The invention relates to a fertilizer with long-term effect and programmed nutrient and a method for its preparation and use.

Characteristic of the known technical solutions

ι. '' ', -.

The optimal nutrition of cultivated plants must make use of the fact that each culture (species, variety) has a specific need in terms of quality and quantity of nutrients. General ^l, young plants are more sensitive to salt than older ones. As development proceeds, different demands are made on the type and amount of the individual macro- or micronutrients. ' ^L

So today it is horticultural cultural practice to apply the entire amount of fertilizer necessary for a certain cultural tour in partial doses. Hereby, the aim is to adapt the fertilizer distribution as precisely as possible to the culture-specific needs, to avoid harmful salt concentrations as well as shortage situations and finally to minimize fertilizer losses. It is recognized practice that many parts of different composition should therefore be administered for optimal culture management.

It follows that dissolved fertilizers for underglass cultures appear particularly suitable. Reasons are

Fully flexible sturability, possibility of fine adjustment of salt concentrations and demand-specific nutrient requirements. The gardener adapts the optimal range of numbers known to him for optimal supply of nutrients to the plants by "manual labor" as accurately as possible. .

Nevertheless, fluctuations in the nutrient supply can not be eliminated with this discontinuous manual fertilization technique. The more frequently the follow-up fertilizations take place, the more labor-intensive the methods are ·

Alternatively, costly and sensitive equipment is used to apply the fertilizer, operation and maintenance require a high level of training and high costs. «

To obtain a uniform nutrient supply over the whole or "over parts of the vegetation period fertilizers were developed, which release nutrients according to different mechanisms." Common to these formulations, however, is that none of them is able, from a single administration (interference in Substrate) at the beginning of the growth to supply the plants optimally over the entire course of culture with nutrients.,

Either the young plant stage is the target of the fertilizer formulation with insufficient supply of nutrients during the main crop period or the formulation is designed for the main crop period and the young plant is undersupplied "no fertilizer can do". Zt * to meet special requirements of the plant to the diet, which occur only during the culture period ·

.. "·;^·; · ^;.. · · -3 ';' -.

The undersupplied young plant means a sluggish start-up period in the first four weeks and leads to "lost culture time" · A particular problem of slow-release fertilizers, as they are offered on the market today, is the still barely solved question of the supply of trace elements and magnesium from such cultures This problem is particularly serious, since safe plant nutrition is only possible with uniform supply of sufficient quantities of harmoniously composed trace element mixtures and magnesium. The flow of these mixtures must be matched to the flow rate of the other nutrients.

Fertilizers that meet these requirements are unknown.

Object of the invention . , -.

The aim of the invention is to provide an improved long-lasting fertilizer which guarantees a uniform supply of nutrients over the entire growing season,

Explanation of the essence of the invention

The invention has for its object to provide a fertilizer available, the control of all controllable essential plant nutrients different, quickly deliver to the plants, each of these nutrients alone in delivery rate and delivery distribution different and separate from all other controllable and the entire nutrient supply at the end the culture period is consumed.

The object is achieved according to the invention by a fertilizer which is characterized in that it contains all the nutrients required for the nutrition of plants of a culture period in partially or completely

contains wrapper shape.

f '' - ':'.

Particular embodiments of this fertilizer are that this as nutrients, carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, chlorine, boron, molybdenum, sodium, silicon, cobalt and or aluminum, suitably in the form of their compounds, containing the nutrients with water-repellent agents from the group of paraffins, waxes, Utetallseifen, quaternary ammonium compounds, urea derivatives, fatty acid-modified resins, silicones and / or the perfluorinated organic compounds are coated such that the water repellent agent is iron palmitate, that the nutrients are coated with water-sparingly or water-swelling agents other than the group of polymers having water-wetting groups such that the water-sparingly or water-swelling agents are polymers with water-moistening groups, in that the water-wetting groups are hydroxyl, carboxyl, alkyl, cyano, chloro or fluoro groups, that the water-sparingly or water-swelling agents are polyvinyl alcohols, preferably with a residual acetyl content of 10 % , that the nutrients are coated with water-soluble agents from the group of inorganic compounds, that the water-sparingly-soluble compound is iron phosphate or calcium phosphate, that the nutrients are water-sparingly or water-swelling

