CZ305782B6 - Crusher of rather softer non-sticky materials, particularly paper, plastics or stalky plants - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a crusher of rather softer non-sticky materials, particularly paper, plastics or stalky plants, provided with rotary crushing disks with crushing teeth arranged on the external circumferential surface thereof. At least two side-by side arranged flat crushing disks (5) have the form of an annulus, and each of them is mounted at least in three driven and/or guide members (3, 4) of one from two shaft systems (1, 2). The shafts comprise at least one driving member (3) for each flat crushing disk (5), whereby the shaft system (1) shafts rotate in opposite direction if compared with the shaft system (2) shafts.

Description

Crusher for softer non-stick materials, especially paper, plastics or straw

Field of technology

The invention relates to a crusher for softer non-stick materials, in particular paper, plastics or straw, provided with rotating crushing discs, on the outer circumferential surface of which crushing teeth are arranged, the crushing discs being arranged coaxially.

Prior art

At present, hammer mills and shredders are mainly used for crushing stalked materials such as straw of cereals, oilseeds or legumes, hay and energy plants. These mills are optimal for crushing grains for scrap. It is possible to crush stalked materials in them, but due to the order of magnitude lower bulk density of stalked materials compared to grains and a completely different character of stalks compared to grains, this method of crushing is not optimal in terms of power or energy, and therefore not economical. For shredding plastics, paper, wood waste and other materials, various single-shaft knife shredders (mills) with fixed counter knives or multi-shaft shredders are used, in which the knife paths partially overlap when rotated in axial view, thus creating effective shredding and shearing surfaces. . A common disadvantage of these constructions is that not only shear occurs at the joints, but also wedge-shaped compression of the material, and therefore occasional wedging of the crushed material. Another common disadvantage of these crushers is the fact that the most efficient crushing occurs only in narrow parts of the crushing cross-sections, at the points of contact of the opposite legs, where all crushed material must pass through this narrowed cross-section. This fact significantly limits the capacity performance of crushers. In addition, any wedging of the material results in excessive strength stress on the shafts and their bearings, reduces the performance of the crushers, requires the use of overload protection and installation of reverse operation, all of which makes not only the design but also the operation of these crushers more expensive.

The object of the invention is to design a crusher with a low energy consumption in comparison with the performance parameters, while reducing the possibility of undesired clogging or compression of the crushed material.

The essence of the invention

The essence of the crusher of softer non-stick materials according to the invention lies in the fact that it comprises at least two juxtaposed flat crushing discs in the shape of an annulus, each mounted in at least three drive and / or guide members of one of two shaft systems, the shafts of which comprise at least one a drive member for each crushing disk, wherein the shafts of one shaft system rotate in the opposite direction to the shafts of the other shaft system. The guide members and the drive members, in each case of one direction of rotation, are mounted coaxially, uniformly around the central axis of the crusher, the flat crushing discs being provided with teeth whose width is greater than the thickness of the crushing discs.

The flat crushing discs are provided on their inner part with wedge-shaped side surfaces for contact with the corresponding wedge-shaped surfaces of the drive members and possibly with a toothing which engages with the toothing on the drive members.

The flat crushing disks can advantageously be provided on their side surfaces with radial and / or tangential and / or helical and / or concentric ribbing.

The advantage of the crusher according to the invention is the uniform, smooth, efficient and fast crushing of the supplied material in the whole profile of the crushing cross-section, both at high and low crushing speeds.

- 1 CZ 305782 B6 discs. The material is not compressed during crushing and is not pulled between the rotors or unwanted wedging. Crushing is smooth, without shocks and without the risk of wedging pieces of crushed material between the crushing discs, it is uniform in the entire through-section of the crusher, and therefore fast and energy-saving.

Another significant advantage of this crusher according to the invention is the fact that it is not necessary to use a gearbox to drive the crusher, since the necessary speed reduction can be ensured by a suitable design of the ratio of drive member diameters to crusher disc inner diameters.

Explanation of drawings

The accompanying figures show a crusher according to the invention, showing:

Fig. 1 is a cross-section of a part of the crushing device, Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of parts of the crushing device, Fig. 3 is a cross-section of the crusher showing the passage of crushed material; Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section of the crusher; detail A of the crushing disc Fig. 7 front and plan view and detail B of the crushing disc.

Examples of embodiments of the invention

Fig. 1 shows a flat crushing disk 5 mounted in three guide members 4, one of the guide members simultaneously representing a drive member 3. Adjacent guide members 4 and drive members 3 are each mounted on a common shaft, with a clockwise rotating shaft. 1, the drive members of the flat crushing discs 5 are connected, between which flat crushing discs 5 connected to the left-hand shaft 2 are arranged, as can be seen in FIG. 2. Each adjacent flat crushing discs 5 always have opposite directions of rotation. Likewise, the shafts for accommodating the guide members 4 have the opposite direction of rotation. The thickness T of the flat crushing discs 5 is less than the thickness S of the material crushing teeth 6 arranged on the circumference of the flat crushing discs 5, so that the crushed material is hit over its entire cross section. a passage between adjacent flat crushing discs 5 from the crusher inlet 8, as shown in Fig. 3, from which the arrangement of the extraction openings 9 for discharging the crushed material from the crusher, the housing of which is provided with webs 10, can be seen.

