CZ76394A3 - Fuel for compression ignition engines - Google Patents

Description

Diesel fuel

Technical field

The present invention relates to a fuel P which is environmentally friendly and which does not cause harmful emissions.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A number of diesel fuels that meet fuel requirements, especially ecologically, are currently known. The production of these fuels is usually more expensive than the production of fuels so far used, in some cases the raw materials for the production of these fuels are more unavailable than the raw materials for the production of conventional fuels.

It would therefore be desirable to propose other environmentally friendly diesel fuels, in particular those fuels for which the raw materials would be readily available and which would be comparable in price to conventional fuels, in addition, these fuels should be readily biodegradable.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a new fuel of the above type.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a diesel fuel comprising 10 to 90% by weight of rapeseed oil methyl ester (RME) and 90 to 10% by weight of the SSW petroleum fraction, a low-sulfur and aromatic fraction commonly sold under the name Softsol W ( OMV Aktiengesellschaft, Austria).

In a preferred embodiment, the fuel of the invention comprises 30 to 40% by weight of rapeseed oil methyl ester and 60 to 70% by weight of the SSW petroleum fraction.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be explained by way of example of parts of the application which show the results of tests with a fuel according to the invention and a fuel of a similar type containing a petroleum fraction SSS.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

1. MATERIALS

The following table lists the mixtures used to determine the chemical composition and to monitor physical quantities:

ozn. sample SSV content in wt. % RME content in wt. % ozn. sample SSS content in wt. % RME content in wt. % mixture ZL 100.0 • 0.0 ZLA mixture 100.0 0.0 mixture WITH 90.0 10.0 mixture 2.A 90.0 10.0 mixture 3 80.0 20.0 mixture 3 A 80.0 20.0 mixture 4 70.0 30.0 mixture of -4-A 70.0 30.0 mixture 3 65.0 35.0 mixture SA 65.0 35.0 mixture 6 60.0 40.0 mixture 6A 60.0 40.0 mixture ~ 7 50.0 50.0 mixture 7A 50.0 50.0 mixture WITH 40.0 60.0 mixture SA 40.0 60.0 mixture 30.0 70.0 mixture 9A 30.0 70.0 mixture ZL O 20.0 80.0 mixture ZL O A 20.0 80.0 mixture mixture □. ZLIL 2 10.0 0.0 90.0 100.0 mixture ZLILA 10.0 90.0

The following xyxo analyzes, tests and tests were performed:

1. Chemical composition of samples RME, SSV and SSS (samples 12, 1 and 1a), determination of macroelemenxes (H, C, S, N, 0 - dopo), some microelemenxes (Cl, Ni, Cr and V) Q _s and the calorific value Q Q.

2. Dependence of Hxoxox samples 1 - 12 and ΙΑ - 11A on xeplox.

Dependentx dynamic viscosity of samples 1 to heatx.

and 1A

11A na

4. Determination of xeploxy deposition of paraffins and xuhnux for samples 1 - 12 and ΙΑ - 11A.

5. Determination of flash point of samples 1 - 12 and ΙΑ - 11A in a closed crucible according to Pensky-Marxens.

6. Determination of deselation curves RME, SSV, SSS, ND1 (vz.5) and ND2 (vz. 5A).

7. Laboratory determination of cexane number of RME, SSV, SSS, ND1 (vz.5) and ND2 (vz. 5A) samples.

8. Calculation of specific emissions and comparison with limits.

2, Results of analyzes, tests and determination

2.1. Chemical composition of the sample

Chemical analyzes were performed only for pure RME samples.

Sofxsol V and Sofxsól S. Macroelemenxy (H,

C,

S, N, O - dopocx) from microelemenxes (Cl, Ni, Cr and V. Evaluation of Cl, Ni, Cr was performed for the reason that RME contamination is the most likely Cl from non-centralizing HCl, Ni, Cr from xechnical hydroxide; as an accompanying element. petroleum products. Further, the combustible xeplo Qg and the calorific value xx were determined. The results (original sxav) are shown in the following overview.

