CZ347996A3 - Telecommunication discharge tube component and composition intended for use in such component - Google Patents

Abstract

A telecommunications gas tube apparatus (40) which is suitable for connection to a gas discharge tube (12) and which comprises an electrically non-linear resistive element (45) prepared from an electrically non-linear composition which comprises a polymeric component and a particulate filler. The composition has an initial resistivity rho i at 25 DEG C of at least 10<9> ohm-cm, and is such that a standard device containing the composition has an initial breakdown voltage VSi, and after the standard device has been exposed to a standard impulse breakdown test, the device has a final breakdown voltage VSf which is from 0.7VSi to 1.3VSi. In addition, the composition in the device has a final resistivity rho f at 25 DEG C of at least 10<9> ohm-cm. Such compositions are useful in providing both vent-safe and fail-safe protection to a gas discharge tube (12).

Description

(57)

The telecommunications discharge component (40) is suitable for connection to a gas discharge tube (12) and comprises an electrically non-linear resistive component (45) that is made of an electrically non-linear composition comprising a polymer component and a particulate filler. The composition has an initial electrical resistivity Ri at 25 ° C of at least 1 Cr ohms / cm and is such that when the standard formulation containing the composition has an initial failure voltage Vsi and then the standard formulation is subjected to a standard pulse failure test fault voltage Vsf, which is from 0.7 V DC to 1.3 V DC. In addition, the composition in said formulation has a final specific electrical resistance Rf at 25 ° C of at least 10 ⁹ ohms / cm. Such compositions are useful for providing protection of the gas discharge tube (12) in terms of both leakage safety and failure safety.

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Telecommu- nication lamp in this component d COMPOS 1 CC for the use of white balance technology

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] The present invention relates to telecommunications equipment and compositions for use in lacquer components.

Gas Discharge Tubes »: They are commonly used to protect telecommunications equipment and circuits from damage in the event of electrical interference or high voltage» 5t sparking pulses. Discharge lamps. which are used in paint cases are referred to as discharge tubes: protective tubes. These tubes contain a gas that ionizes at high voltage so. to allow electrical impulses to be diverted to zero electrical potency. thereby minimizing) though damage caused by pulses. If there is a more permanent high-voltage overload. to which, for example, due to the accidental crossing of the power lines, the LyLo tubes can maintain limited constant ionization.

To provide protection in case of overheating caused by overheating under conditions of sustained high-voltage overload and to ensure the protection of the device 1 when the ionizing gas escapes from the tube. these discharge tubes usually contain fail-safe and leak-safe mechanisms. The term fail safe refers to protection against heat damage, which is often provided by a fusible metal or plastic material. When the material is heated by the effect of the energy released as a result of an electric overload. it flows to the polarized shorting component and creates conditions for a constant drainage around the tube. This is accomplished by melting the thermplastic film positioned so between two electrodes, thereby allowing contact between the electrodes and dissipating electrical current to the zero electrical potential. The term leakage safe refers to backup protection against high voltage overload. that is, when the gas is vented or escapes into the atmosphere. "Niku "ι'ι leak safe" protection j ·. · Éa:; it 's for the J mold air air, which is part of the outer structure of the tube. Air gap proportions They are chosen so that the sweat requirements are considerably higher. for example, twice the normal sweat requirements: ion sparking in the laser beam. so that the gas discharge tube will normally be harmless of the materials conforming to normal circumstances · protect the air gap from sparking. This minimizes instances of air gap damage. therefore, although high voltage pulses usually spark harmless in a properly functioning gas tube. they can damage the air gap, which serves the purpose of safety backup.

Air gap Insulates material to improve reliability when failing safe and leak safe design solutions. which is in terms of environmental protection. to avoid contamination by moisture, contaminated air. insects or other environmental factors. (Sealing as plastic encapsulators of thugs. However, bleach compounds, coatings and gels have limited applicability as they cannot completely prevent moisture from entering and may themselves penetrate the air gap and thereby change discharge voltage levels and / or cause corrosion. it can eventually lead to electrical short circuits at low voltage levels, an increase in the voltage level during discharges will suppress the purpose of the air gap as a back-up protection.