In the longitudinal section according to Fig. 4 an arrangement of flat crushing discs 5 can be seen, where one part of flat crushing discs 5 is driven by a right-handed shaft 1, while an adjacent part of flat crushing discs 5 is driven by a left-handed shaft 2. The whole crusher housing is then closed Supporting and driving shafts of two shaft systems with clockwise shafts and counterclockwise shafts 2 are rotatably mounted between the support faces 7. Each of these systems comprises three shafts which are coaxially arranged around the central axis of the crusher. The arrangement of the shafts 1, 2 of the individual shaft systems is uniform, i.e. always by 120 °, while the individual shafts 1 and 2 of the two shaft systems are at the same time as close to each other as possible. The arrangement of a possible embodiment of the exhaust openings can be seen in Fig. 5. Fig. 6 then shows a flat crushing disc 5, detail A showing wedge-shaped side surfaces 11 for engagement with the guide 4 and drive members 3. Fig. 7 then shows detail B shows the toothing 12 for forcibly engaging the flat crushing disc 5 with the drive member 3. Other known elements or methods of transmitting torque can also be used for guiding the flat crushing discs 5 and for transmitting torque from the driving members 3 to the flat crushing discs 5. .

-2CZ 305782 B6

The drive of the crusher is provided by two drive units (not shown), which drive each shaft system separately, it being advantageous to select as drive those shafts from both shaft systems 1 and 2 which are closest to the inlet opening 8.

The function of the crusher consists in counter-rotating both shaft systems with clockwise and counterclockwise shafts 1 and 2 and thus in counter-rotating all adjacent flat crushing discs 5, which creates optimal conditions for uniform, smooth, efficient and fast crushing of material throughout the crushing cross section.

The flat crushing discs 5 are narrow cutters having the shape of flat intermediate rings with teeth 6 on the outer cylindrical surface. The inner cylindrical surface is adapted to rotatably bear and guide in guide and drive members located inside the holes of the flat crushing disks 5. The flat crushing disks 5 are rotatably mounted in the guide and drive members of the shafts of at least two shaft assemblies, each of which is formed by at least three shafts. In total, the crusher comprises at least six shafts mounted in opposite support faces of the crusher. Each of the two adjacent flat crushing discs 5 are rotatably mounted alternately in the guide and drive members 4,3 of the shafts of both shaft systems. In the opposite direction of rotation of the shafts of the two shaft systems, this allows the opposite rotation of the adjacent flat crushing discs 5. The respective direction of rotation of each crushing disc 5 corresponds to the opposite direction of the crushing teeth 6.

The grain length of the crushed material depends on the width of the teeth of the crushing discs. The transverse dimension of the grains can be regulated by the number of teeth on the crushing discs, the speed of rotation of the crushing discs and the speed of feeding the material to be crushed. When crushing light bulk materials such as straw, paper and plastics, it is advisable to use forced feeding and pneumatic removal of the pulp. The crushed material can be removed, for example, by two longitudinal channels located on either side of the inlet opening. When crushing materials with a high specific weight, gravity discharge of the crushed stone is possible with the location of the outlet opening at the lowest point of the crusher opposite the inlet opening.

Industrial applicability

The invention is useful for the fine crushing of softer non-stick materials, in particular paper, plastics, wood, straw of cereals, oilseeds or legumes, hay and energy crops, preferably before further processing by granulation or pelletization in biofuels and feed production or direct combustion. The invention can also be used as a perfect shredding device for secret documents or for devaluing paper valuables, CD carriers, etc.

Claims (6)

PATENT CLAIMS A crusher for softer non-stick materials, in particular paper, plastics or straw, provided with rotary crushing discs, on the outer circumferential surface of which crushing teeth are arranged, the crushing discs being arranged coaxially, characterized in that it comprises at least two flat crushing discs arranged next to each other ( 5) in the form of an annulus, each of which is mounted in at least three drive and / or guide members (3, 4) of one of two shaft assemblies (1, 2), the shafts of which comprise at least one drive member (3) for each flat crusher disc (5), the shafts of the shaft system (1) rotating in the opposite direction to the shafts of the shaft system (2). Crusher according to Claim 1, characterized in that the guide members (4) and the drive members (3) of each direction of rotation are arranged coaxially, uniformly around the central axis of the crusher. -3GB 305782 B6 Crusher according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flat crushing discs (5) are provided with teeth (6) whose width (S) is greater than the thickness (T) of the flat crushing discs (5). Crusher according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flat crushing discs (5) are provided on their inner part with wedge-shaped side surfaces (11) for contact with the corresponding wedge-shaped surfaces of the drive members (3). Crusher according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flat crushing discs (5) are provided on their inner part with toothing (12) which engages with toothing on the drive members (3). Crusher according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flat crushing discs (5) are provided on their side surfaces with radial and / or tangential and / or helical and / or concentric ribs.