CZ6446U1 - System for enhancing operating safety of wheeled vehicles - Google Patents

Description

System to increase operational safety of wheeled vehicles

Technical field

The technical solution relates to a system for increasing the operational safety of wheeled vehicles, in particular when skidding is possible or even during its occurrence and during it.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A great danger in the operation of wheeled vehicles is the possibility of skidding on slippery roads, especially on snowy or icy road surfaces in winter, or on wet or contaminated roads throughout the year. As is well known, the vehicle becomes unmanageable due to skidding, which often leads to traffic accidents, often with tragic consequences.

It is therefore understandable that vehicle manufacturers, and in particular tire manufacturers, are continually striving for solutions that would reduce the risk of skidding. These are primarily new tire tread solutions, both in terms of tread design, anti-skid installation, and optimized rubber compound composition for the tread. Specifically, for example, a winter tire is known which is provided with a plurality of anti-skid structures on the tread surface. Each of these structures is formed by a cylindrical, water-sucking groove formed in a radial direction to the tread surface, and a non-slip brush element formed of a plurality of wire-like members disposed in the groove. In the inner space of the groove, at the time of its contact with the road, a vacuum is created, this vacuum sucks water from the area between the tire tread surface and the road surface and at the same time retains the sucked water between the wires of the brush element. As a result, the resulting suction-adhesive forces and the frost forces between the tread surface and the road surface improve the adhesion of the tire to the road and reduce the risk of skidding.

Another known solution is to provide the tread surface of the tire with non-slip elements which are in the form of grains or fibers, eg of silicate materials embedded in the tread surface and oriented in the radial direction.

While the above-mentioned solutions and solutions similar to them in principle reduce the risk of skidding to a certain extent, they cannot be said to be solutions which are generally capable of preventing skidding or effectively mitigating its consequences. Especially in difficult winter conditions, they cannot be considered universal and always sufficiently effective. Therefore, it is still necessary to use accessories - especially snow and skid chains of various constructions, additional studs with studs, or special tires with studs fixed or insertable into bushings in the tread surface. At the same time, however, it is obvious that the use of these special elements usually requires relatively lengthy assembly work before driving in difficult conditions, while their use in less demanding conditions is unsuitable due to road damage and noisy traffic, or (for example, studded tires) inadmissible.

-1GB 6446 Ul

Therefore, there has been an attempt to construct the tips as retractable. For example, a tire is known which is designed to extend the studs above the tread surface by varying the volume of a special layer below the tread, inflatable through an additional valve in the sidewall of the casing.

It is also known to use a disc-shaped anti-slip device which is mounted from the outside to the wheel rim and is provided with retractable beads placed at regular angular spacing (for example, 12 beads placed regularly around the circumference of the ring). The ends of the feet are in the form of cones or circular segments with a functional surface (which, when extruded in contact with the ground), smooth or possibly provided with a set of pins or spikes. Manually operated lever, sliding or toothed mechanism is used to extend the feet.

As is apparent from the foregoing analysis of the prior art, all known anti-skid devices must, if necessary, be mounted or at least set to a functional position. This implies stopping the vehicle and adjusting the anti-skid elements for shorter or longer periods for driving on more demanding surfaces. However, there is currently no device in the wide range of known anti-slip elements that would enable to react flexibly to sudden changes in driving conditions (eg snow tongues, frost on bridges, corners, etc.) and to prevent unexpected skidding or to manage it successfully even in its course without negative consequences. It is clear that unexpected skids are the most dangerous and serious in terms of their consequences.

The essence of the technical solution

To a large extent, the system contributes to solving the above problem by increasing the operational safety of wheeled vehicles, in particular when skidding is possible or possible, according to the present invention.

The principle of the invention consists in the fact that the system consists of an annular support body attached to at least two wheels of the vehicle or forming an integral part of these wheels, in the support body supported by a set of spikes extendable in the extreme position up to the maximum circumference to each support body connected by the ejection mechanism of the retractable and reverse movement of the prongs, which is coupled to the output member of the control device and / or the circuit comprising a starter, spatially disposed within the interior of the vehicle.

The main benefit of the system to increase operational safety of wheeled vehicles according to the technical solution is its universality, enabling safe driving under normal conditions, prevention of skidding, eventually its safe handling on virtually any road surface (on snow, ice, mud, etc.).