Some of these problems have been solved by replacing the air gap with a layer of solid material having certain non-linear specific resistivity characteristics. Such an air gap is disclosed in co-pending and co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/046 059 (CDebbaut et al., Filed April 10, 1993). wherein the description of its subject matter is incorporated herein by reference. While this solution ensures environmental sustainability, solid material is the cause of successive voltage failures

The pulses and, in fact, during normal high voltage discharge operation will be high pulses. such as Sparking, destructive to each other. In addition, not all air gaps provide safe protection.

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Now we have found out. that. A non-linear component made of an electrically non-linear material having a certain electrical properties. ti rv.iiu '·. electrical faults. used instead of an air gap in the form of a solid material according to US Patent Application No. GB / 046 059, a discharge lamp device having fail safe properties can be provided. even in the case of leakage of safe protection. In addition, due to the nature of the non-linear material and its physical and electrical stability during successive electrical phenomena, the component may be actuated repeatedly under typical telecommunication operation conditions without failure of the non-linear component. Because the need to replace this part is reduced. The reliability of telecommunications systems is increased and maintenance costs are lower. In a preferred embodiment, said material comprises qe 1 having the ability to conform to the shape of the lamp protector, thereby limiting moisture penetration and freer manufacturing tolerances may be allowed. In addition, this gel may be compatible with a cannon encapsulator, which contributes to sealing for environmental protection.

In accordance with a first feature, the present invention provides a telecommunications discharge lamp component comprising: (1) a first electrode for electrical connection to a first outlet on a discharge tube filled with gas:

C2) a second electrode for electrically connecting to the second outlet of the gas discharge tube;

(3) an electrically non-linear resistance component separating the first and second electrodes. wherein said component is made of an electrically non-linear composition which

Cd) comprises Ci) a polymer servant and C11) a certain filler, <b) has an initial electrical resistivity Ri at 25 ° C of at least 10 ⁹ ohms / cm and

Λ

(Cc) is such that:. it has a standard! an apparatus comprising the composition with an initial failure voltage Vsi and, after exposure to a standard Impulse test, a final failure voltage Vsf that is from 0.7 Vr; , du 1. '$ Vs t. it has a finite electrical copper udpoi of Ri at least

10 ⁹ ohms / cm.

In accordance with the second feature, the present invention provides a telecommunications discharge lamp component. which they contain. ·

(C) connecting the first electrode to the first outlet on the discharge tube filled with gas.

C2) a second electrode for electrical connection to a second outlet on the gas discharge tube;

C3) an electrically non-linear resistive component separating the first and second electrodes, said component being made of an electrically non-linear composition that

Ca) consists of C1) 30 to 95 volume percent clay mixture and C1) 5 to 70 volume percent. a certain conductive filler electrode; and

Cb) has an initial electrical resistivity Ri at 2 ° (, of at least 10 ⁹ ohms / cm).

In accordance with a third feature, the present invention provides an assembly comprising

CA) fastener a

CB) a telecommunications discharge lamp component according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein the telecommunications discharge lamp component is disposed in a mounting portion.

In accordance with a fourth feature, the present invention provides an electrically non-linear resistive composition of the type described in the first feature of the present invention.

Description of the drawings

Giant. 1 is a diagram showing a typical screened gas discharge tube that is incorporated into one pair of telecommunications line.

Giant. 2 is a cross-section of the gas tube of FIG. I.

Giant. 3 shows disassembled parts of a discharge lamp component according to the present invention.

•and

Giant. 4 Yippee invention, when this Giant. 5 before· Giant. 6 je p Giant. 7 you are pru testing kompi Giant - 8 is g (impulse ejection) Giant. 9 a . 10

is a cross-sectional view of the lamp element according to this lamp element being encapsulated in a gel. showing the broken melt according to the invention, is ρΐ'ΰπ. · ζ you ta poodle tablecloth. 5.

is a schematic view; The landscaping device of the poodle composition in accordance with the present invention.

Obr- impulzuvé 8 is a graph showing disturbance vol Lech jlzových test Even cyclohexane and 10 j ^- Jou '/r.jí'/ pulse puzuchy in volts showing the operation yields one enUS eίekLiudám I and between 1 in connection with compositions of the present invention.