Agents from the group of polymers with water-wetting groups or from the group of inorganic compounds and with water-repellent agents from the group of paraffins, waxes, metalloids, quaternary ammonium compounds, urea derivatives, fatty acid-modified resins, silicones and / or perfluorinated organic compounds that the water-repellent agent, the Bahrstoffe in a layer

"•8th -? thickness of 10 m to 10 m, preferably of.

, 1 · TO " ⁶ m to 2 ν 10 ~ ³ m

and that the water-sparingly or water-swelling agent, the nutrients in a layer thickness © of 10 m to 10 "m, preferably from 5 · 10" ^ m to 2: · 1O ^- ^ wrapped.

The invention further relates to a method for the programmed long-term release of nutrients for plants in soils by introducing fertilizers into the sheets, which is characterized in that the above-identified fertilizers are used, the nutrient flow depending on the respective development and / or the needs of the plants

The invention also relates to a method for programmed long-term release of nutrients for plants in substrates by introducing the labeled fertilizers in the substrates, that 'is characterized in that the Nährstofffluß targeted only after watering the substrate fertilizer mixtures.

Particular embodiments of this method represent that the nutrient flow targeted after watering the

Substrate fertilizer mixtures implements that a single application of fertilizer at the beginning of the initial application is sufficient for the particular needs of the plant; a period of cultivation that the control is adapted to the need for nutrients and / or to the development of the plants in such a way as to avoid over-fertilization and / or inadmissible leaching losses, that the fertilizers are used singly or in mixtures »

The fertilizer according to the invention is surprisingly able to offer any desired nutrient in the respectively necessary concentration of the plant at any time of growth.

The fertilizer according to the invention therefore has the particular advantage, in a single application, to ensure the so-called start, continuous and time entry in a programmed sequence. .

Under Startgäbe the application of a nutrient or nutrient mixture is understood here, which ensures the initial development of the plant without further treatment with respect to the right supply of the type and amount of all the necessary nutrients, taking into account (exploitation) of the salt tolerance of the respective culture.

Continuous administration means the application of a pre-treated nutrient or nutrient mixture, which evenly provides the nutrient © from the beginning of the application on the plant,

In the case of an appointment, a corresponding reserve is made

. ''- / V. ".". .. '"*^{7"' 'ν': V;}''.'''''.'''^;

Applied currency or nutrient mixture, the plant is only available at a certain later date.

This programmed nutrient delivery combines many benefits that can not be achieved by using the known fertilizers.

So fertilization can be carried out, for example bedarfabezogen by the nutrient release is set at the top and the zero needs of plants, which is possible with any of the known fertilizer · ^r

In this way, the different nutritional needs of plants during a period of culture can satisfy each optimally, causing damage to the plants by over-fertilization in times of great plants sensitivity or insufficient growth are advantageous by delivery of insufficient nourish off amounts during times of peak demand · "avoided as · (

The controllable release of the nutrient supply by means of the fertilizer according to the invention furthermore has the advantage of fully exploiting the yield potential of the plants even under climatically unfavorable conditions or on soils with low fertility.

Furthermore, opened by means of fertilizer according to the invention.steuerbare release of nutrient lueses ». the possibility of optimally satisfying the changing requirements with regard to the nutrient forms and their concentrations of a specific culture by a total amount of fertilizer added when sowing or dousing, which eliminates the risky, expensive and, in the case of incorrect termination, ineffective re-fertilization.

