CZ307264B6 - A wall with a pre-wall with improved thermal and acoustic insulation properties - Google Patents

Abstract

A wall (1) with a pre-wall (2) of ceramic blocks (3) has each block (3) formed as a flat rectangular plate, which is, at one side, provided with at least two ribs (4) perpendicular to the flat plate of the block (3) and facing towards the wall (1). A cavity (5), in which an insulant (6) is arranged, is formed between the wall (1) and the pre-wall. The insulant (6) consists of a slurry, air-curable mixture containing a bulk thermal insulating material having a specific volumetric weight of less than 300 kg/m, brick dust, water glass, water and detergent. The pre-wall may be used mainly as a retention wall, from the exterior or interior side, to the existing wall structure of different buildings.

Description

Pre-walled wall with improved thermal and acoustic insulation properties

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of construction, in particular a wall with a wall of ceramic fittings with improved thermal and acoustic insulation properties.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

To increase the heat-insulating and acoustic-insulating properties of bricks, bricks are commonly manufactured with cavities, the so-called hollow brick fittings. Cavity brick fittings are in some cases filled with insulating material which further enhances the thermal and acoustic insulation properties of these fittings. Various solutions are known for creating thermal or acoustic insulating walls of residential buildings. One of them is the creation of the so-called insulation wall on the outside or inside of the existing brick wall of the building, thus creating a multi-layer structure of the perimeter wall or partition with improved thermal insulation and acoustic insulation properties.

The most commonly used are structures made of lightweight plasterboard walls or connected to the supporting metal structure. In the cavity formed in the space between the existing wall and the plasterboard construction is placed an insulator, which can be pulverized, loose or loose, such as polystyrene, perlite, or, for example, a mineral wool board, blown cellulose or wood fiber. These pre-walls are used for aligning existing masonry walls or for conducting divorces in partitions. The disadvantages of this construction are that the plasterboard has low mechanical strength, is susceptible to any slight mechanical damage or abrasion and is not suitable for wet environments unless it has a special treatment.

Another known construction is a pre-wall made of closed brick fittings with an insulating cavity for a thermal and acoustic insulator. Perlite or mineral wool are most often used as insulators. Compared to drywall, such a wall is stronger and more resistant to damage. The disadvantages of this construction are, in particular, the formation of systemic thermal bridges in the joint between the individual fittings and the formation of the thermal bridge by ribs passing through the fitting. Another disadvantage is the need to use a special mortar to compensate for the unevenness of the existing masonry.

These drawbacks are overcome by a fitting formed as a flat plate with at least two ribs arranged perpendicular to the flat plate and protruding on one side. To this side, a shaped counterpart of the insulating material is provided with recesses for placing the ribs in the space of the insulating material. The insulating material is made of polystyrene plate, which can be easily shaped and then glued to the fitting. The insulating block formed in this way then serves to lining the wall of an already built wall by stacking the insulating blocks on top of each other. The disadvantage of this building block is the high cost of manufacturing these blocks, respectively of two structural elements of a specific shape, namely the fitting and the polystyrene insulator. Another disadvantage of this solution is the relatively complicated production of these two elements due to their specific and original shape.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a wall with a ceramic wall with improved thermal and acoustic insulating properties, which overcomes the above-mentioned drawbacks, which exhibits perfect thermal and acoustic insulating properties and minimizes the purchase costs.

