CZ30184U1 - Unfired pressed bearing plate for firing ceramic products, especially sanitary ceramics - Google Patents
Unfired pressed bearing plate for firing ceramic products, especially sanitary ceramics Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
Nepálená lisovaná podkladová deska pro výpal keramických výrobků, zejména sanitární keramikyUnfired pressed base plate for firing ceramic products, especially sanitary ceramics
Oblast technikyField of technology
Technické řešení se týká keramického průmyslu, konkrétně nepálené lisované podkladové desky pro výpal keramických výrobků, zejména sanitární keramiky a jejích dílů při vysoké teplotě.The technical solution concerns the ceramic industry, in particular unfired pressed base plates for firing ceramic products, in particular sanitary ceramics and their parts at high temperature.
Dosavadní stav technikyPrior art
V keramickém průmyslu, zejména sanitární keramice, jsou výrobky a jejich díly při výpalu za vysoké teploty, obvykle okolo 1250 °C, umístěny na předem vypálené keramické desky. Důvodem tohoto postupu je zabránit deformacím a/nebo poškození vzniklým trhlinami výrobků a jejich dílů, ke kterému dochází vlivem smršťování během výpalu. Umístěním výrobku na podkladovou desku, která se v průběhu výpalu spolu s výrobkem smršťuje, se těmto nežádoucím jevům zabrání.In the ceramic industry, especially sanitary ware, products and their parts are placed on pre-fired ceramic plates when fired at high temperatures, usually around 1250 ° C. The reason for this procedure is to prevent deformations and / or damage caused by cracks in the products and their parts, which occur due to shrinkage during firing. By placing the product on a base plate, which shrinks together with the product during firing, these undesirable phenomena are avoided.
V minulosti se podkladové desky resp. pálicí podložky vyráběly přímo u producentů příslušných výrobků, především sanitárního zboží z hmoty používané k výrobě tohoto zboží. .Tento postup se však ukázal jako technologicky značně náročný a ekonomicky velmi nevýhodný.In the past, the base plates resp. burning pads were produced directly by the producers of the products concerned, in particular sanitary ware, from the material used to manufacture those goods. .However, this procedure proved to be very technologically demanding and economically very disadvantageous.
V současné době jsou nejčastěji používány podkladové desky, které jsou po vylisování předem vypalovány, tzv. předvýpalem tak, aby získaly dostatečnou mechanickou pevnost, nedocházelo při výpalu k deformacím případně k roztrhání, a aby byly odolné proti působení vody. Toto řešení založené na předběžném vypálení podkladové desky, jako tzv. Pre Fired Base, je popsáno v dokumentu WO 2009/156138. Nevýhodou tohoto řešení, založeného na předvýpalu podkladové desky, je vysoká spotřeba energie potřebné k předvýpalu na vysokou teplotu, vedle spotřeby velkého množství energie dochází dále vlivem nerovnoměrností teploty při výpalu v provozní peci, také k nezanedbatelnému kolísání technických parametrů vyrobených desek, konkrétně smrštění a pevnosti, což může vést až k poškození výrobku vypalovaného na této desce.At present, base plates are most often used, which are pre-fired after pressing, so-called pre-firing, so as to obtain sufficient mechanical strength, there are no deformations or tearing during firing, and to be resistant to water. This solution based on pre-firing the base plate, as a so-called Pre Fired Base, is described in WO 2009/156138. The disadvantage of this solution, based on pre-firing of the base plate, is the high energy consumption required for pre-firing to high temperature, in addition to consuming a large amount of energy due to temperature unevenness in firing in the operating furnace, also considerable fluctuations , which can lead to damage to the product fired on this board.