The secondary benefit is the ability to safely handle the vehicle in the event of a sharp drop in tire pressure (in the event of a puncture). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to further clarify the nature of the technical solution, the attached drawings show:

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for enhancing the operational safety of wheeled vehicles with radially extending spikes (in radial and longitudinal section);

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system for increasing the operational safety of wheeled vehicles with tiltable retractable spikes (in radial and longitudinal section);

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a system for enhancing the operational safety of wheeled vehicles with radially two-stage telescopic tines (in radial and longitudinal section);

FIG. 4 shows a detail of the telescopic tip and the ejection mechanism of the system for increasing the operational safety of wheeled vehicles with radially two-stage telescopic tips (in radial and longitudinal section);

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a system for increasing the operational safety of wheeled vehicles with tilt-tipping tips by means of gearing (in radial and longitudinal section);

FIG. 6 is a diagram of a system for enhancing the operational safety of wheeled vehicles with tilt-and-slide tines by means of a toothing - for dual installations (in radial and longitudinal section);

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a system for increasing the operational safety of wheeled vehicles with tiltable retractable tines and springs (in radial and longitudinal section);

FIG. 8 is a diagram of a system for increasing the operational safety of wheeled vehicles with tiltable retractable tines by means of permanent engagement and springs (in radial and longitudinal section);

Fig. 9 - Schematic diagram of the system for increasing the operational safety of wheeled vehicles with tiltable retractable tines by means of permanent engagement and springs - universal type with braking and engagement tines (in radial and longitudinal section).

Examples

The system for enhancing the operational safety of wheeled vehicles in a design variant with radially extending spikes (see Fig. 1) consists of a support body 2 which has an annular shape and is mounted on the inside of the rim 6 of the respective vehicle wheel (Note: of course the ideal location of the support body 1 with the retractable spikes 2 on all wheels, but at least two wheels on one axle must be provided).

Each of the prongs 2 consists of a shaft 18 and a tip 17 which is received in an opening in the face of the shaft 18 on a compression spring. The shafts 18 of the individual prongs 2 (e.g., in the form of quadrilateral) are mounted in the support body 2 in regularly circumferentially spaced radially oriented openings 7 and are provided with adjusting pins 8 which fit into the spiral groove 9 of the ejection disc 10. 3 is rotatably mounted in the guide of the support body 1 and is temporarily braked by a braking element 11 mounted on an armature of the control circuit 4, optionally (in an alternative embodiment on the lever of the lever control 4 ').

In case of danger or occurrence of shear activates the car driver actuator 5 control circuit 4 (resp. The control lever device 4. ') · ^Consequently electromagnet (resp. The lever linkage) is pressed onto the brake element 11 of disc 10 ejection mechanism 3 and brakes it . In this case, the adjusting pins 8

6446 U1 will begin to move in the spiral groove 9 of the disc 10, thereby extending the tips 2.

The system is brought back to the standby position (insertion of tips 2) by reversing the procedure. reverse rotation of the wheels (reverse gear) with control circuit 4 and / or actuator 4 activated; the control lever 4 '.

The system for increasing the operational safety of wheeled vehicles in the design variant with hinged retractable spikes 2 (see Fig. 2) is, similarly to the previous variant, formed by a support body 1, which has an annular shape and is fixed on rim 6 of the respective vehicle wheel.

The individual tines 2 are similarly designed in this design variant, their shafts 18 being mounted in a supporting body 1 pivotable on pins 12, in pairs of regularly spaced pairs, each consisting of one engagement tip 13 and one anti-slip tip 14. Both. these types of prongs 13, 14 have shafts 18 provided with straightening springs 15 and adjusting pins θ.These adjusting pins 8 are temporarily fixed by contact with the (pressing) disc 10 of the ejection mechanism 2 (in the standby position with the prongs retracted) and return - they intermittently fit in the spiral groove 9 of this disc 10, which is temporarily pressed against the adjusting pins 8 by a thrust element 16 mounted on the armature of the control circuit solenoid 4 (or - alternatively - on the lever of the joystick 4).

At the driver's signal, the control circuit 4 is activated, the solenoid armature relieving the pressure of the pressure element 16 on the disc 10 of the ejection mechanism 2 thereby releasing the pins 8 of the tines 2 (in this variant of engagement tines 13 and anti-slip tines). 15 these are swiveled to the working (extended) position.