- 1 GB 307264 B6

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The aforementioned drawbacks are overcome by a pre-wall with improved thermal and acoustic insulation properties according to the invention. The wall with a wall of ceramic fittings is arranged such that each fitting is formed as a flat rectangular plate which on one side is provided with at least two ribs perpendicular to the flat rectangular plate of the fitting and facing the wall. An insulator is arranged in the cavity formed between the wall and the wall. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The insulator is a slurry of air-curable composition containing 5 to 76 wt. % of the bulk thermal insulation material having a specific gravity of less than 300 kg / m &^lt; ³ > % of brick dust fraction 0.001 to 1 mm, 6 to 30 wt. % water glass, 7 to 30 wt. % water and up to 5 wt. detergent. The slurry is prepared according to the specified recipe directly on site, thereby ensuring the freshness and appropriate consistency of the mixture required to be introduced into the cavity between the wall and the wall. The rheological properties of the mixture thus prepared allow for a smooth and complete filling of the cavity. The advantage of this arrangement is also that the wall can be exposed at different distances to the original wall, which is uneven and has pronounced protrusions and thus create an insulating wall straight, as the slurry consistency of the insulator allows filling cavities of different dimensions and unevenness. the whole volume. After the slurry has hardened, the insulator is hard, has a solid structure and, due to its composition and arrangement in the cavity between the wall and the wall, exhibits excellent thermal and acoustic insulation properties.

In a preferred embodiment, the particulate heat insulating material is expanded polystyrene or expanded perlite or crushed polyurethane foam or crushed foam glass or hollow glass beads or crushed expanded vermiculite or crushed foam polypropylene. The loose thermal insulation material is selected from the group of materials with very low bulk density and high thermal resistance, which are the basic filler of the insulator. The materials used for the preparation of the slurry are recycled raw materials from construction operations, the use of which reduces the environmental burden, which is very desirable today. Loose expanded polystyrene can be recycled, for example, from brick fittings with an integrated polystyrene insulating insert.

Preferably, the composition further comprises 23 to 34 wt. % cement and / or 23 to 34 wt. blast furnace slags. These binder materials provide mixtures with more favorable rheological and thermal and acoustic insulating properties, characterized by a high degree of sound absorption, very low diffusion resistance and very good dimensional stability in the temperature range of -20 ° C to + 70 ° C.

In a preferred embodiment, the fitting is ground, i.e. height calibrated. This allows masonry to be applied to thin joints or polyurethane foam, which ensures easy execution. Each rib is formed with a length of not more than 90 mm. The wall thickness ranges from 100 mm to 200 mm. The main function of such a pre-wall wall is to increase the thermal resistance of the existing structure and increase the airborne sound insulation. Such a pre-formed wall represents a non-load-bearing structural element designed mainly for use in family houses as a pre-wall made from the exterior exterior wall side or from the interior interior side of the existing wall construction. The pre-shaped fittings are designed in such a way that a continuous joint is not created, thus the systematic thermal bridges are reduced, which reduces the insulating properties.

Advantageously, the flat rectangular plates of superimposed shaped pieces are provided with vertical through holes, where the adjacent vertical through holes form a cavity for receiving reinforcing reinforcement. Reinforcement reinforcement increases the stability of the wall. The vertical through hole is preferably arranged at the connection point of the flat rectangular plate to the rib. The flat rectangular plate is preferably provided with just two ribs, and exactly one vertical through hole is provided at each junction of the flat rectangular plate with the rib. This ensures the stability and rigidity of the wall, especially when placing the insulator in the cavity formed between the wall and the wall. In a preferred embodiment, the fitting is provided with an anchoring cavity on the loading surface.

-2GB 307264 B6

The wall is preferably fastened to the wall by means of at least one spacer anchor. Spacer anchor provides greater stability of the wall. Preferably, the spacer anchor is L-shaped, wherein the first arm is fixed to the wall and the second arm extends between the rows of fittings. The second arm of the spacer anchor is preferably attached to the rib of the fitting, preferably extends over a flat rectangular plate of the fitting and its end is bent. In another preferred embodiment, the second arm of the spacer anchor is bent at the end and the bent end is arranged in the anchor cavity. In another preferred embodiment, the spacer anchor is U-shaped, wherein the first leg is fixed to the wall, the base is fixed to the rib, and the second leg is fixed to the flat rectangular plate of the fitting. Thus, the spacer anchor is arranged in the cavity between the wall and the fitting. Distance anchors are fixed to the wall and to the fitting using screws that pass through the wall and the fitting. The anchoring of the wall represents a static assurance of the stability of the wall with the wall, the safe transfer of loads induced from climatic conditions such as wind, temperature.