The release of nutrients controllable by means of the fertilizer according to the invention furthermore opens up the possibility of transferring substrates with the fertilizers long before they are used without having to expect high, already active salt contents at the beginning of use, since they are activated only when the substrates start to operate by watering the substrates , which can avoid salt shocks or salt damage ·

As fertilizer in the context of the invention are usable

- fertilizer powder,

- Crystalline fertilizer

- Granulated fertilizer

- Granulated coated fertilizer _s -Düngerstäbchen

- encapsulated fertilizer solutions or fertilizer suspensions ; "-

The fertilizers mentioned can be present as:

- Mineral fertilizers

- Mineral Compound Fertilizers

- Organic mineral fertilizers>

- Organic fertilizer, '' '

- trace nutrients

- Combination of the aforementioned components

t _i '

Fertilizers include any pretreatment, such as slow release fertilizers of plant nutrients, of which sparingly soluble salts, polymeric nutrient compounds and natural and synthetic

see carrier chemically or physically bound nutrients are exemplary to call ·

The fertilizer according to the invention is produced in a manner known per se, for example by introducing the fertilizer to be influenced in its nutrient release into an aggregate suitable for the respective type of treatment, such as a rotary drum or a granulating disc or a fluidized bed apparatus the treatment agent is added such that the fertilizer is completely and sufficiently uniformly coated to the desired layer thickness or the treatment agent in a suitable aggregate, such as a rotary drum or a granulating dish, presents and according to the invention in its nutrient release to be influenced fertilizer enters such that the Fertilizer is completely and sufficiently uniformly coated with the desired layer thickness.

As water-repellent and / or water-sparingly or water-swelling agents can be used in detail:

Paraffins, expediently having a Schmelzbereion of 40 to 250 ⁰ G, preferably hard paraffin with a melting range above 55 ⁰ C;

Waxes, such as beeswax, spermaceti, caraauba wax;

Metal soaps, such as, for example, Mg, Ca, Pe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Zr or Al salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or oleic acid, preferably Mg, Ca, Fe, , Al or Zr salts of palmitic acid; "

quaternary ammonium dependents, such as octa

decycloxy-ethylpyridinium chloride or N-methyl-W-stearoyl «

amidomethylenpyridiniumchlorid}

grease-modified synthetic resins; such as condensates of monododecyl urea-formaldehyde Vbrkonzentrat or Hexamethyloylmelaminäther modified with lauric acid, palmitic acid and / or stearic acid;

Urea derivatives such as octadecyl ethylene urea

Melamine derivatives;

ι. , ~

Polysiloxanes such as hydrogenmethylpolysiloxane and dimethylpolysiloxane;

Pluorcarbonpolymerisate such as 1,1-Dihydroperfluoroctylpolyacrylsäureesterj

Alginates, such as potassium alginate;

Gelatin;

casein;

Polysaccharides such as starch, cellulose, cellulose derivatives such as ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and mixtures thereof, pectins, xanthans;

polyvinyl alcohols; ''. ,

polyvinyl acetates;

, ·. · _Λ. · ·. -11- '. · ':. .. ·. , ··: ·. '. '. ·

polyvinyl ether; polyvinylpyrrolidones; polyacrylates; ·

Clay minerals such as bentonite, illite, attapulgite; Metal oxides, such as, for example, iron oxide hydrate, magnesium oxide; Metal phosphates, such as calcium phosphate, iron phosphate;

Polyphosphates, such as Kurrolaches salt; Metal silicates, such as Üi'Image Kaliwasserglas; preferably partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetates, gelatin, iron oxide hydrates, calcium phosphate

¹

The application of the layers takes place in layers of 10 m to 10 ~ ^c m, in particular from 1 · 10 m to 2 · 10 "" m.

The treatment agents are applied as individual components themselves, in solution or as an emulsion and also combined as a multicomponent system.

The fertilizer according to the invention is advantageously applied in the form of a mixed granulate.

As granules, built-up granules, pressed granules (chips, pellets), natural crystals etc. can be used.

As chemical components mentioned above, all chemical compounds having a fertilizer effect are suitable. In particular, all known H-P-K and trace element-containing inorganic salts, metal chelate, belong to this category.