The return to the standby position is performed by deactivating the activation circuit 4 with the electromagnet. When the electromagnet again presses the presser plate 16 on the control mechanism 10 · ^2, consequently the adjusting bolts 2 fits into the helical groove 10 of the disk 9 and moving along the indicating pins 2 back to the starting (standby position). This operation does not require the vehicle to stop and can therefore be done while driving.

The system for increasing the operational safety of wheeled vehicles in a design variant with radially two-stage telescopic spikes (see Figs. 3 and 4) is, similarly to the previous examples, formed by a support body 1 having an annular shape and attached to rim 6 of the respective vehicle wheel.

The shafts 18 of the individual prongs 2 are mounted in the support body 2 in radially oriented openings 7 spaced regularly around the circumference, are sprung with respect to the support body 2 by springs 19 and are provided with adjusting pins 8.

These adjusting pins 8 are temporarily fixed by contact with (pressing) the disc 10 of the ejection mechanism 2 (in the standby position with the tips inserted) and, secondly, at

6446 UI Reverse - they intermittently fit in the spiral groove 9 of this disc 10, which can be temporarily pushed against the adjusting pins 8 by the pressure element 16 of the control circuit 4, respectively. of the actuating lever 4 '.

The body of each of the prongs 2 has two recesses 20 on its shank 18 for the fixing pawl 21, above which the unlocking device 22 is located above its actuating arm.

Upon the driver's signal, the control circuit 4 is activated, whereby the armature of the solenoid releases the pressure of the pressure element 16 on the disc 10 of the ejection mechanism 3. This releases the adjusting pins 8 of the tines 2 and pulls the tines 19 into the working position fixed by a latch 21 engaging the first of the recesses 20 and a stop latch 24.

In this variant of the system, it is possible to use another if necessary - larger tip extension 2. · This larger tip extension

2., for a very problematic terrain (eg a layer of driven snow, unpaved road, etc.) is performed by activating the unlocking device 22, which is designed similarly to the control circuit 4. By pressing the thrust element on the armature of the unlocking device 22 on the lever 23 presses the control arm of the latch 21, which is thereby temporarily disengaged. By pulling the spring 19, the prongs 2 are extended to the maximum position defined by the stop 25 on the shaft 18 of the prong 2, which is then fixed by engaging the latch 21 into the other of the recesses 20 of the prong 18 of the prong 2.

The return to the standby position is effected by deactivating the control circuit 4 while releasing the latch 21 from the recess 20 of the shaft 18 of the prong 2 by pressing the pressure element on the armature solenoid armature 22 on the lever 23. of the control circuit 4, presses on the disc 10 of the ejection mechanism. As a result, the adjusting pins 8 engage in the spiral groove 9 of this disc 10 and move the tines 2 back to the initial (standby) position. As with the second variant, this operation does not require the vehicle to be stopped and can therefore be carried out while driving.

The system for increasing the operational safety of wheeled vehicles in a design variant with tiltable retractable spikes (see Fig. 5) is, as in the previous examples, formed by a support body 1 which has an annular shape and is mounted on the rim 6 of the respective vehicle wheel.

The individual prongs 2 are also constructed in this construction variant similarly to the first example.

Their stems 18 are in the carrying body 1 is hingedly mounted on the shafts provided with pinions on the 26th, which engage into the toothed disc ejection mechanism 10 · third disc ejection mechanism 10 j ^e 2 rotatably mounted in a guide of the carrier body 1, and temporarily breaks the braking element 11, attached to the armature of the solenoid of the control circuit 4, optionally (in an alternative embodiment on the lever of the lever control device 4 ').

-5GB 6446 Ul

In the event of danger or in the event of a skid, the driver of the car activates the control circuit 4 (or the control lever 4 '') by means of the starter 5. As a result, the anchor of the electromagnet (or the lever of the lever mechanism) presses the disc 10 of the firing mechanism 2 by the braking element 11 and brakes it. In this case, due to the engagement of the toothing of the disc 10 with the pinion 26, the prongs 2 are extended.

The system is brought back to the standby position (insertion of tips 2) by reversing the procedure. reverse rotation of the wheels (reverse gear) with control circuit 4 and / or actuator 4 activated; the control lever 4 '.

In principle, a similar variant is also provided with the tiltable tip 2 by means of the toothing of FIG. 6. The difference is that the pin on which the tiltable tip 2 is attached is replaced here by a shaft 27 which passes through the holes in the rim 6, 2 on one side and pinion 26 on the other side of rim 6. This makes it possible, for example, to place the retractable spikes 2 in the space between the two double-mounting housings of trucks.