Giant. 11 is a graph of a DC voltage failure and a pulse voltage failure showing a function of electrode distortion in connection with the compositions of the present invention

EXAMPLES

The discharge component and assembly of the present invention comprises an electrically non-linear resistive component. which is made of an electrically non-linear composition. In this description, the term non-linear means it. that the composition is substantially electrically nonconductive, i. has an electrical resistivity greater than 10 ⁹ ohms / cm if the applied voltage is less than the pulse fault voltage. however, it becomes electrically conductive, i. It has an electrical resistivity of less than 10 ⁹ ohmíl / cm. if the applied voltage is equal to or higher than the Pulse Failure voltage. The electrically non-linear composition comprises a polymer component and a certain filler. The polymer component may be any suitable polymer. such as a thermoplastic material based on a polyalkene or fluoropolymer. heat-curable material such as epoxy, elastomer. a solid lubricant or gel. The polymer component is generally represented by 30¾ to 90¾. preferably 35¾ to 90¾. preferably 40¾ to 85¾ of the total volume of the composition.

In many embodiments, it is preferred that the polymer component is a polymer gel. ie, a substantially dilute crosslinked solution that shows no flow when it is at a steady state. Crosslinks that form a continuous mesh structure may be the result of physical or chemical bonds.

(, crystallites or other connections and must remain intact under the conditions of use of the gel. Most poisons contain a liquid-extending polymer in which the fluid. Such as oil fills mesh gaps. Suitable gels of this content include silicone). for example, suitable for 1 oz.nn &lt;, · / ·; Ι.> · η. polyurethane, after 1 µm flax. with those of ren-bu tad i euuvi. · kop ·· 1 ynei y, with L / i en-xo o new copolymers. styrene-ethylene / piopylene-1-yeast (CSEPS) block copolymers (commercially available under the ^tradename Kuraray) and / or with tyrene (<1) / pips I <· η) -; CK block copolymers (available under the trade name Kraton ™ from Shell Clil Co.). A suitable extender fluid is a mineral oil, a vegetable oil such as paraffin oil, silicone oil, a plasticizer such as trimelltate or a mixture thereof, generally in an amount of from 30 to 10% by weight of the total weight of the gel. Such gel may be a Leimoset gel. for example, a silicone gel in which the crosslinks are formed by the use of multipurpose crosslinking agents, or may be a heat curable gel, in which the microphosphate separation of the regions serves as junction points. Technical data for gels that may be suitable · As polymer components

in the composition is possible find in US patents. 4,600,261 C Debbaut) . 4,690,831 C Uken et al.). 4.716.183 (Gainnara <1 spol.). 4,777,063 C Dubrov et al.). 4.864.725 CDebbaut and spol.). 4,865,905 CUken et al.), i. 079.300 CDubrow and spol.), 5.104.930 CRinde a spol.) and 5,149,736 (Gamarra) ; and among the nations of patent audiences- cích č. WO86 / 01634 CToy a spol.). WO88 / 00603 (Francs et al

spol.), WO90 / 05166 (Lutherland). WO91 / 05014 (Lutherland) and WO93 / 23472 (Hammond et al.). The disclosures of said patents and patents are incorporated herein by reference.

It is preferred that the gel has a Voland hardness of from 1 to 50 grams, preferably from 5 to 25 grams, and particularly preferably from 6 to 20 grams, to have a relaxation of from 1 to 46¾. preferably from 15 to 40¾. to have a tack of from 5 to 40 grams, preferably from 9 to 35 grams, and to have a yield strength of at least 50 µ. preferably at least 100¾. more preferably at least 400¾. particularly preferably at least 1000µ, and most preferably at least 1500µ. The extensibility is measured according to ASTM D217 and Ls-ut., The method of measurement is incorporated herein by reference. Hardness values according to Volund. relaxation and attachments are measured using:. Vn 1-, nd-Stevens t. the ί.ί-kA model, which has a 1000 grams load cell, a giant trigger, and a 0.2-inch Ctj. 6.35 millimeter ball courts, as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,079,300 CDubrov et al., Which is incorporated herein by reference. the gel hardness is measured, a 20 ml glass beaking tube is placed into the analyzer, similar to a beaker-like beaker containing 10 gi amu gel, and a stainless steel ball probe is injected into the gel at a rate of 0.20 millimeters per second to a penetration depth of 4, 0 mm. The value of hardness of politics? Volaiida Jo the power, expressed in grams, that is needed to beat the ball? probes at the indicated speed after the specified imprint of 4.0 mm. when said probe penetrates into the gel or deforms its surface. The nbmd hardness of a particular gel can be directly correlated with the value measured by cone penetration in the manner designated ASTM D217, the procedure of which is described in U.S. Patent No. 4,852,646 (CDittmer et al.). which is incorporated herein by reference.