The face is preferably provided with a lightweight or heat-insulating core plaster, which is further provided with a final surface layer based on silicone, silicate or silicone-silicate plaster. The lightweight core plaster provides weather protection when the wall is located on the outside of the existing wall construction and also includes an aesthetic function for the entire wall wall system. In addition, the ceramic fitting is an ideal base for various plasters.

Advantages of a wall with a pre-wall with improved thermal and acoustic insulating properties according to the invention are in particular its ease of assembly due to the low cost of the composition of the recyclable insulator, the possibility of maintaining the existing wall construction without any surface treatment and showing excellent insulating properties; This leads to a significant increase in thermal resistance and an increase in airborne sound insulation of the original wall structure.

Clarification of drawings

The present invention will be explained in more detail in the following drawings, where:

Fig. 1 shows a view of a two-rib fitting, Fig. 2 shows a wall with a pre-wall and an insulator placed in a cavity, Fig. 3 shows a view of a spacer anchor, L, fastening the wall to the wall; Fig. 5 shows a view of a U-shaped spacer fixing a wall to a wall; Fig. 6 shows a view of a worker adjusting a wall to a wall.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

It is understood that the specific embodiments of the invention described and illustrated below are presented by way of illustration and not by way of limitation of the invention to the examples given. Those skilled in the art will find or will be able to provide, by routine experimentation, more or less equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described herein. These equivalents will also be included within the scope of the following claims.

FIG. 1 shows a ceramic fitting 3 which is designed as a flat rectangular plate, which is provided with two ribs 4 on the inside. The flat rectangular plate of the fitting 4 has dimensions of 375 x 250 x 22 mm and has an anchoring cavity 10 on the loading surface. A vertical through hole is further provided in the region of the plate-rib connection

8. When arranging the individual fittings 3 in a row one above the other, the vertical through holes 8 on each other

The ribs 4 have a length of 60 mm.

In other embodiments, the rib 4 can be up to 90 mm long. The shaped pieces 3 are ground, i.e. height calibrated, thus allowing walling for thin joint mortar, which is very easy to do. The mortar is applied to the fittings 3 by dipping or spreading with a trowel in a layer up to 3 mm. In other embodiments, for example, polyurethane foam or other binder, such as polyurethane or acrylic-based adhesive, may also be used for thin joints. The ribs 4 of the fittings 3 are directed to the existing structure of the wall 1 but do not touch, thereby creating a cavity 5 between the fittings 3 forming the wall 2 and the wall 1. The thickness of the wall 2 is 160 mm. In other embodiments, however, the wall 2 may be narrower or wider, in the range of 100 mm to 200 mm. The bricks 3 braced on each other do not form a continuous joint, thus avoiding systematic thermal bridges.