Trace elements in other organic bonding, urea-aldehyde condensates, urea phosphate, carbohydrates,; Biweiße, peptides and amino acid »

With regard to the flow properties, advantageously the following division can be made:

1. Compounds with good dissolution rate in water.

2. compounds which have a more or less good dissolution rate because of their chemical nature, such as Galcium magnesium phosphates, silicates, carbonates and urea-aldehyde condensates _e

3. Compounds whose solubility properties can be affected by physical treatment, such as by

Impregnate,

Embedding in resin matrix and

Envelop with synthetic resins.

The physical methods mentioned can be applied to the granules of the individual compounds as well as to their ^! Mixtures are applied. Using these treatment options, it is possible that, for each nutrient element relevant in plant nutrition, the time of onset of action and the subsequent effect duration q / are targeted. >

The basic granules pretreated in this way are finally combined to form a final mixture whose fertilizing effect

can be tailored to the specific needs of a specific culture or culture. Thus, according to the invention, for the first time a "complete fertilizer" ^J '- can be programmed so that it can meet the different nutritional requirements quite specifically for different stages of development *''' ·. '' . - \

embodiment

The following examples serve to illustrate the invention:

Example 1 ; Preparation of the start

The constituents (for example Formulation 1, Formulation 2, Formulation 3, Formulation 4) of the starting fertilizer preparation to be produced are homogeneously mixed in finely crystalline to pulverulent form (particle size max., 1 mm). This mixture is compacted into slugs between roller presses. The slugs are comminuted and fractionated. The starting result is a good grain fraction with a grain size between 1.5 and 4 mm. · -.

Table 1: Exemplary compositions of fertilizers "" Started with phosphate emphasis and variation of nitrogen forms as well as a nitrogen boost.

Ingredients %.

Rez, * 1

Rez. * 2

Rec. 3 Rez, 4

ammonium nitrate mm 6.1 9.5 36.9 urea condensate - . ' - 3.3 urea .5,0 - - - Monoarnmoniumphosphat '38.0 38.0 20.5 9.0 diammonium phosphate 9.2 9.2 23.1 12.0 potassium nitrate 10.0 10.0 \ 13,0 13.5 potassium sulphate 10.8 9.8 13.0 · 17.7 magnesium phosphate 21.3 21.3 3.0 magnesium sulfate 1.0 1.0 17.1 3.8 trace elements 3.2. 3.2 3.8 0.8 auxiliaries' 1.5 1.4 - ' ^:

Ratio NP ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O-MgO

10-34-10-8

10-34-9-8

12-25-12-5

19-10-12-7

Rez. S »Formulation Example 2; Production of continuous delivery

The constituents (for example formulation 5 ', formulation 6, formulation 7, formulation 8, formulation 9, formulation 10) of the fertilizer delivery to be prepared are prepared as described in Example 1 or otherwise made into pieces. The good grain fraction is mixed in a fluidized bed apparatus in lacquer mixture dissolved in white spirit, based on drying oil, until the rate of dissolution of the nutrients has been reduced to the desired level.

Table 2: Exemplary composition of fertilizers! Constant: Nitrogen-phosphate-potassium balanced with magnesium ', nitrogen-potassium balanced, nitrogen-stressed, potassium-concentrated nitrogen »potassium balanced with phosphate, nitrogen-potassium balanced with magnesium ·

Ingredients % Rez. 5 Rez. 6 Rez. 7 Rez. 8 Rez. 9 Rez.

ammonium nitrate 34.0 45.0 79.3 10.0 45, Q mm 4 Aminonium sulfate at 7.8 - 17.2 MM \ I, urea ^; - ; - , · - -    , .-. Diamonium- 7 6 phosphate 26.0 , - 10.0 32 5 potassium nitrate MM. 35.0 20.7 22.8 26.5 10 potassium sulphate 34.0 '12, 2 - 50.0 18.5 12 Magnesulfate 6.0 -  Μ "Μ • Wed.