With respect to the polymer component, contain a particulate filler. Conductive filler. semiconducting. nevodiví?

the composition may also be electrically or may be prepared as a specific electrical resistance is a function of a mixture of two or more types of fillers so. so that the resulting composition has the desired electrical non-linearity. It is generally preferred. the filler is electrically conductive or semiconductive. Conductive fillers have a small generally electrical resistivity of at most 10 ³ ohmfl / cm: pulverulent fillers generally have a resistance of at most 10 ³ ohmfl / cm, although their alloying material as well as temperature and other factors may be substantially higher than 10 ³ ohmfl / cm. ³ ohm / cm. Suitable fillers include metal powders. for example aluminum, nickel. silver, silver-coated nickel. platinum, copper, tantalum. tungsten, gold and cobalt. powders of metal oxides such as iron oxide. doped iron oxide, doped titanium dioxide and doped zinc oxide; metal carbide powders such as silicon carbide. titanium carbide and tantalum carbide: metal nitride powders: petroleum * carbon black or graphite: and alloys such as bronze and BioSdZ. Particularly suitable fillers are aluminum, the oxide that is found to be the same (CF330-4), the iron oxide doped with the oxide. silicon and nickel silver coated. If the polymer component is a gel, it is important that the selected filler be used to cross-link the gel, i.e., the crosslinking agent. to not bother him. The filler is generally present in an amount of from 5 to 70¾. preferably from 10 to 6 * 1? and particularly preferably from 15 to 60¾

i.e. the total volume of the composition.

Bulk filling, shape and size of filler affect the nonlinear electrical properties of the composition in part due to the distance between the shape particles. for example, spherical sticks. Suitable compositions

The particles may have any shape, flakes, fiber shape or may be prepared using

Compositions according to any suitable particles having an average size. 0.010 to 100 microns, preferably 0.1 to 75 ml microns, more preferably 0.5 to 50 microns, and more preferably 1 to 20 microns. A mixture of different particle shapes, sizes and / or types may be used. The particles may be magnetic * or nomagnetic.

The particulate filler may additionally contain other commonly used additives, including stabilizers, colorants, crosslinking agents and inhibitors.

of the invention, compositions can be prepared. for example by melt-mixing, solution-mixing or vigorous mixing, and can be shaped according to conventional methods such as extrusion, calendering. casting and pressing. When the polymer component is a gel. For example, such a gel may be mixed with the filler by mixing and the composition may be applied or poured onto a substrate or mold where it cures usually with the aid of heat.

The composition of the invention has excellent stability in terms of measurement of specific electrical resistance and breakdown voltage. These compositions have electrically insulating properties and have an initial resistivity R 1 at 25 ° C of at least 10 ⁹ ohms / cm, ohms / cm, even more preferably 10 ¹¹ ohms / cm and 10 ¹² ohms / cm. The value of the initial resistivity, more preferably 10 ¹⁰ and most preferably the electrical resistance R 1, is such that under test conditions

- přípravku of a standard preparation to be described below. the initial insulation resistivity přlne jmenš (n 10 'Ojima / cm. preferably at least to ¹⁹ ohms / cm and ^1> anh 1 · »· t, preferred at least 10 ¹¹ ohms / cm. The Κι

10 ⁹ ohms / cm. is advantageous then. ! oly>. The invention in use in a telecommunication kt.ui is at least ki.npuzh according to this melting process.

