CZ2008768A3 - Crusher of softer non-clogging materials, particularly paper, plastics or culm plants - Google Patents

Abstract

The crushing soft non-stick material is provided with at least two side-by-side rotary crushing disks (5) on which outer crushing teeth are arranged. The crushing disks (5) are in the form of a flat annular ring, each of which is mounted in at least three drive and / or guide members (3, 4) of one of the two shaft assemblies (1, 2), the shafts of which comprise at least one drive member (3). ) for each grinding disc (5), wherein the shafts of the shaft assembly (1) rotate in the opposite direction to the shafts of the shaft assembly (2).

Description

Crusher of softer non-sticky materials, especially paper, plastic or straw.

Technical field

The invention relates to a crusher of softer non-sticky materials, in particular paper, plastic or straw, provided with rotary crushing discs, on the outer peripheral surface of which crushing teeth are arranged, the crushing discs being aligned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Presently, hammer mills, shredders are used for crushing stalks such as straw of cereals, oilseeds or legumes, hay and energy plants. These mills are optimal for crushing grains into scrap. It is possible to crush stalks, but due to the orderly lower bulk density of stalks compared to grains and the completely different character of stalks compared to grains, this method of crushing is not optimal in terms of performance or energy, and therefore economically. For crushing of plastics, paper, wood waste and other materials, a variety of single-shaft knives (mills) with solid counter-knives or multi-shaft crushers are used, where the knife paths overlap axially when rotated, creating effective crushing and shearing surfaces . A common disadvantage of these constructions is that not only shear but also wedge compression of the material occurs at the contact points and therefore occasionally wedges the crushed material. A further common disadvantage of these crushers is the fact that the most effective crushing occurs only in the narrow parts of the crushing cross-sections, at the points of contact of the counter-blades, where all the crushed material must pass through this narrowed cross-section. This significantly reduces the capacity of the crushers. In addition, any material jamming results in excessive strength stresses on the shafts and their bearings, reduces crusher performance, requires the use of overload protection and reverse drive installation, which not only increases the design but also the operation of the crusher.

It is an object of the invention to design a crusher with a low energy consumption compared to performance parameters, while reducing the possibility of undesired fouling or compression of the crushed material.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The essence of the softer non-sticky material shredder according to the invention is that it comprises at least two side-by-side crushing discs in the form of a flat annulus, each of which is mounted in at least three drive and / or guide members of one of the two shaft assemblies. a drive member for each crushing disk, wherein the shafts of one shaft assembly rotate in the opposite direction to the shafts of the other shaft assembly. The guide members and the drive members of each direction of rotation are aligned coaxially, evenly around the center axis of the crusher, the crushing discs being provided with teeth whose width is greater than the thickness of the crushing discs.

The crushing disks are provided on their inner part with wedge-shaped side faces for contact with corresponding wedge-shaped surfaces of the drive members and, optionally, with a toothing which engages the toothing on the drive members.

The crushing disks may advantageously be provided with radial and / or tangential and / or spiral and / or concentric ribs on their side surfaces.

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The advantage of the crusher according to the invention is the uniform, continuous, efficient and fast crushing of the feed material throughout the crushing cross-section profile, both at high and low rotational speed of the crushing discs. The material is not compressed during crushing and is not drawn in between the rotors or unwanted wedging. The crushing is continuous, without impact and without the risk of wedge of pieces of crushed material between the crushing discs, is uniform throughout the entire cross-section of the crusher and therefore fast and energy efficient.

Another important advantage of the crusher according to the invention is that it is not necessary to use a gearbox to drive the crusher, since the necessary speed reduction can be ensured by a suitable design of the ratio of the diameters of the drive members to the inner diameters of the grinding wheels.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the accompanying drawings, a crusher according to the invention is shown, showing:

FIG. 1 is a cross-section of a crusher; FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section of a crusher; FIG. 3 is a cross-section of the crusher showing the crushed material passage; FIG. 4 is a longitudinal section of the crusher; FIG. Fig. 7 is a front and plan view and detail B of the crushing disk.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 shows a crushing disk 5 mounted in three guide members 4, one of which simultaneously constitutes a drive member 3. The guide members 4 and the drive members 3 arranged next to each other are supported on a common shaft, with the right-hand shaft 1 are coupled to the drive members of the crushing discs 5, between which the crushing discs 5 are connected to the left-hand shaft 2, as shown in FIG. The adjacent grinding wheels 5 each have the opposite sense of rotation. Similarly, the shafts for receiving the guiding members 4 have the opposite sense of rotation. The thickness T of the grinding wheels 5 is smaller than the thickness S of the material crushing teeth 6 arranged on the periphery of the grinding wheels 5 so that the material to be crushed. 3, which shows the arrangement of the discharge openings 9 for discharging the crushed material from the crusher, the housing of which is provided with webs 10.

