CZ35119U1 - Fertilizer for acidified and degraded forest soils - Google Patents

Description

Fertilizer for acidified and degraded forest soils

Field of technology

The solution concerns a mineral fertilizer for forest crops, which is designed to support the growth and development of forest tree seedlings, especially in the period of 1 to 3 years after planting, which slow down or stop growth due to lack of nutrients in poor habitats. The fertilizer provides the main nutrients in the required amount and in a suitable ratio and is enriched with micronutrients to stimulate the growth of underground and aboveground biomass and to support soil microbial life.

Prior art

Fertilization of forest soils or additional fertilization of plantings is a measure aimed at maintaining, adjusting or improving the condition of the soil in terms of ensuring sufficient nutrients both for soil life and especially for the nutrition of woody plants that grow on this soil. As this is an external intervention in the ecosystem, and also due to the longevity of forest production, this measure is usually applied only in cases where tree species show visible symptoms of nutrient deficiency or in cases where nutrient deficiency in soil is demonstrated by chemical analysis of soil samples.

So-called forest fertilizers are generally defined as products in which a gradual release of nutrients takes place, the aim being that this release takes place for at least one year or more than one year. Most often, these fertilizers are applied simultaneously with planting to the soil surface (in tablet, granular or powder form) and are supposed to supply the seedlings with nutrients for about 1 to 3 years from planting. This supports the rooting and growth of seedlings, especially in poor habitats, where conditions prevail, which are very different from the situation in forest nurseries, where the seedlings were produced.

The current offer of fertilizers with gradual release of nutrients does not solve the cases where after planting without fertilizer application in the next 1 to 3 years after planting, before full adaptation of seedlings to new conditions, depletion of stocks obtained by seedlings grown in forest nursery. In such situations, symptoms of nutrient deficiency may occur, growth may slow or stop, and the resulting stress weakens the seedlings and reduces their chances of survival. This situation was the reason for finding a suitable solution for the support of seedlings with a focus on the period of 1 to 3 years after the privileged, which would reduce the losses of afforestation and achieve a state of secured culture within a specified period.

The essence of the technical solution

The newly compiled fertilizer fills a gap in the supply of fertilizers usable in forestry operations to support the planting of forest trees. The focus of use is on areas where fertilization was not carried out during planting in the hole or on the soil surface and before reaching the deadline for securing the culture there will be signs of nutrient deficiency, growth retardation, growth arrest or seedling death. The newly developed fertilizer has the potential to provide the seedlings with the necessary nutrients at a time when, after the depletion of nutrient reserves from the forest nursery, they begin to rely only on nutrients available at the forest site and are not yet in the culture stage.

The present fertilizer is a source of necessary nutrients, including nitrogen. It is supplied partly in the form of a slowly soluble "ureaform" and is thus available to the seedlings gradually over a period of weeks to months, which is essential especially in the sprouting and elongation phase to support biomass production. Other important nutrients are supplied in a suitable mutual ratio and the addition of microelements complements the complex of nutrients important for the necessary growth of the above-ground and underground part of the trees. The proportion of slow-acting nitrogen to instantaneous nitrogen is in the ratio of 2 to 3: 1 and the proportion by weight of ureaform in the fertilizer is about 20%.

- 1 CZ 35119 UI

The fertilizer has a granule fraction size of 2.0 to 6.3 mm.

The fertilizer can be used universally for commonly planted forest tree species, coniferous and deciduous with a focus on use on poor soils, whether it is naturally poor soils or soils depleted of nutrients due to previous acidic deposition load. Especially on acidified and degraded soils, the effect of fertilization and improvement of health, vitality and nutrition of seedlings is most noticeable.

siožka sioka content {%) (%) 10-li 5 KíO (%) 5 S (%) 5 MgO%; 14-16 CaO (%) 6.5-7.0 B (%) 0.1 Zn (%) 0.1 Mo (%) 0.01 a í%: max, 5

Tab. 1 - Composition of fertilizer

According to the EP and Council Regulation 2003/2003 - EC FERTILIZER for mineral compound fertilizers for the main nutrients N, P2O5 and K2O, negative deviations in weight percentages of 1.1% by weight are allowed from the declared values, and the total deviation from the declared value of ternary fertilizer 1, 9% by weight. For secondary nutrients in the fertilizer (CaO, MgO, SO3), the tolerance is set at a quarter of the declared content of these elements and a maximum of 0.9% by weight, absolute value.

For trace nutrients in the fertilizer (Zn, B, Mo) it is one fifth of the declared value.

Example of implementing a technical solution

For application in forest stands, a basic dose of 50 g of fertilizer for seedlings is recommended. The application can be carried out in several ways, as appropriate for the individual fertilization of forest tree seedlings, the application was tested using a back granulate applicator. It is also possible to use a suitable measuring cup for manual application. The granulate is applied evenly around the seedling trunk in the projection of the tree crown.

The fertilizer dose can be adjusted on the basis of previous analysis of soil samples, or supplemented by an analysis of the assimilation apparatus of seedlings.

The application must be carried out in spring, optimally during the bud sprouting period and the beginning of the growth of the shoots, ie usually during April and May (depending on the course of the weather and the beginning of the above phenological stages of seedling growth). This ensures the supply of nutrients in the period when the seedlings have the greatest demands on their intake and thanks to the composition of the fertilizer, the nutrients are supplied up to the top, or. late summer.

- 2 CZ 35119 UI

Industrial applicability

Fertilizer for forest crops is intended for application to the soil surface for the so-called individual fertilization of forest tree seedlings. The preparation can be applied using a suitable measuring cup or using a back granule applicator.

The application of fertilizer can be used as a support measure for the systematic and long-term improvement of the condition of forest soils and the nutrition of stands by fertilization. In long-term sustainable forest land management systems and to support the natural processes taking place in forest soils 10, fertilization is an important tool. The use of newly formulated fertilizers is a prerequisite for the introduction of more nutritionally demanding deciduous tree species into vegetation mixtures, at least for the time necessary to increase the proportion of deeper tree species, which will later help activate nutrients stored in deeper soil layers.

Claims (1)

CLAIMS FOR PROTECTION A fertilizer for acidified and degraded forest soils based on a mixed mineral fertilizer 5 of the NPK + MgO type, characterized in that it contains nutrients in the amount of: total nitrogen 11% by weight, total potassium as K2O 5% by weight, total magnesium as MgO 15% by weight, total phosphorus as P2O5 5% by weight, and total sulfur 5% by weight, as well as microelements B, Zn and Mo, in the amount of: boron 0.1% by weight, zinc 0.1% by weight, and molybdenum 0 .01% wt. Fertilizer for acidified and degraded forest soils according to Claim 1, characterized in that it has a uniform granulation with granules of 2.0 to 6.3 mm in size.