Pa: 1 to 10% of the standard porous voltage test. which will be described below is a finite specific Z.5 ° (J of at least ¹⁰ ohms / cm and 1.times.lP, preferably at most fidpi in the case of 1 to P 1). most χ. IQ ^second advantageous as well as extremely XI on the ^second particularly good advantage of 5 x 10 'and tn. · j advantageous * I 1 Sep 10 ^first final insulation resistivity Kt said stundartního formulation after exposure to pulsed disturbance test advantageous JJ least It is ^{1 a} ohm and is at least 10 ⁹ ohms not the most prominent and 10 ¹¹ ohms.

When a standard buffer composition of this invention is incorporated into a test composition. which will be described below and is subjected to the standard pulse failure test. it has an initial failure voltage Vsi and a final failure voltage Vs 1. It is from 0.70 Vs to 1.30 Vs. preferably from 0.80 Vs t to 1.0 to 10 Vdc. particularly preferably from 0.85 Vsi to 1.15 Vsi and not more preferably from 0.1 Vsi to 1 Vsi. 10 Vsi - The failure voltage value is influenced, apart from other factors, by the fraction volume of the filler used, the size of the particles or the distances between the particles. In general, it decreases that as the particle size decreases, the fault voltage increases.

Some compositions of the invention switch, which means. they will remain in an electrically conductive state after a single voltage discharge with a specific electrical resistance of less than 10 ⁶ ohms / cm. If the device with such switching is made of a composition comprising a gol. it may be set to a high resistivity state and will have a resistivity of at least 10 ⁹ ohms / cm. This adjustment is achieved by physical deformation. such as bending. by twisting, pressing or tensioning. The toggle behavior is a function of the part sizes. the distance between the particles and the shape of the particles. In the case of gels, generally small spherical particles having a size of, for example, from 1 to 5 will switch

10 microns that are deposited at small distances apart, for example less than 4 microns.

Under certain electrical conditions, the compositions of the present invention will be. and especially to <auí * <> z i o tuvut tuvut on command? bi / zpi / nnu »» ». h: n ι »i

Aluminum, even when exposed to a high enough level of noise. 11> í <<1 - j <I 10 Λ. «1000 Volts in time and the electrodes, which may be smaller.

I-resistance

0 my liohms.

The outlet IH pm of connection to the ceramic housing 19 is at a given discharge lamp

A seconds to 0 m i zeros. create. the shot conductor will show a finite piece · / i than 10 ohms. For example, such behavior is desirable in the case of short-circuiting power lines and results in a permanent short-lump.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing. FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a conventional telecommunications circuit 10 into which a lamp 12 of a telecommunications line is incorporated. The lamp 1.2 shown in cross-section in FIG. 2 has a first terminal 10 for connection to a telecommunication a-wire 13 and a second terminal 1.7 for connection to a ring wire 14 of a telecommunications circuit. In addition, the lamp 12 has an intermediate zero electrical potential. In the enclosed ionizing gas 20. By ionizing the voltage it generates a discharge plasma.

Giant. 3 is an exploded view of the component 40 of the present invention. In this embodiment, the first terminal 16 and the second terminal 17 of the lamp 12 also function as a first electrode and a second discharge electrode; If not shown, the lamp may have a lamp. in the third terminal, which can be connected to the third electrode of the discharge component. One of the electrodes may be a neutral potential electrode.) An electrically non-linear component 43 is disposed in contact with the fixed terminal 16 and the other terminal 17. The neutral potential electrode is in direct contact with the resistance component 45 and is electrically connected to the the electronically nonlinear composition includes a resistive component having sufficient elasticity to accommodate the shape of the 1218 zero-electrolytic lamp design

Giant. 4 shows a cross-section of a discharge lamp 49 that is

gel encapsulation 50 P J to the encapsulation he can be created by casting “t.vai” kitten (fti i f or gel coating, creates <> <; Ji c au u po i.b., in terms of protection environment ρ í i i! damp · · ιη and .1-. ,,,, en en tu 'tu m m substances. In addition, encapsulate .-ii i: i a. '. ·' i /! ' * »I I ¹ / - J !. the oxygen from the higher plasma and effect as well as the receiver ! .. -r i i oil energy from hot spots. .J i: You! i i · ·, • «by iiipoi's part was against encapsulation of chemistry ky th · -the. Giant. 5 is a view on stiff marriage ilt '. and: state 70 according to this

