CZ72994A3 - Process of drying and firing raw pressings of bricks and apparatus for making the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The subject of the invention is a process for drying and firing green bricks in one operation, in which the green bricks, after pressing, are put directly onto a hearth car and then transported through a combined drying and firing oven (kiln). In order also to be able to dry and fire economically, and in one pass, large-sized green bricks produced by the soft-pressing process, the green bricks (1) are stacked on the hearth car in a plurality of layers (1a, 1b, 1c) and the individual layers are spaced apart from one another by interposed perforated insertion elements (2). Uniform airing of the mutually facing bearing surfaces is thus guaranteed. The insertion elements are preferably designed in the form of rods with a perforation. <IMAGE>

Description

Process for drying and firing raw moldings - c-iheia apparatus for carrying out this method.

Technical field

The present invention relates to a method for drying and firing green brick moldings in a process, wherein the wet green brick moldings after molding are placed on a kiln trolley and subsequently transported by a combined dryer and baking oven.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Drying and firing of brick bricks in the brick industry is usually carried out on different workplaces and on spatially separated parts of the building. Between individual objects, the bricks must be reloaded, stored, stacked in different arrangements and subjected to intermediate processing. but additional transport means, grouping devices, planters, etc. are required to increase the cost of the final product.

Furthermore, control devices are also necessary for the timing of the individual work processes, which are also expensive and, moreover, often breakdown.

Finally, the energy of the furnaces is also poorly used, since the drying and baking furnace must be independently heated and operated.

In order to improve the overall efficiency of the apparatus, it is known to stack the solid material of the extruded raw moldings onto the kiln trolleys and pass through the drying and firing kiln without interruption and without reloading. However, this method can only be used in small size These bricks have a small proportion of openings, 0 to 10%, and are compacted so that they can be stacked in several layers on top of each other in kilns without risk of deformation and further processed as described.

For large-sized brick moldings, this method is still unusable, since such brick moldings are made with a higher proportion of holes, 20 to 50%, which is only possible when pressed from a soft material. however, only one single layer of raw moldings may be present on the trolley.

Although the compacted compacts are suitable for stacking in two or more layers above each other due to their durability, drying and direct firing is not possible in this configuration. In the case of drying and firing, the abutment surfaces of the compacted compacts are aerated to a much smaller extent than the freely accessible outer surfaces and inner sides of the openings, resulting in different moisture and material temperature contents on the bearing surfaces, which has a negative effect on the quality of the final product.

In order to avoid such damage, the running time would have to be extended to such an extent that no advantage would be achieved compared to a single-layer furnace trolley arrangement.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a process which enables dry-pressed, large-size brick moldings to be dried and fired in one pass, without reloading after drying and without additional time requirements while making the best possible use of the tunnel cross section. way.

The problem is solved by the invention in that the raw brick moldings are arranged in two or more layers on the furnace trolley and the individual layers are separated from one another by the spacers inserted therebetween.

The green brick moldings are preferably arranged in two or more layers one above the other.

In particular, rods made of fire-resistant material, such as chamotte or metal with rectangular or square cross-sections and a length equal to or less than the width of the bearing surface of the brick blank, are particularly suitable as spacers. bricks such that the hollow spaces of the bars are parallel to the hollow spaces of the green compacts and that the abutment surfaces between the green compacts can be aerated in the same way as the interior of the green compacts. The refractory spacer material is selected in quality that allows multiple reuse.

Overview of the drawings

Further features, details and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments and the spacer elements of the invention, and from the drawing.

In this they show:

Fig. 1 two superimposed brick bricks with interposed spacer elements in a front view, Fig. 2 of three superimposed brick bricks with interposed spacer elements in a front view, Fig. 3 two superimposed brick bricks with grooved one 4 shows a blank of a brick with enclosed spacers in plan view, FIG. 5 differently shaped perforated spacers in perspective view, FIGS. 5 and 7 differently shaped perforated spacers in plan view.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

According to the invention, between the stacked layers of the green brick moldings 1, narrow spacer elements 2 are inserted, which hold the facing surfaces of the green moldings spaced apart from each other. Figure 1 shows two superimposed green moldings 1a, 1b, while Figure 2 shows a stack Depending on the quality of the brick bricks and the load capacity of the wet brick bricks, several layers may be considered.

Spacers 2 are arranged between the abutment surfaces, which keep the abutment surfaces apart. The drying and furnace air can be circulated without interference between the spacers along the abutment surfaces of the brick bricks by supporting perforation of the spacers. 3, according to FIG. 3, they are arranged to carry the green compacts as evenly as possible, transversely to the direction of the openings in the green compacts, so that drying air and furnace air are guided through the green compacts but also along the bearing surfaces through spacers.

Figure 3 shows the green moldings with a toothed groove-shaped bearing surface which is fully supported by the transverse spacer elements.

Figure 4 shows in plan view the spacers on the abutment surface of the blank.

Figure 5 shows, in perspective, spacers with differently shaped perforations, with a square and round cross-sectional shape of the perforation.

Figures 6 and 7 show spacers with perforations at different angles in plan view.

Other shaped spacers are also possible within the scope of the invention depending on the prevailing elements. The optimum shape and operating conditions.

Thus, the spacers forming the rods may have a greater width than the height, so that a larger bearing surface is formed for the green brick moldings.

Furthermore, a plurality of rods or plates may be connected to each other, for example, hooked to fix them to each other.

In the case of very narrow green compacts, it may be necessary to consider a roll-over protection. This can be done by means of holders arranged on spacers which surround the edges of the green compacts.

In any case, it is important to ensure good ventilation between the facing surfaces of the green brick moldings.

. .... ------ * yfj

- 5 W 72Ί! ůbd, iΜs di /, ΓHLAT.3 ^; ,>> 2ec

Claims (1)

PATENT TOOLS 0 X Y 7 6 t 1 t Method of drying and burning of bricks p. r 0 Q in a workflow, wherein the wet raw pressings bricks after molding transported to the furnace carriage running ^«r 'translating a combined drying and firing furnace, and wherein the raw pressings bricks / 1 / are arranged in multiple layers (1a, 1b, 1c) on the furnace trolley and that the individual layers hold the spacers (2) spaced therebetween. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the facing surfaces of the green brick moldings (1) and the covering surface (2) is dimensioned so that the facing surfaces of the green brick moldings are aerated to approximately the same extent as the other outer and inner surfaces of the raw brick moldings. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that several rod-like spacers (2) are interposed parallel to each other between the layers of raw brick moldings (1). Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the rod-like spacers (2) are arranged parallel to the direction of the holes in the green brick moldings. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the rod-like spacers (2) are arranged transversely to the direction of the openings in the green brick moldings (1) and are shaped so that the drying air can flow therethrough. Spacers for use in a method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that they are shaped as bars (2) with a rectangular, in particular square cross-section, in a length that is smaller than the width of the bearing surface of the green brick moldings. ’Ίι \ Spacers for use in a method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that they are shaped as bars (2) with a rectangular, in particular square cross-section, and that each spacer is formed from two X-shaped cross-bars. Spacers according to one of Claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the bars with a rectangular or square cross section have leaks. 9. Spacers according to claim 8, characterized in that the culverts are formed by perforations that are arranged transversely to the longitudinal axis of the rods. The spacer according to claim 8, characterized in that the culverts are formed by perforations that extend obliquely to the longitudinal axis of the rods. Spacer according to one of Claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the perforation is formed by culverts with a square cross section. Spacer according to one of Claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the perforation is formed by culverts with a round cross-section.