Ratio 22-0-22 10-0-35 25-0-20-4

WP ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O-MgO 17-14-17-a 30-0-9 21-5-21

& Rez. = Recipe

Example 3? Preparation of the date entry

The ingredients (for example Recipe 11, Recipe 12, Recipe 13, Recipe 14, Recipe 15) of the fertilizer feed to be prepared are as described in Examples 1 and 2 or otherwise primed. The granules which have been treated in this way are mixed with an aqueous coating solution or suspension in a fluidized bed apparatus or a rotary drum, the

Main constituents are water-soluble and / or water-swelling substances, such as, for example, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose ethers, gelatin, polysaccharides, alginates, etc. Finally, the coating is provided with a hydrophobic finish, such as, for example, paraffins, waxes, calcium and iron soaps, faded-modified urea-formaldehyde condensates , Siloxanes, etc. The type and amount of the coating is determined by the time when the uniform release of nutrients is required «

Table 3: Exemplary composition of detergent

Dates: Nitrogen-phosphate potassium balanced with magnesium, nitrogen-stressed with phosphate and potassium, nitrogen-potassium balanced, nitrogen-stressed with potassium and magnesium, potassium-stressed

^: ;. _; '-17-. ν. ; ,

Ingredients% Rez * 11 Rez * 1.2 Rez. ^ 13 Rez * 14

Ammoniiamn.it rat 30.1 55.6 ammonium sulfate 3.8 11.7 Diammonium phosphate 3.2   9.0 Monoammonium phosphate 17.4 - urea 5.5 - potassium sulphate 33.2 23.7 potassium nitrate - - Magnesum sulphate - - magnesium phosphate 3.0 magnesia 3.8 -

45.0 - 24.7

4.3

65.4

8.3 - 71.0

46.7 22.0

12.6

Ratio 14-13-16-4 22-0-25 10-0-35

NP ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O-MgO 23-5-12 33-0-iO-4

Rez. = Recipe

Example 4 Γ Herateilung a culture-specific fertilizer mixture

The fertilizers prepared separately according to Examples 1, 2 and 3 are mixed in a container, for example a Nauta mixer, rotary drum, in such a way that damage to the granule surfaces is avoided. The mixing time depends on the mixing unit and on the proportions of the individual components. The mixing ratios of the individual constituents are to be determined by correlation of plant requirement and supply curve. The variation of the supply cuive of three defined fertilizer components are shown in Tables 4 and 5,

-18-A's exemplary blend component are selected:

A. Start: Rez. * 4: 19-10-12-7 (2 - 4 mm)

B. Continuous: Rez «* 9 *. 21-5-21 (2 - 4 mm)

94 % + 6 % coating with lacquer based

Dry oils from 50%

'White spirit solution in the vortex

layer,.

G. Terniingabe: Rez. * 15: 10-0-35 (2 - 4 mm) 50 %

+ 4 % ^ round coating ^ lacquer based

dry oils from 5% (by weight) white spirit solution in the fluidised bed,>

+ 46 % appointment coating off

45.5 % outer wrapper at 5%

aqueous dispersion in the rotary

trommei

- consisting of

Binder: 3 parts of j (sugar: PB wax 2: 1); 'Swelling agents: 1.5 parts

(Cellulose ether: polyvinyl alcohol: starch like 2: 1: 3)? Hydrophobizing agent: 1 part (Ca stearate) and. Filler: 1 part (silica

and 0.5% finish, dry Fe palmitate in the rotary drum

k oo ^:

Rez. * Recipe

Table 4: Variation of supply accuracy at 10% yield and variation of fertilizer balance between continuous and time entry

Days 1: 0: 9 1 M: 8

O 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60

0.00 8.00 2.08 1.00 1.17 1.89 3.78 5.22 7.11 9.36 11.25 12.78 11.61 9.72 6.03 4.14

0.00 9.64 4.16 2.60 2.24 2.56 3.96 5.12 6.68 8.56 10.16 11.52 10.44 8.76 5.44 3.76