6 and FIG. The retaining member 72 is structurally speaking. to include a discharge lamp 12, a resistive component 45 and a zero electrode potential electrode 55, although the resistive component 45 may be. «I» -s. As shown herein, in order to improve the contact with the lamp 12, the resistive component can be made in a curved or other shape. The spring lines 76, 7Π are attached to the discharge · and · serve as electrical interconnecting lines with corresponding insulating disconnecting connectors (Cm. · Shown). The lamp 12 is maintained in a predetermined position along with the resistive member 45 and the neutral electrode 55 electrode by means of the retaining member 72, the retaining cap 74 and the neutral electric potential pin 10. which knife. ·· be. retracted. The aperture 74 may be ultrasonically welded. glued or otherwise melted to the retaining member 72. In order to maintain the necessary distance between the lamp 12 and the electrode ‘55. a spacer 56 protrudes from said electrode 55. The spacer spacer 56 may be. elected, »so. to achieve different levels of voltage failure. The retaining piece 7.2 may be filled with the lacquer encapsulating material. to pour His content.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples.

Examples 1 to 14.

The ingredients listed in Table 1 were blended with a Reed Depressor to disperse the filler for one minute in a vacuum oven. They are cast onto the release liner with PTFE (tetrafluoroethylene poles) and cured. Dálo by! prepared standard test preparation. which will be described in the next paragraph. so that the distance between c i · k Li. 1 and 1 mm.

They were subsequently tested. Although several samples are extended by several samples are shown in Fig. d on the basis of silicone clay l specimens · · · · / standard n.

1

iié i ítk iii i Ji <! no! ,and , No him three ¹ <output field <; ii (r / y Forest L by l 100 cycles. Res. B • dky. to Leré show 1. that ki Jl.lpi on i i: n ip 1 -1 s t i i; kélii i <| ι · l u ma j í

excellent stability based on pulse composition based on insulation resistance cycles. Compositions similar to down to epoxide-based have been shown to be reduced and repetitive to greater than 100 cycles at breakdown and insulation resistivity, equilibrium resistance 2 showed a reduction to less than 10 ohms up to about 41 based on The silicone grease exhibited up to four cycles (see Figure (J). Example 5 destroyed pulse test conditions but insulation resistance up to 1 * 5 cycles in DC failure testing. Figures 9 and 10 show the effect of particle size and filler volume per pulse failure voltage in the case of those samples whose thickness ranged from 0.2'i to 1.0 mm.

Giant. 11 shows. The pulse disturbance of the DC voltage was comparable for a given particle size and volume.

About 1 compositions and compositions

Standard test product.

A circular sample having a diameter of 11.2 mm (i.e. a surface area of cm ² ) and a thickness of 1 mm was cut from cured and inserted into the test fixture shown in cross-section in Fig. 7. The test sample 20 composition was placed between two circular aluminum electrodes 91. have a diameter of approximately 11,2 mm and a surface area in contact with 90 of approximately 100 mm ^; . A carbon sleeve 23 is disposed on the electrodes and has an inner diameter which is reasonably larger than 11.2 mm, and the assembly is inserted into a fastener 94 having support members 23, 23, and the micrometer 97 has been adjusted. so that the spacing between the electrodes 91, 92 is 1 mm. (In the case of the modified pulse failure test, which will be described in the following paragraph, there was the possibility of adjusting different spacing between electrodes from 0.25 to 1.0 mm. If) for deer samples, such a sample had an initial th. When the micrometer was wetted, the excess was removed from the electrode 94 and between the two so that the composition flows out through the electrodes 91. 92 and pu 1 / carbons with the housing 93. )

Standard impulse failure test.