An insulator 6 is then placed in the cavity 5 formed between the wall 1 and the pre-wall 2 as shown in Fig. 2. The insulator 6 is a slurry of air-curable composition containing a loose thermal insulation material with a specific gravity of less than 300 kg / m ³ , such as expanded polystyrene, perlite, crushed polyurethane, crushed glass and others, brick dust, water glass, water and detergent. In further exemplary embodiments, the insulator 6 may further comprise cement and blast furnace slag. In the following Examples 1-4, the individual mixtures will be described below. The slurry is poured into the cavity 5 formed between the wall 1 and the wall 2 as shown in FIG. 6 after exposure of the forehead 2, as shown in FIG. 6. The slurry mixture is curable to air, thereby solidifying after some time. In the case of masonry wall 2 with the existing wall 1, only four rows of shaped pieces 3 can be bricked per working width, which represents an approx. 1 m high wall 2, followed by filling the cavity 5 with insulator 6 and curing it. The wall 2 is fixed to the wall 1 after the four rows of fittings 3 have been set, by means of spacers 7, which are made in the shape of the letter "L" as shown in Fig. 3. The first arm is fixed to the wall 1 and the second arm is fixed to the rib The four rows of fittings 3 are then lined with four further rows of fittings 3 after curing of the insulator 6 and the second spacing anchor arms 7 thus extending between the rows of fittings 3. This second spacing anchor arm 7 extends over the entire flat plate 3 and its end is hooked. In another exemplary embodiment, the spacer anchor 7 may be located in an anchor cavity that is formed on the loading surface of the flat rectangular plate of the fitting 3. In another further embodiment, the spacer anchor 7 may be U-shaped as shown in FIG. 4 and 5. The first arm of the spacer anchor 7 is fastened to the wall 7, the base is fastened to the rib 4 and the second arm is fastened to the flat rectangular plate of the fitting 3. The spacers 7 are fastened to the fittings 3 and the wall 1 with of screws. The use of spacers 7 is not obligatory, but recommended to achieve a higher strength of the wall assembly 1 and the wall 2.

After hardening on the face side, the wall 2 is provided with a lightweight or thermal insulating core plaster, which is further provided with a final surface layer based on silicone plaster. The entire stack is made according to the regulations of the selected plaster manufacturer. For interior final surface layer is chosen color meeting conditions for use in interiors according to valid regulations.

The main component of the air-curable acoustic and thermal insulator of the present invention is a bulk thermal insulating material having a specific gravity of less than 300 kg / m ³ , such as expanded polystyrene, expanded perlite, crushed polyurethane foam or crushed foam glass; hollow glass spheres or crushed expanded vermiculite or crushed foamed polypropylene, brick dust as a waste of brick cloth, water glass, water and detergent. Further, the composition may comprise cement or blast furnace slag.

The following examples show different compositions of the slurry of acoustic and thermal insulator.

To prepare the slurry of the acoustic and thermal insulator, first, the bulk thermal insulating material is mixed, for example, poured polystyrene with detergent in water. This results in wetting of the polystyrene, whereby polystyrene exhibits better insulating properties. Subsequently, brick dust from abrasion is added to the mixture followed by water with water glass. The mixture thus prepared is subsequently mixed and may be introduced into the cavities.

-4GB 307264 B6

Example 1

The insulator consists of a slurry containing:

loose polystyrene with specific gravity 15 kg / m ³ brick dust water glass with silicate module M _s = SiO ₂ / Na ₂ O 1-1,6 water detergent Etoxon EPA

12.8 wt. 35.5 wt.

29.8 wt.

19.4 wt.

2.5 wt.

The resulting mixture has a density of 71 kg / m ³ , has a red color after curing and is highly cohesive.

Example 2

The insulator consists of a slurry containing:

loose polystyrene with specific density 15 kg / m ³ brick dust cement water glass with silicate module M _s = SiO ₂ / Na ₂ O 1-1,6 water detergent Etoxon EPA

6.2 wt.

23.5 wt.

25.4 wt.

24.1 wt.

20.2 wt.

0.6 wt.

The resulting mixture has a bulk density of 136 kg-m &^lt; ^{3 &gt};, after curing it has a red color and is cohesive.

Example 3

The insulator consists of a slurry containing:

crushed foam glass with specific gravity 230 kg / m ³ brick dust water glass with silicate module M _s = SiO ₂ / Na ₂ O 1-1,6 water detergent Etoxon EPA

74.6 wt. 10.3 wt.

7.1 wt.

7.3 wt.

0.7 wt.

The resulting mixture has a bulk density of 299 kgm &^lt; ^{3 &gt};, after curing it has an orange color and is cohesive.