Na trhu se v omezené míře vyskytují nepálené podkladové desky na jílové bázi, vyrobené lisováním z rozprachově sušeného granulátu. Jejich technické vlastnosti, jako nízká mechanická pevnost, extrémní křehkost, deformace a praskám při výpalu i náročnost nanášení izolace, značně omezují jejich použitelnost a současně nezaručují kvalitní výpal výrobků umístěných na těchto deskách.There are a limited number of unfired clay-based substrates on the market, made by compression molding from spray-dried granules. Their technical properties, such as low mechanical strength, extreme brittleness, deformation and cracks during firing, as well as the complexity of applying insulation, significantly limit their applicability and at the same time do not guarantee quality firing of products placed on these boards.
Úkolem technického řešení je vytvoření nepálené lisované podkladové desky pro výpal keramických výrobků, zejména sanitární keramiky, která by odstraňovala výše uvedené nedostatky, která by vykazovala vysokou mechanickou pevnost a stabilitu i při teplotách nad 1250 °C, a která by zabraňovala deformacím či poškození vypalovaného výrobku při výpalu na této desce.The task of the technical solution is to create an unfired pressed base plate for firing ceramic products, especially sanitary ceramics, which would eliminate the above shortcomings, which would show high mechanical strength and stability even at temperatures above 1250 ° C, and which would prevent deformation or damage to the fired product. when firing on this board.
Podstata technického řešení výše uvedené nedostatky popisuje nepálená lisovaná podkladová deska pro výpal keramických výrobků, zejména sanitární keramiky podle tohoto technického řešení. Podstata technického řešení spočívá v tom, že je tvořena směsí obsahující alespoň jednu alumosilikátovou sloučeninu s frakcí v rozmezí od 0,1 pm do 100 pm a 0,5 až 15 %° hmotn. alkalického aktivátoru. Díky vhodnému složení směsi, je potřebné manipulační pevnosti a definovaného smrštění dosaženo alkalickou aktivací a následného vysušení, bez nutnosti předběžného vypálení desky.The essence of the technical solution of the above-mentioned shortcomings is described by an unfired pressed base plate for firing ceramic products, especially sanitary ceramics according to this technical solution. The essence of the technical solution lies in the fact that it consists of a mixture containing at least one aluminosilicate compound with a fraction in the range from 0.1 μm to 100 μm and 0.5 to 15% by weight. alkaline activator. Thanks to the suitable composition of the mixture, the required handling strength and defined shrinkage is achieved by alkaline activation and subsequent drying, without the need for pre-firing of the board.
S výhodou je alumosilikátová sloučenina vybrána ze skupiny: jílové zeminy na bázi kaolinu, metakaolinu či mikromletého jílu, živco-křemenné směsi, vypálené keramické střepy či jejich vzájemná kombinace. Směs alumosilikátových sloučenin je navržena tak, aby umožnila výpal keramických výrobků na teploty minimálně 1250 °C a při výpalu zabránila nebo omezila vznik deformací, případně trhlin keramických výrobků.Preferably, the aluminosilicate compound is selected from the group: clays based on kaolin, metakaolin or micronized clay, feldspar-quartz mixtures, fired ceramic shards or a combination thereof. The mixture of aluminosilicate compounds is designed to enable the firing of ceramic products at temperatures of at least 1250 ° C and to prevent or limit the formation of deformations or cracks in ceramic products during firing.
Ve výhodném provedení obsahuje směs tří alumosilikátových sloučenin, a to kaolin frakce od 0,2 pm do 15 pm, živco-křemennou směs frakce od 0,5 pm do 50 pm a vypálené keramické střepy frakce od 0,5 pm do 60 pm.In a preferred embodiment, the mixture comprises three aluminosilicate compounds, namely a kaolin fraction from 0.2 μm to 15 μm, a feldspar quartz mixture from 0.5 μm to 50 μm and fired ceramic shards from 0.5 to 60 μm.