Similarly to the previous examples, the system for increasing the operational safety of wheeled vehicles in the design variant with tilt-tipped tips by means of teeth and springs (see Fig. 7) consists of a support body 1, which has an annular shape and is mounted on the rim 6. / vehicles.

The individual prongs 2 are also constructed in this construction variant similarly to the first example.

Their shafts 18 are hinged in the carrier body 1 on pins provided with toothed pinion 26 and in this case are still equipped with straightening springs 15 and latches 28 for temporarily fixing the ends of the shanks 18 in the tilted position to the edge of the carrier body 1.

The disc 10 of the ejection mechanism 2 is rotatably mounted in the guide of the support body 1 and is temporarily pressed against the support body 1 by a pressure element 16 mounted on the armature of the control circuit 4 (or on the lever of the lever control 4 '). By pressing the disc 10 against the support body 1, the pinion 26 and the teeth formed on the disc 10 of the firing mechanism 2 engage.

In the event of danger or skidding, the driver of the car activates the actuating circuit 4 (or the actuating lever 4 ') by means of the trigger 5. As a result, the anchor of the electromagnet (or the lever of the lever) releases the pressure on the pressure element 16 on the disc 10, the toothing of which thus disengages from the pinion 26. Due to the release of the pinion 26 and the tension of the upright springs 15.

The system is brought back to the standby position (insertion of the tines 2) occurs after the control circuit 4 has been deactivated. As a result of pressing the disc 10 against the support body 1, the pinion 26 and the toothing of the disc 10 come into engagement. the latches 28 at the ends of the shafts 18 engage the edge of the support body 1. This operation does not require the vehicle to stop and move back, and can therefore be performed while driving.

-6GB 6446 Ul

The design variant of the system for enhancing the operational safety of the wheeled vehicles of FIG. 7 is essentially similar to that shown in FIG. 8.

Here, however, the function of the ejection mechanism 2 is taken up by the pawl 28 together with the righting springs 15. After unlocking it by pulling the armature of the solenoid of the control circuit 4, the prongs 2 are disengaged by pulling the righting springs. 11 on the armature of the auxiliary control circuit 4 ' solenoid, the tines 2 return to the standby position.

The above-described construction variant of the system (according to Fig. 8) is further improved in the design of the system according to Fig. 9. The function of the ejection mechanism 2 is again fulfilled here by the latch 28 together with the erection springs. 2, the tines 2 are extended by pulling the upright springs 15. The tines 2 are, however, similar to the second example, divided according to their function into engagement tines 13 and anti-slip tines 14.

The height of the extension of the prongs 2 can be adjusted by supporting the shank 18 of the prong 2 with the adjustable wedge stop 31.

Related to this is also the toothing solution of the disc 10, which is designed as segmental - specifically for the pinions 26 of the engagement tines 13 as internal toothed segments 30 and for the pinions 26 of the non-slip tines 14 as external toothed segments 29.

The segmented toothing of the disc 10 remains in permanent engagement with the pinion 26, by braking the disc 10 with the braking element 11 on the armature of the electromagnet of the auxiliary control circuit 4 '', the spikes 2 return to the standby position. As in the fifth example, this operation does not require the vehicle to be stopped and moved back and can be done while driving.

Industrial applicability

The system for increasing the operational safety of wheeled vehicles according to the technical solution is universally applicable for various types of wheeled vehicles, especially motor vehicles. It can be used to equip newly produced vehicles as well as vehicles already in operation.

The system support body 1 can be mounted on the wheel rims of the vehicle, preferably from the inside of the wheel, where it does not interfere with the silhouette of the vehicle. However, it can also be an integral part of these wheels - for example, as part of double-mounted trucks (see example 4). An alternative is also to place the system support body 2 on a separate drum.

The connection of the braking element 12 and / or the brake element 12, respectively. the pressure element 16 or other elements of the firing mechanism 2 ^e j may solve for the steering axle is articulated.

In addition to the electromagnetic circuit, the control circuit 4 can also be a hydraulic or pneumatic circuit. In the examples, an alternative use of a mechanical (e.g., lever) actuator 4 'is also indicated.

-7GB 6446 Ul

From the spatial point of view, the elements of the control circuit 4 can also be stored, for example, in the cavity of the wheel rim, with the fact that the power supply from the source to the circuit will be solved, for example, on the principle of collector collectors.