Mix relation - start 1: 2: 7 . 1; 3; 6 1: 4: 5

duration

0.00 11.28 6.24 4.20 3.31 3.23 4.14 5.02 6.25 7.76 9.07 10.26

9,27 7,80 4,85 3,38

Cf / O

1: 5: 4 1: 6t3

Of Oj

Appointment : 7: 2

0.00 12.92 8.32 5.80 4.38 3.90 4.32 4.92 5.82 6.96 7.98 9.00 8.10

6.48 4.26 3.00

0,00 14,56 10,40 7,40 5,45 4,57 4,50 4,82 5,39 6,16

6,89 7,74 6,93 5,88 3,67

0.00 16.20 12.48

5.24 4.68 4.72 4.96 5.36 5.80 6.48 5.76 4.92 3.08 2.24 0.00 0.00

17,84 19,48 14,56 16,64

Ίθ, 60 12.20, 7.59, 8.66, 5.91, 4.86, 4.62, 4.53, 4.56

4.71 5.22 4.59 3.96

2.49 1.86

6,58 5,04 4,52 4,10 3,76 3,62 3,96 3,42 3,00 1,90 1,48

1: 8: 1 1: 0: 0

0,00 21,12. 18.72 J 3.80 9.73 7.25 5.22 4.42 3.67 2.96 2.53 2.70 2.27 2.04 1.31 1.10

0.00

22.76

20.80

15.40

10,80

7.92

5.40

4.32

3.24

2.16

1.44 1.44 1.08 1.08 0.72 0.72

Continuation of Table 4

1: 0: 9 1: 1: 8 1: 2: 7 1: 3: 6 1: 4: 5 1: 5: 4 1: 6: 3 1: 7: 2 1: 8: 1

64 2.97 2.68 2.39 2.10 1.81 1.52 1.23 0.94 0.65 0.36

68 1.53 1.40 1.27 1.14 1.01 0.88 0.75 0.62 0.49 0.36

72 0.36 0.32 0.28 0.24 0.20 O, 16 0.12 0.08 0.04 0.00

76 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 ^ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Components: long-term administration with output maximum at TO days produced in accordance with ^EXAMPLE 2

Terrain input with maximum charge at 44 days, prepared according to Example 3

: '>. ^Ί ·. ^: '

Table 5: Variation of the supply curve at 20 % start and variation of the remaining fertilizer quantity between continuous delivery and time entry

, Mixture relation - ^ tart: Duration: Appointment

days 2: 0: 8 2: t: 7 2: 2: 6 2: 3: 5 2: 4: 4 2: 5: 3 2: 6: 2 2: 7: 1 2: 8: 0 0  >. 0.00 % 0.00 OjOO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00 4 16.00 17.64 19.28 20.92 22.56 24,20 25.84 27.48 29.12 8th 3.76 5.84 7.92 10.00 12.08 14.16 16,24 18,32 20.40 12 1.20 2.80 4.40 6.00 7.60 desmycosin 9,20 10,80 12.40 14.00 16 1.04 2.11 3.18 4.25 5.32 6.39 7.46 8.53 9.60 20 1.68 2.35 3.02 3.69 4.36 5.03 5.70 6.37 7.04 24 3.36 3.54 3.72 3.90 4.08 , 4,26 4.44 4.62 4.80 28 4.64 4.54 4.46 4.34 4.24 4.14 4,04 3.94 3.84 32 6.32 5.89 '5,46 5.03 4.60 4.17 3.74 3.31 2.88 36 8.32 7.52 ⁶ »72 5.92 5.12 4.32 3.52 2.72 1.92 40 10.00 8.91 7.82 6.73 5.64 4.55 3.46 2.37 1.28 44 11.36 10.10 8.84 7.58 6.32 5.06 3.80 2.54 1.28 48 10.32 9.15 7.98: 6.81 5.64 4.47 3.30 2.13 0.96 52 8.64 7.68 6.72 5.76 4.80 3.84 2.88 1.92 0.96 56 5.36 4.77 4.18 3.59 3.00 2.41 1.82 1.23 0.64 60 3.68 3.30 2.92 2.54. 2.16 1.78 1.40 1.02 0.64