The standard test was performed with a device having dimensions of 1 and ² times 1 mm was inserted into the tester shown in Fig. 7. The insulation resistivity K i of the device was measured before starting the f.est. using a Gera ad 1363 McJ.h. ihmmetru; followed by a calculation of the initial electrical resistivity R'O _t. The device was incorporated into a pulse generator circuit in each cycle, a high energy pulse was developed with a 10 x 1000 ps waveform (CL).

n.ti iist. to a maximum voltage of 10 ps and a half height at 1000 psi and a current of at most 1 A. the voltage at which electricity begins to flow through the gel has been recorded as a pulse fault voltage. Using the standard pulse failure test, five cycles were performed. After five cycles, the final insulation resistivity Rf was measured and the final resistivity Rét was calculated.

Modified pulse failure test.

Samples were prepared that were tested as in the standard Pulse Failure Test, but the electrode spacing varied from 0.25 to 1.0 mm.

Fault test at direct current.

A standard test preparation was incorporated into the circuit and was exposed to 200 volts per second (M1000 DC Tester).

Tension. (The instrument used was a Hipot Model The DC fault was recorded as a voltage at which a 5 milliamp current was flowing through the device.

TABLE I

Example Pu L '/ lile r ul P VI.-I i V ¹ 4) n.iyu uli only <»/ 4 # Test Ri WHAT) Rf (Ω) Test Cycles 1 They sewed the horse  <e l 1 ¹ ) 40.0 1 l 10 ¹² 10 ¹² 100 ALIGN! 2 Rο riiti ji ι Ϊ. at; L  - k / : í ',' S ' •; 5. and 11 10 ¹² 10 ¹² 100 ALIGN! 3 Who grows stronger him.-'. IVU 20 May 20.4 11 IO ¹² <10 ⁵ 4 4 They stitched horses ge l 2 20 May 40.0 Í1 10 ° <10 ⁵ 46 5 Epox i J 20 May 26.4 D * 10 ¹⁰ <10 ⁵ 15 Dec 6 Sewn horse ge l 1 1-5 45.6 Í2. D 7 Sil icon set • is · l 1 1-5 40.0 Í2 8 Sewn horse • íe l 1 1-5 35.1 12 9 With i 1 icon ge l 1 1 -5 26.4 12 10 Sil icon set ge 1 1 20 May 45.6 12, D 11 Sewn horse ge1 1 20 May 35.1 12 12 Sewn horse ge l l 20 May 26.4 12 13 Sewn horse ge l l 20 May 19.3 [2 14 Sewn horse gel l 20 May 13.3 I2xx

Notes to Table l

Silicone gel 1 was a blend of 0.8 parts of the first composition, but consisting of 26 weight percent of polydimethylsiloxane terminated with polynyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane under the trade name Nusil Ply ™ 7520 CS 170 (available from McChan-Nusll). 73.88 weight percent Carbide L45 / 50 CS polyd of Imethylsilylxane silicone liquid diluent (available from Union Carbide), 0.1 weight percent of catalyst with the trade name "Nats Cat ™ 50 <3 to 4X platinum in silicone oil from McUhan-Nus1l) and 0.02 % by weight of the T2160 inhibitor C1.3.5,7-tetravinyltetramethyleyklotetrasiloxane. available from Huls). and 1.0 part of the second composition being folded

73% by weight Carbide 1.45 / 50 CS silicone liquid diluent and 0.9% by weight precent.i l.et f is 3 luzane

i ... tan; by nriy HulsJ.

ZOS í r.uv. of TJ915 <k

The thermo gel is about 30% by weight of a styrene (styrene / petroleum) styrene block copolymer with the trade name Sopfon ™ ΊΟ. The ethylene / pruplylene surfactant is blended to the vapor. dOd.OOO (available from Kuraiay). 37.5% by weight of the cooking oil with the trade name Vltco ™ 330 C (available from Vitco) and 1% by weight of the antioxidant trade name Irganox ™ 13900 (available from tin / / Ciba-) Gelgy).

The silicone lubricant was a mixture of silica and 50 cSt (i.e., 5 x 10 * ⁵ m ² / s) of silicone oil with SUJ 2. which is added until the silicone oil flows through its own weight.

Silicone Gel 2 Ly 1 silicone bi oloctric gel with the trade name SylGard ™ 03-6636 (available from Dow Corn i ng).

The epoxide was a 5 minute epoxide with the trade name “ACE ™ 18G12 (available from Ace il.it dware Nearly .;).