Claims (9)

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS A system for increasing the operational safety of wheeled vehicles, in particular in the possibility or occurrence of skidding, characterized in that it comprises an annulus-shaped support body (1) mounted on at least two vehicle wheels or forming an integral part of these wheels in a support body (1). 1) a set of prongs (2) retractable in the extreme position up to the level of the maximum circumference of the wheel and further to each support body (1) connected by a ejection mechanism (3) of prongs and retraction of prongs (2) a device and / or circuit (4) comprising a starter (5) disposed spatially in the interior of the vehicle. System for increasing the operational safety of wheeled vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual spikes (2) mounted in the support body (1) in circumferentially spaced radially oriented openings (7) on the compression springs (17) are provided. adjusting pins (8) engaging in the spiral groove (9) of the disc (10) of the ejection mechanism (3), the disc (10) being rotatably mounted in the guide of the support body (1) and temporarily braked by the braking element (11) / or circuit (4). System for enhancing the operational safety of wheeled vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual spikes (2) mounted in the support body (1) can be pivoted on pivot pins (12) in circumferentially spaced pairs, each consisting of one engagement tip (13) and one anti-slip (14), are provided with straightening springs (15) and adjusting pins (8), temporarily fixed contact with the disc (10) of the ejection mechanism (3) and temporarily engaging in the helical groove (9) ) of the disc (10), which can be temporarily pressed against the adjusting pins (8) by a thrust element (16) of the control device and / or the circuit (4). System for enhancing the operational safety of wheeled vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual spikes (2) mounted in the support body (1) in circumferentially spaced radially oriented openings (7) and sprung with respect to the support body (1) by springs (19), are provided with adjusting pins (8), temporarily fixable contact with the disc (10) of the ejection mechanism (3), and when returning temporarily engaging in the spiral groove (9) of said disc (10) which is with the adjusting pins (8) ) temporarily pushable by a thrust element (16) of the actuating device and / or perimeter (4), the body of each of the prongs (2) having at least one recess (20) for the fixing pawl (21) above its actuating shank (19) an unlocking device (22) is disposed by the arm. -8GB 6446 Ul System for increasing the operational safety of wheeled vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual spikes (2) are mounted in the carrier body (1) hingedly on pins provided with toothed pinion (26) which engage in the toothing of the disc (10). The disc (10) of the firing mechanism (3) is rotatably mounted in the guide of the support body (1) and is temporarily braked by the braking element (11) of the actuator and / or the circuit (4). System for increasing the operational safety of wheeled vehicles according to claim 5, characterized in that the individual hinges of the withdrawable spike (2) are mounted on shafts (27) which pass through holes in the wheel rim (6), the spike (2) being on one side and its pinion (26) on the other side of the rim (6). System for increasing the operational safety of wheeled vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual spikes (2) are mounted in the carrier body (1) hingedly on pins provided with toothed pinion (26) which temporarily press the disc (10). and are further provided with straightening springs (15) and latches (28) for temporary fixation in a tilted position to the edge of the support body (1), the disc (10) of the ejection mechanism (3) being rotatably supported in the guide of the support body (1) and can be temporarily pushed against the support body (1) by the pressure element (16) of the control device and / or the circuit (4). A system for increasing the operational safety of wheeled vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual tines (2) are mounted in the carrier body (1) hingedly on pins provided with toothed pinion (26) engaging the teeth of the disc (10), and are further provided with straightening springs (15) and latches (28) for temporary fixation in a tilted position to the edge of the support body (1), the latches (28) being unlockable by an output element of the control device and / or circuit (4) and a disc (10) which is rotatably mounted in the guide of the support body (1), is temporarily pushable against the support body (1) by a thrust element (16) of the auxiliary control device and / or the circuit (4 ''). System for increasing the operational safety of wheeled vehicles according to claim 8, characterized in that the individual spikes (2) are distributed in pairs around the circumference of the support body (1), each consisting of one engagement spike (13) and one anti-skid the toothing (14) and the toothing of the disc (10) is segmented, for the pinions (26) of the engagement tips (13) it is formed by internal toothed segments (30) and for the pinions (26) of the antiskid tips (14) by outer toothed segments (29) ). A system for enhancing the operational performance of any one of the claims 1 to safety of wheeled vehicles according to up to 9, characterized by 6446 U1, in that the individual prongs (2) are split and consist of a shank (18) and a tip (17) which is received in an opening in the face of the shank (18) and springed against the shank (18).