Continuation of Table 5

days 2: 0: 8 2: 1: 7 2: 2: 6 2: 3 ^ 5 2: 4: 4 2: 5: 3 2: ι 6: 2 2: 7: 1 2: 8: 0 % ; % % % ο / /O % 0 % % % 64 2.64 2.35 2.06 1.77 1.48 1.19 0 90 0.61 0.32 68 1.36 1.23 1.10 0.97 0.84 0.71 0 , 58 0.45 0.32 72 0.32 0.28 0.24 0.20 0.16 0.12 0 , 08 0.04 0.00 76 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 00 0.00 - 0.00

Components: Continuous delivery with delivery maximum at 10 days according to Example 2 Po

Deadline with delivery maximum at 44 days according to example 3 ^l

Example 5; Comparison of a Fertilizer According to the Invention with a Fertilizer of the Prior Art on Yellow Chrysanthemums Yellow Delaware Table S and Paprika Rumba Table 7.

As fertilizers according to the prior art were used:

Fertilizer A: Long-term fertilizer with emphasis on young plant nutrition of composition 20 * 10-15-4 »Mechanism of long-term effects on biolo-; based on chemical degradation.

Fertilizers B: Long-term fertilizer with emphasis on the lasting effect

composition 15-12.-1.5 ·, based on mechanism of long-term effect on membrane envelopes.

In contrast, the fertilizer according to the invention having the following composition C: slow-release fertilizer was tested

25 % starting in accordance with Example 1, recipe no. 4 » 63 fa continuous delivery according to Example 2, recipe, Wr. 5, with 10 % coating amount of 50 % white spirit solution based on dry-oil oils in the rotary drum, for continuous delivery in 100 days, 2 % time input according to Example 3, recipe no. 15, treatment as described in Example 4, with a maximum of 44 days. At wrapping material a total of 10 % are used *

Table 6; Soil analyzes and shoot scores on pot chrysanthemums "Yellow Delaware" at

different fertilization

Soil analyzes by days: 1/14/20/40/53/09

Fertilization 900 mg N / l

Dose salt / 1 '(kg / m- ³ )

mg N / l

mg

Shoot monitorings

mg / KpO / 1 after 70 days 30 days for sale PT maturity

PT LA PX

Fertilizers ^ ₅ 2140/1870/2010/339/554/538/445/470/381/850/787/544 / A 20-10-15 1120/930/980 148/25/36 232/162/36 96 / 38/22

'Eav

B)) 15-12-15 6.O94O / 121O / 1100/222/279/216/104/110/123/144/209/108 /

750/980/1660 46/20/56 78/72/95 32/92/119

82 78 82

1500/1640/1680/229/454/403/212/323/292/328/436/368 / 920/1100/1360 79/14/58 117/149/176 52/104/139

32

) β, for example 83 of max * 100 achievable points

a Yersuohsglied additionally contains 100 g trace elements / nr substrate PT a growth performance LA β flower development

PX = general condition} this score at the time of the skill of sale includes the criteria growth performance, shoot habit, quality of the leaves and flowers as well as

Flowers quantity ·

Table 7: Soil analysis and fruit yield on paprika "Rumba" with different fertilization soil analyzes by days: 1/18/31/55/75/100 "

Fertilization dose rag salt / 1 mg Ή / 1 mg PgO, - / 1 mg / kg / l fruit yield

- absolutely relative

Fertilizers A A _{830/1740/961/131/371/174/363/331/216/292/280/77} / cc inn

20-10-5 ⁴ * 680/960/380 74/65/20 187/128/88 22/34/18 ^OD . ιυυ

Fertilizer .,. _{760/1350/1301/92/213/196/67/145/164/74/128/96} / _fi7 mi ^

B ^x ) 15-12-15 1120/1470/620 126/146/56 161/198/131 168/218/77 _ ^{Λ ΊΊ} &

Fertilizers G - _η 900/1260/1207/144/211/189/259/241/304/158/190/104 / 16-11-14 ^ * 710/800/660 57/96/91 132/157/226 56 / £ 6/73

112

") = Experimental member additionally contains 100 g of trace elements / m substrate

Claims (7)