Example 4

The insulator consists of a slurry containing:

loose polystyrene with specific gravity 15 kg / m ³ brick dust blast furnace granulated slag water glass with silicate module M _s = SiO ₂ / Na ₂ O 1-1,6 water detergent Etoxon EPA

5.8 wt. 25.9 wt. 32.7 wt. 24.0 wt. 10.5 wt.

1.1 wt.

The resulting mixture has a bulk density of 138 kg m &^lt; ^{3 &gt};, after curing it has an orange color and is cohesive.

The slurry thus prepared may subsequently be introduced into the cavities 5 formed between the wall 1 and the row of fittings 3. After the slurry is placed in the cavity 5, the mixture cures in air and the insulator 6 becomes coherent and solid. The walls 2 lined with these fittings 3 subsequently show excellent thermal and acoustic insulation properties.

Industrial applicability

A wall with an improved thermal and acoustic insulation properties according to the invention can be used as a non-loadbearing structural member intended especially for use in family houses as an insulating wall assigned from the exterior or interior side to an existing wall structure which significantly increases the thermal and acoustic insulation properties of the building .

Claims (15)

Wall (1) with a wall (2) made of ceramic fittings (3) with improved thermal and acoustic insulation properties, each fitting (3) being formed as a flat rectangular plate, provided with at least two ribs (4) on one side perpendicular to the flat plate of the fitting (3) and facing the wall (1), wherein an insulator (6) is arranged in the cavity (5) between the wall (1) and the wall (2), characterized in that the insulator (6) is % of an air-curable slurry containing 5 to 76 wt. % of the bulk thermal insulation material having a specific gravity of less than 300 kg / m &^lt; ³ > % of brick dust fraction 0.001 to 1 mm, 6 to 30 wt. % water glass, 7 to 30 wt. % water and up to 5 wt. detergent. Pre-wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the bulk thermal insulating material is expanded polystyrene or expanded perlite or shredded polyurethane foam or shredded foam glass or hollow glass beads or shredded expanded vermiculite or shredded foam polypropylene. A pre-wall according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mixture further comprises 23 to 34 wt. % cement and / or 23 to 34 wt. blast furnace slags. Pre-wall according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fitting (3) is ground and each rib (4) is formed with a length of at most 90 mm and the wall thickness (2) is in the range 100 mm to 200 mm. mm. Pre-wall according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the flat rectangular plates of superimposed shaped pieces (3) are provided with vertical through holes (8), the adjoining vertical through holes (8) forming a cavity for inserting reinforcement reinforcement (9). Pre-wall according to claim 5, characterized in that the vertical through hole (8) is arranged at the connection point of the flat rectangular plate with the rib (4). Pre-wall according to claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the flat rectangular plate is provided with just two ribs (4) and exactly one through hole (8) is arranged at each connection of the flat rectangular plate with the rib (4). Pre-wall according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the fitting (3) is provided with an anchoring cavity (10) on the loading surface. Pre-wall according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the pre-wall (2) is fastened to the wall (1) by means of at least one spacer anchor (7). -6GB 307264 B6 Pre-wall according to claim 9, characterized in that the spacer anchor (7) is L-shaped, wherein the first arm is fixed to the wall (1) and the second arm extends between the rows of fittings (3). Pre-wall according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the second arm of the spacer anchor (7) is attached to the rib of the fitting (3). Pre-wall according to one of Claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the second arm of the spacer anchor (7) overlaps the flat rectangular plate of the fitting (3) and its end is bent. Pre-wall according to one of Claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the second arm of the spacer anchor (7) is bent at the end and the bent end is arranged in the anchor cavity (10). A wall with a pre-wall according to claim 9, characterized in that the spacer anchor (7) is formed in a "U" shape, wherein the first arm is fastened to the wall (1), the base is fastened to the rib (4) and the second arm is fastened to the flat rectangular plate of the fitting (3). Pre-wall according to one of Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the pre-wall (2) is provided on the face side with a lightweight or heat-insulating core plaster, which is further provided with a final surface layer based on silicone, silicate or silicone-silicate plaster.