The longitudinal section according to FIG. 4 shows the arrangement of the grinding wheels 5, one part of the grinding wheels 5 being driven by a right-hand shaft 1, while the adjacent part of the grinding wheels 5 is driven by a left-hand shaft 2. The support and drive shafts of the two right-hand shaft shafts and the left-hand shafts 2 are rotatably mounted between the support faces 7. Each of these assemblies comprises three shafts that are coaxially distributed about the center axis of the crusher. The spacing of the shafts 1, 2 of the individual shaft assemblies is uniform, i.e. in 120 ° increments, with the individual shafts 1 and 2 of the two shaft assemblies being as close together as possible. An arrangement of a possible embodiment of the exhaust openings is shown in FIG. 5. FIG. 6 shows the crushing disc 5, with detail A showing the wedge-shaped side surfaces 11 for engaging the guiding 4 and driving the drive members 3. FIG. In detail B, a toothing 12 is shown to forcefully engage the crushing disc 5 with the drive member 3. Other known elements or methods of torque transmission can also be used to guide the crushing discs 5 and to transfer torque from the drive members 3 to the crushing discs.

The drive of the crusher is provided by two drive units (not shown) driving each shaft assembly separately, and it is preferable to select as drive shafts from both shaft assemblies 1 and 2 that are closest to the inlet port 8.

The function of the crusher is to counter-rotate both shaft assemblies with right-handed and left-handed shafts 1 and 2 and thus to counter-rotate all adjacent crushing discs 5, which creates optimum conditions for uniform, continuous, efficient and fast crushing of material throughout the crushing cross section.

The crushing disks 5 are narrow milling cutters having the shape of flat circular rings with the teeth 6 on the outer cylindrical surface. The inner cylindrical surface is adapted to be rotatably supported and guided in guide and drive members disposed within the apertures of the crushing discs 5. The crushing discs 5 are rotatably supported in the shaft guide and drive members of the shafts of at least two shaft assemblies each comprising at least three shafts. In total, the crusher comprises at least six shafts mounted in opposing support faces of the crusher. Each two adjacent grinding wheels 5 are rotatably mounted alternately in the shaft guiding and driving members 4.5 of the two shaft assemblies. In the opposite direction of rotation of the shafts of the two shaft assemblies, this allows the opposite crushing discs 5 to rotate. The opposite direction of the crushing teeth 6 corresponds to the respective direction of rotation of each crushing disc 5.

The grain length of the crushed material depends in particular on the tooth width of the grinding wheels. The transverse grain size can be controlled by the number of teeth on the grinding wheels, the speed of rotation of the grinding wheels and the feed rate of the material to be crushed. For crushing lightweight materials such as straw, paper and plastics, it is advisable to use forced feed and pneumatic debris. The crushed material can be removed, for example, by two longitudinal channels located on either side of the inlet opening. In the crushing of high density materials, gravitational discharge of the pulp is possible with the location of the outlet opening at the lowest point of the crusher opposite the inlet opening.

Industrial applicability

The invention is useful for finely grinding softer non-sticky materials, in particular paper, plastics, wood, straw, cereals, oilseeds or legumes, hay and energy plants, preferably before further processing by granulation or pelletization in the production of biofuels and feeds or before their direct combustion. The invention can also be used as a perfect document shredder or for the destruction of paper valuables, CDs or the like.

Claims (6)

PATENT CLAIMS Crusher of softer non-sticky materials, in particular paper, plastics or straw, provided with rotary crushing discs, on the outer peripheral surface of which crushing teeth are arranged, the crushing discs being arranged coaxially, characterized in that it comprises at least two crushing discs (5) ) in the form of a flat annulus, each of which is housed in at least three drive and / or guide members (3,4) of one of the two shaft assemblies (1,2), the shafts of which comprise at least one drive member (3) for each grinding wheel (5), wherein the shafts of the shaft assembly (1) rotate in the opposite direction to the shafts of the shaft assembly (2). Crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide members (4) and the drive members (3) of each direction of rotation are mounted coaxially, uniformly around the center axis of the crusher. Crusher according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the crushing disks (5) are provided with teeth (6) whose width (S) is greater than the thickness (T) of the crushing disks (5). Crusher according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the crushing discs (5) are provided with wedge-shaped side surfaces (11) on their inner part for contact with corresponding wedge-shaped surfaces of the drive members (3). Crusher according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the crushing disks (5) are provided with a toothing (12) on their inner part which engages the toothing on the drive members (3). Crusher according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the crushing discs (5) are provided with radial and / or tangential and / or spiral and / or concentric ribs on their side surfaces.