-1 CZ 30184 UI-1 CZ 30184 UI
V jiném výhodném provedení obsahuje směs čtyř alumosilikátových sloučenin mikromletý jíl frakce od 0,1 pm do 30 pm, metakaolin frakce od 0,2 pm do 20 pm, živco-křemennou směs frakce od 0,5 pm do 50 pm a vypálené keramické střepy frakce od 1 pm do 100 pm.In another preferred embodiment, the mixture of four aluminosilicate compounds comprises micronized clay fractions from 0.1 μm to 30 μm, metakaolin fraction from 0.2 μm to 20 μm, feldspar-quartz mixture fraction from 0.5 μm to 50 μm and fired ceramic shards fraction from 1 pm to 100 pm.
S výhodou je alkalický aktivátor vybrán ze skupiny, hydroxid sodný a/nebo hydroxid draselný 5 a/nebo křemičitan sodný a/nebo křemičitan draselný.Preferably, the alkaline activator is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide and / or potassium hydroxide 5 and / or sodium silicate and / or potassium silicate.
Deska je ve výhodném provedení na povrchu opatřena vrstvou izolační hmoty na bázi oxidu hlinitého. Díky unikátnímu složení směsi desky je zajištěna dostatečná nasákavost a odolnost při nanášení vodné suspenze izolační hmoty. Izolační vrstvu lze nanášet stříkáním, poléváním, natíráním nebo namáčením vodné suspenze izolační hmoty.In a preferred embodiment, the plate is provided with a layer of alumina-based insulating material on the surface. Thanks to the unique composition of the board mixture, sufficient absorbency and resistance is ensured when applying an aqueous suspension of insulating material. The insulating layer can be applied by spraying, pouring, painting or dipping an aqueous suspension of the insulating material.
ίο Deska je s výhodou opatřena hladkým nebo profilovaným povrchem, dále může být vyráběna a používána v různých tvarech a velikostech podle potřeb výrobců keramických výrobků.The plate is preferably provided with a smooth or profiled surface, and can also be manufactured and used in various shapes and sizes according to the needs of ceramic manufacturers.
Výhody nepálené lisované podkladové desky pro výpal keramických výrobků, zejména sanitární keramiky podle tohoto technického řešení spočívají zejména v tom, že deska vykazuje vysokou mechanickou pevnost a stabilitu i při teplotách nad 1250 °C a zabraňuje deformacím či poškození 15 vypalovaného výrobku při výpalu na této desce.The advantages of unfired pressed base plate for firing ceramic products, especially sanitary ceramics according to this technical solution are mainly that the plate shows high mechanical strength and stability even at temperatures above 1250 ° C and prevents deformation or damage of fired product during firing on this plate .
Příklady uskutečnění technického řešeníExamples of technical solution
Rozumí se, že dále popsané a zobrazené konkrétní případy uskutečnění technického řešení jsou představovány pro ilustraci, nikoliv jako omezení technického řešení na uvedené příklady. Odborníci znalí stavu techniky najdou nebo budou schopni zajistit za použití rutinního experimento20 vání větší či menší počet ekvivalentů ke specifickým uskutečněním technického řešení, která jsou zde popsána. I tyto ekvivalenty budou zahrnuty v rozsahu následujících nároků na ochranu.It is to be understood that the specific embodiments of the technical solution described and illustrated below are presented for illustration, not as a limitation of the technical solution to the examples given. Those skilled in the art will find or be able to provide, by routine experimentation, more or less equivalents to the specific embodiments of the technical solutions described herein. These equivalents will also be included in the scope of the following protection claims.