Aluminum powder having an average particle size of 20 microns and a substantially spherical shape is the product designation type 26651 from Adrich Chemicals

Aluminum powder having an average particle size of 1 to 5 microns [sieved on a 325 mesh sieve per 1 inch (i.e. 2.54 cn)] and a substantially spherical shape is a product with the type designation 11067 from Johnson Matiiey.

is a standard Pulse Failure test.

is a modified Pulse Fail Fest.

D is a fault test at direct current.

Examples 15 to 18.

7. reason for destination. whether the poodle compositions of the present invention remain in a conductive state after an intensified discharge. standard test preparations have been made which are listed in Table II. The initial electrical resistivity was measured before exposing the device of the type described in the Impulse Failure Test to electrical resistance. The teaching consisted in the formulation when less than 1 / ohms. The approximate values were calculated according to the lambda formula and the main free pathway of the fraction.

One discharge of such in the weaning; i called Standard After the discharge of the battery.

v. d-11; between lambda particles · * part I n / cJi) ”, when n i i particles i)

I p; pole

Switching the composition was both in particle size. 20 mi of horseradish aluminum switched the distances between the particles obvious · partial all the particles were completely spherical in shape, "not on average the particles were essentially spherical ·.

so even the cartridges at larger j> roto that not

TABLE

II

Example Po lymer J) .Li < Ve l l kosi. (μη) niyo ^ of 1 Ji; with Wish him that Distance between l lambda particles (Cpm) 15 Dec Silicone gel 20 May 40.0 No· 5.6 16 Silicone gel 20 May 1/1 Yes 3.7 17 They sewed a marten gel 20 May 26.4 No· 24.6 18 Sew a horse ge1 20 May 40.0 Yes 15.9

/IN

PATENTOVÍ;

Claims (3)

three. wherein (a) the content is (i) the polymorph of the filler (cb) has an initial degree of disconnection of R 1 of at least 10 6 9 9 ohms / cm; (c) is lacquered; has - i s t.uida; In addition, the composition comprising an initial put hold voltage Vsi, and then the standard formulation is subjected to a standard pulse failure test, said formulation exhibits a final failure voltage Vsi that is from 0.7 Vs to 1.3 -1 of the composition having a finite specific resistance Rt at 25 ° C at or below fm 10 ohms / cm. 1/6 FIG. 1 . ´13! MiSV1A j.uviSÁwgad avy Q 19 Dec ///. FIG. 2 WO 95/33278 discloses CT93 / Q6861 2/6 • over JAiQINlSVIA OH 3AíUSA?; L 6 ‘II · l ·· 01500 y 1 e z i 'f'3 WO 95/33278 P1 / UK-X PCT / US95 / 06867 2. The composition of claim 1. wherein the polymer component comprises a gel. 3. The composition of claim 1 wherein said gel is a Lei brass gel; or Lerridp 1 4. A composition according to claim 1. wherein the particulate filler is a conductive or conductive filler. Composition according to claim 4, characterized in that. wherein the particulate filler filler is selected from the group consisting of metal powders, metal oxide powders. metal carbide powders, metal nitride powders, and borld metal powders. A composition according to claim 5, characterized in that. The particle filler is aluminum. nickel, silver plated nickel. platinum, copper. tantalum, tungsten, iron oxide, doped iron oxide. doped zinc oxide, silicon carbide, titanium carbide or tantalum carbide. - lií - 7. Cc comp claim 1 or 2. IN y z n a C at j and c í s e t í m. that Vst Je lähde: O.B V. · ;, to 1.2 Vsi- '1' i. Composition under le claim 1 don't give 2. in y z n a C at j and c í e L i m. Ži r pomel l < 1 to 1 ·: rujru · · Above 10 ³ . '). Compositions below 1 ·. claim 1 or 2. in y z n a C at j and c í That is pi jčá ke Transverse: ι · 'ι n »/ I» • ktric resistance Ri Yippee at least 10 ^{1 1} uhni; / ciii 10. Compositions under ie claim 1 or 2. in y z u a C at j and c í in that the filler particles have a substantially spherical shape. 95/33278 Ml ⁷ Ml · <H PCT / US95 / 06867 3/6 ----- η 1i8d! ---and