1, fertilizers with long-term effect and programmed nutrient release, characterized in that it contains all the nutrients required for the nutrition of plants of a culture period in partially or completely enveloped form, ' 2. Fertilizer according to item 1, characterized in that it can be used as nutrients, carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, chlorine, boron, molybdenum, sodium, silicon , Cobalt and / or aluminum, expediently in the form of their compounds. 3 fertilizer according to item 1, characterized in that the nutrients with water-repellent agents from the group of paraffins, the waxes, the Metallseifenj the quaternary ammonium compounds, the urea derivatives, the fatty acid-modified resins, the silicones and / or the perfluorinated organic compounds wrapped are· 4, fertilizer according to point 3, characterized in that the water-repellent agent is iron palmitate. 5, fertilizers according to item!, Characterized in that the nutrients are enveloped with water-sparingly or in water-swelling agents from the group of polymers with wasserbehetzenden groups » G, fertilizer according to point 5, characterized in that the water-sparingly or water-swelling agents are polymers with water-wetting groups, 7, fertilizers according to point 5 and 6, characterized in that the water-wetting groups are hydroxyl, carboxyl · *, Aikylester- * cyano, chloro or fluoro groups. 8, fertilizers according to items 5 and 6, characterized in that the water-thickening or water-swelling agents are polyvinyl alcohols, preferably with a residual acetyl content of 10 % , 9i fertilizer according to item 1, characterized in that the nutrients are enveloped with water-sparingly soluble agents from the group / inorganic compounds * 10, fertilizer according to item 9, characterized in that the water-sparingly soluble compound is iron phosphate or calcium phosphate, 11, fertilizer according to item 1, characterized in that the nutrients with water-sparingly and / or water-swelling agents from the group of polymers with water-wetting groups or from the group of inorganic compounds and with water-repellent 'agents from the group of paraffins, the waxes metallic soaps, quaternary ammonium compounds, urea derivatives, fatty acid-modified resins, silicones and / or perfluorinated organic compounds, 12, 'fertilizer according to point 3 », characterized in that the water-repellent agent contains the nutrients in one <-8 '' -2 '' 'layer thickness of 10 m to 10 m, preferably from 1 × TO "" ⁶ m to 2 × 10 " ³ m enveloped. 13. Fertilizer according to item 5, characterized in that the water-sparingly or in water-swelling agent, the nutrients in a layer thickness of 10 "m to 10 m, preferably from 5 x 10 ^ m to 2 x 10 ^J m wrapped. 14. A method for the programmed long-term release of nutrients for plants in soils by introducing fertilizers into the soil, characterized in that fertilizers are used according to the items 1 to 13, wherein the nutrient flow depending on the respective development and / or needs of Plants take place « 15. A method for the programmed long-term release of nutrients for plants in substrates by introducing fertilizers into substrates, characterized in that fertilizers are used according to the items 1 to 13, wherein the nutrient flow deliberately begins after watering the substrate fertilizer mixtures · 16. A method for programmed long-term delivery of nutrients to plants on substrates, characterized in that fertilizers are used according to the items 1 to 13, wherein a single fertilizer application at the beginning of the plant growth is sufficient for the respective needs of the plant of a culture period, 17. A method for the controlled release of nutrients for plants on substrates ^, characterized in that fertilizers are used according to the items 1 to 13, wherein the control of the nutrient requirement and / or the development of the plants is adapted so that overfertilization and / or Inadmissible eyewash losses, be avoided. 18. A method for the production of fertilizers according to items 1 to 13, characterized in that the bungee to be influenced in its nutrient release is treated in a manner suitable for the respective type of treatment. "suitable aggregate presents and mixed with the treatment agent such that the fertilizer is fully and sufficiently uniformly coated to the desired layer * thickness or that presents the treatment agent in a suitable aggregate and the invention in his Nährstöffreisetzung according to the invention to be influenced fertilizer enters such that the fertilizer is completely and uniformly coated with the desired layer thickness, 19. A process for the preparation of fertilizers, characterized in that the fertilizers are used in accordance with items 1 to individually or in mixtures * ^