Příklad 1Example 1
Ke směsi tří umletých alumosilikátových surovin, a to kaolinu, živco-křemenné směsi a pálených keramických střepů s frakcí neboli střední velikostí zrna d50 = 11,5 pm, se přidá 5,1 % alkalic25 kého aktivátoru, a to hydroxidu sodného a křemičitanu sodného a po homogenizaci je ze směsi vylisována deska o rozměrech 400 x 400 x 9 mm. Tato deska po alkalické aktivaci při teplotě 25 °C a následném vysušení při teplotě 95 °C vykazuje následující technické parametry:To a mixture of three ground aluminosilicate raw materials, namely kaolin, feldspar-quartz mixture and fired ceramic shards with a fraction or mean grain size d50 = 11.5 μm, add 5.1% alkaline activator, namely sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate, and after homogenization, a plate measuring 400 x 400 x 9 mm is extruded from the mixture. This plate, after alkaline activation at 25 ° C and subsequent drying at 95 ° C, has the following technical parameters:
Mechanická pevnost v ohybuMechanical flexural strength
Smrštění po výpalu na 1250 °CShrinkage after firing at 1250 ° C
Nasákavost za studenáCold absorbency
Příklad 2 ll,6±0,5MPaExample 2 11.6 ± 0.5 MPa
7,4 ± 0,3 % > 5 % bez porušení desky7.4 ± 0.3%> 5% without breaking the plate
Ke směsi čtyř umletých alumosilikátových surovin, a to mikromletého jílu, metakaolinu, živcokřemenné směsi a pálených keramických střepů s frakcí neboli se střední velikostí zrna d50 = 23,8 pm se přidá 6,5 % alkalického aktivátoru, a to hydroxidu draselného a křemičitanu 35 sodného a po homogenizaci je ze směsi vylisována deska o rozměrech 655 x 326 x 10 mm. Tato deska je po alkalické aktivaci při teplotě 85 °C a následném vysušení při teplotě 105 °C vykazuje následující technické parametry.6.5% of an alkaline activator, namely potassium hydroxide and sodium silicate 35, is added to a mixture of four ground aluminosilicate raw materials, namely micronized clay, metakaolin, feldspar mixture and fired ceramic shards with a fraction or medium grain size d50 = 23.8 μm. and after homogenization, a plate measuring 655 x 326 x 10 mm is extruded from the mixture. After alkaline activation at 85 ° C and subsequent drying at 105 ° C, this plate has the following technical parameters.
Mechanická pevnost v ohybuMechanical flexural strength
Smrštění po výpalu na 1250 °CShrinkage after firing at 1250 ° C
Nasákavost za studenáCold absorbency
10,4 ± 0,5 MPa10.4 ± 0.5 MPa
7,5 ± 0,3 % > 5 % bez porušení desky7.5 ± 0.3%> 5% without breaking the board
Průmyslová využitelnostIndustrial applicability
Nepálená lisovaná podkladová deska pro výpal keramických výrobků, zejména sanitární keramiky podle tohoto technického řešení lze využít při výpalu za vysokých teplot pro zabránění deformací či poškození vypalovaného keramického výrobku umístěného na této desce.Unfired pressed base plate for firing ceramic products, especially sanitary ceramics according to this technical solution can be used for firing at high temperatures to prevent deformation or damage to the fired ceramic product placed on this plate.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (2)
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CZ2016-33027U CZ30184U1 (en) | 2016-11-09 | 2016-11-09 | Unfired pressed bearing plate for firing ceramic products, especially sanitary ceramics |
PCT/CZ2017/050056 WO2018086640A1 (en) | 2016-11-09 | 2017-11-09 | An unfired pressed underplate for the firing process for ceramic products, in particular sanitary ceramics |
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CZ2016-33027U CZ30184U1 (en) | 2016-11-09 | 2016-11-09 | Unfired pressed bearing plate for firing ceramic products, especially sanitary ceramics |
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CZ30184U1 true CZ30184U1 (en) | 2016-12-20 |
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EP3839080A1 (en) | 2019-12-17 | 2021-06-23 | ImerTech SAS | Kiln support kits and parts of kits for deformation and breakage free high temperature treatment of products, and use thereof |
AT526156B1 (en) * | 2023-05-10 | 2023-12-15 | Hod House Of Desert R&D Gmbh | Composition for producing components |
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CA650161A (en) * | 1962-10-09 | B. Sauls John | Fast firing ceramic composition | |
ITMC20080123A1 (en) | 2008-06-24 | 2008-09-23 | Aldero S N C | EARLY BASE FOR COOKING CERAMIC ITEMS. |
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