RME Sofxsol V. Sofxsol S (wt%) water IN 0.00 0.00 0.00 ash AND 0.0009 0.0001 0.0011 hydrogen H 12.69 14.88 14.76 carbon C 79.44 84.45 84.78 sulfur org. s _o 0.007 0.011 0.012 nitrogen N 0.010 0.010 0.020 oxygen ° D 7.852 0.649 0.427 chlorine Cl 0.0070 · 0.0080 0.0030 nickel Ni • 0.000001 «0.000001 0.000002 chrome Cr 0.0000005 »0.0000005 • 0.0000005 vanadium IN 0.0000103 »0.0000005 0.0000015 (MJ / kg) properties Sp. xeplo ^Q s 41.88 46.15 46.65 calorific valuex Q? 39.11 42.90 43.43

«

Note

mean scattered values are less than the xoxo number, which limits the value of the sensitivity of the analytic Mexico

2.2. Dependence of density on temperature

Determination of density of mixtures was performed pycnometrically, density of mixtures at individual temperatures are given in Annexes 1 and 2. These dependencies were processed graphically and are in Fig. 1 and 2. Dependence of density on composition of mixtures for individual temperatures was processed linear regression as mathematical dependence:

1. For RME and SSV mixtures f (0 ° C) «858.8 - 0.876-x _n ? (15 ° C) «849.1 0.875 - x _n (20 ° C)» 846.2 - 0.874 »x _n (30 ° C) = 839.7 - 0.881« x _n (40 ° C) = 832.4 - 0.880 «x _n

2.

where density is in kg / m ³

Xjq is the mass fraction

For RME and SSS? (0 ° C) = 858.6 - 0.728-x _N f (15 ° C) »848.9 - 0.715 · χ _ν f (20 ° C) = 846.3 - 0.725-x _N (30 ° C) - 839.4 - 0.721-x _N

(reliability 99.89 %) (reliability 99.91 %) (reliability 99.91 %) (reliability 99.90 %) (reliability 99.85 %)

SSV in mixture in wt. % (confidence 99.94%) (confidence 99.87%) (confidence 99.93%) (confidence 99.89%) (40 ° C) = 832.8 - 0.727 · χ _ν (confidence 99.89%) where density in kg / m 'cjq is the mass fraction SSS in mixture in wt. %

2.3. Dependence of dynamic viscosity of mixtures on temperature.

Determination of viscosity was performed in accordance with ČSN 656216, except that a Hoppler viscometer was used instead of the types of viscometers enumerated here. These dependencies were processed graphically and are shown in Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6. The dependence of density on the composition of mixtures for individual temperatures was processed by linear regression as mathematical dependencies:

1.

For mixtures of RME and SSV where (0 ° C) = (15 ° C) = (20 ° C) = (30 ° C) (40 ° C) «ζη is ^X N J ' ^e

exp (1.9751 - 0.0167 «x ^) (reliability exp (1.4465 - 0.0142 «Xjq) (reliability 0.2176 + 7.468 «10 ^{3 3} _N x _N (reliability 0.3130 + 8.989 · 10 ' ³ · χ _Ν (reliability 0.4679 + 9.677 · 10 ³ _Ν (reliability dynamic viscosity in mPa.s.

mass fraction of SSV in the mixture in wt.

%)

%)

96)

2.

For RME and SSS mixtures

7 (0 ° C) = exp (2.0 H2 - 0.0131 · χ _Ν ) (reliability 99 7 (15 ° C) = exp (1.4960 0.01 0.0116 x x _n ) (reliability 99 7 (20 ° C) = exp (1.3304 - Ο.Ο112 · χ _Ν ) (reliability 99 ¹ / Λ) (30 ° C) = 0.3360 + 6.198 · 10 “ ³ * x _N (reliability 99 1 // Tj (40 ° C) = 0.4638 + 7.731-10 ³ x _n (reliability 99 where / Tj is the dynamic viscosity in mPa.s

Xjq is the mass fraction of SSS in the mixture in the digest. %

%)

%)

%)

%)

%)

The linear regression method was also used to process the dependence of dynamic viscosity on temperature for individual mixtures. The resulting relation for this semiempirical dependence (Guzman-Andrade equation) ln ('η) = A + B / T, where nj is the dynamic viscosity in mPa.s, A and B are constants, T is the absolute temperature in K.

Constants given in

A and B and the confidence limits for Appendix 3.

the individual mixtures are

2.4. Determination of paraffin deposition temperature and freezing point

Determination of the point and deposition temperature 656160. All these are given in Annexes No. a and Fig. 7 and solidification was carried out according to ČSN 656167 paraffins were determined according to ČSN measured temperatures are for individual mixtures 1 and 2. Dependencies were processed graphically

8.

2.5. Determined flash point in closed crucible according to

Pensky-Martens

The flash point determination according to Pensky and Martens was carried out according to ČSN 656064 and the results are shown in Annexes 1 and 2, and are graphically shown in Fig. 9. These results are corrected for standard barometric pressure of 101.3 kPa.

2.6. Distillation tests

Distillation curves for RME (vz. 12), Sofxsol V (vz. 1), Sofxsol S (vz. ΙΑ), Naxurdiesell (vz. 5) and Naxurdiesel2 (vz. 5A) were determined according to ČSN 65 6175. 10 and 11. The distillation origins and ends and distillation averages are also shown in Appendix 4.

2.7. Laboratory determination of cetane number

Cetane number was determined by laboratory according to ČSN 65 6187 for rapeseed methyl ester RME (vz.12), Softsol V (vz. 1), Softsol S (vz. ΙΑ), Naturdiesell (vz. 5) and Naturdiesel2 (vz. 5A), because the necessary data, density and mean distillation temperature were known for its determination.

For Softsol V, the cetane number was determined as an orientation, because the calculation of the cetane number according to ČSN 656187 assumes a correction for the average distillation diameter from at least 200´C. Since this temperature was lower and the resulting correction was determined by linear extrapolation, this result cannot be considered accurate. Therefore, cetane numbers have not been established for other mixtures

Cetane numbers are given in Appendix 4.

3. Calculation of specific emissions and comparison with limits

In order to evaluate fuel 2 in terms of possible emissions, the contents of the monitored crayfish constituents were compared, as stipulated by generally binding regulations. As the most important factor for determining the usability of the fuel is the maximum sulfur content of the fuel for slugs. This content according to § 37 of FMD Decree No. 41/84 Coll. Of 30.4.1984 on the conditions of road traffic since 1 January 1987 was 2 g S / kg of fuel (0.2 wt.%), But this limix was tightened amendment of Section 37 by Decree FMD 248/91 Coll. from 30.5.1991, editions ed. FMD No. 41/84 Coll., To 0.3 g S / kg of diesel (0.03 wt.%). All evaluated samples - rapeseed methyl ester, Softsol V and Softsol S - meet these limits. So do their mixtures.

Furthermore, the formal composition of the flue gas was recalculated and these results were compared with the emission limits generally valid according to Annex No. 3 of the FVŽP Decree of September 1, 1991 and June 23, 1992 to Act No. 309/1991 Coll. on air protection against pollutants.

, Conversion of the ÚVP is based on the assumptions that all ash in the fuel is expressed as dust, all organic sulfur goes into the flue gas as SO2, nitrogen from the fuel is 100% converted to NO ₂ (although in reality it is less), chlorine is expressed as HCl. The amount of flue gas was determined both as flue gas damp from stoichiometric combustion and as dry flue gas with 3% oxygen content in the flue gas.

4. Conclusion

Some of the selected paramexes for RME, Sofxsol V, Sofxsol S. Naxurdieselul and Naxurdiesel2 are summarized in Appendix 6.

The chemical composition of RME + Sofxsol V, RME + Sofxsol S has no effect on the emission emissions. Concentration of polluting substances in the flue gas complies generally with the emission limits set out in Annex No. 3 to the FVŽP Regulations of September 1, 1991 and June 23, 1992 to Act No. 309/1991 Coll. on air protection against polluting substances.

An additional increase in emissions (NO ₂ , CO and unburnt hydrocarbons) results from the operation of the diesel moxor and is by no means the fuel of the fuel.

Due to the low aromatic content, the RME + Softsol S mixture and the RME + Softsol W mixture are very biodegradable.

Claims (2)

PATENT TITLE OK Y 1. A diesel fuel comprising 10 to 90% by weight of rapeseed oil methyl ester and 90 to 10% by weight of an SSW petroleum fraction. Fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains 30 to 40% by weight of rapeseed oil methyl ester and 60 to 70% by weight of SSW petroleum fraction.