CZ297936B6 - Floor construction and process for making the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a floor construction produced using monolithic technology on formwork (5 through 13), concrete mass and additional expanding bodies (3), whereby the bottom layer of the floor construction contains a mesh (2) or other diaphragm on which, through a layer of adhesive (4), expanding bodies (3) are laid, around which expanding bodies (3) the reinforcement is arranged so that it forms ribs for the reinforcement in one way or multiple ways at different angles while the expanding elements do not run throughout the whole thickness of the floor construction, and while the space between and above the expanding bodies (3) is filled by concrete mass (4), also passing through the mesh (2) in uncovered areas. The method of production consists in applying a separator on the floor formwork, after which a mesh or other diaphragm is spread on the formwork, the bottom surfaces of the expanding bodies that are in contact with the mesh or other diaphragm are joined to the mesh by pushing an adhesive through the mesh or by being simply glued onto the other diaphragm and the reinforcing elements are placed between the expanding bodies, after which, when the expanding bodies are firmly fixed to the mesh or other diaphragm, the concrete mass is cast around the expanding bodies and above them.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a ceiling structure of monolithic reinforced concrete, to the arrangement of the main load-bearing elements and to a method for its manufacture. The ceiling construction is made of monolithic technology and is made on formwork and consists of reinforcement, concrete and other relief material.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

When designing and subsequently manufacturing ceiling structures (generally for all surface structures that are loaded perpendicular to their area), we face the fact that as the distance between the supports increases, the net weight of the structure begins to exceed the amount of load to be carried by the structure. Until now, full-section slabs of reinforced concrete horizontal (ceiling) structures are used today without exception. As the distance between the supports increases further, the necessary thickness of this horizontal structure and with it the weight of the structure increases relatively quickly. For example, while the support distance increases by only 25%, the net weight increases by up to 50%. The problem with its own weight is intensified by the so-called creep of reinforced concrete constructions, where for solid ceiling slabs from a slab thickness of 200 mm the creep component constitutes an absolute share of the total deformation. For constructions around 300 mm thick, this creep component is already dominant. Therefore, designers have sought and are looking for ways to relieve these structures while retaining their essential functions. One way of solving this problem is to have a different arrangement of support ribs, in combination with voids or materials of significantly less density than concrete, in one or two perpendicular directions. The second way is to find and find concrete mix components that are lighter than natural aggregates.

In the field of production of reinforced concrete ceiling constructions, there are known processes in which formwork is made in the first stage of production, reinforcement and lightening elements are stored in the second stage and the concrete mixture is laid in the third stage, so that the unloading is done as follows:

the empty space between the supporting ribs is made up of classic wooden shuttering, or

- the empty space between the load-bearing ribs is made up of various plastic elements which after removal of the entire ceiling structure, like the timber formwork, are removed and are ready for further use or remain part of the ceiling structure,

- furthermore, it is possible to create an empty space in the middle of the thickness of the ceiling structure again by plastic elements which remain part of the ceiling structure because they are poured by concrete from below.

The first two methods described above create a ceiling structure with an uneven bottom surface. The flat lower surface of the ceiling construction is only created subsequently if this is required by the nature of the ceiling. In the third manner described, a flat lower surface of the ceiling structure is created, but the relief is less.

From the CZ 184749 file a process is known in which the boxes are made in advance from a woody material.

In this case, however, it is not a classical monolithic reinforced concrete technology, as the formwork of the lower surface of the future structure is not carried out, because the boxes form the so-called permanent formwork. The design of the boxes shows that the irregularities of the shape and support of the ceiling structures or the loading of the ceiling structure can be solved only to a limited extent.

The use of materials with very low bulk density does not occur in the constructions described, as there is a risk of leaching these during concreting (laying of concrete).

-1 CZ 297936 B6

It is known from AT 398 218 to a lightweight ceiling structure in which lightweight elements such as styrene are arranged between the ceiling ribs. However, these lightweight elements are transversely penetrated by different wires so that the lightweight elements can be fixedly fixed to the lower and upper horizontal wire surfaces. This is to avoid flooding uncontrolled when pouring concrete. The preparation of the ceiling construction is therefore very laborious, as well as the preparation of the relief elements before assembly. Shaped slabs are used to allow the concrete to come partly under the lightweight element and thus fix it from below, but for this reason the ceiling is not flat from below, but at the place where the slabs were placed.

GB 1 388 846 discloses a method of manufacturing ribbed lightweight ceilings by assembling a ceiling formwork, attaching to the ceiling formwork relief bodies between which reinforcing elements are placed and around the lightweight bodies, and concrete is applied over them. Thereafter, the ceiling is left with the board as lost formwork, or it is removed and the polystyrene relief bodies are removed. This creates a ribbed ceiling. However, such a method is impractical because it is difficult to fix the relief bodies, the underside is either a non-aesthetic plate, or a considerable effort has to be made to remove it and either difficult to remove the bodies, which can lead to damage to the ceiling or .

It is an object of the present invention to provide a ceiling structure which is lightweight, yet sufficiently strong and load-bearing, and at the same time has a smooth bottom surface and does not need any further treatment after manufacture. All made at the same time.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The aforementioned drawbacks of the reinforced concrete monolithic structures as described above largely eliminate the ceiling structure made according to the present invention, which is based on the fact that at the bottom surface of the ceiling structure there is a mesh or other membrane on which a relief layer is arranged solids and concrete mass also permeate the mesh on its free sections.

In a preferred embodiment, the mesh deposited at the lower surface of the structure is made of fiberglass or plastic fibers and is well extrudable and wettable with an adhesive to adhere the relief elements.

In a further preferred embodiment, the diaphragm disposed at the lower surface of the structure is designed only as a retaining layer for fixing the position of the relief bodies. The diaphragm does not have a supporting function for creating a soffit and only serves to steadily align the relief bodies in the desired positions, and can also perform another function.

The principle of manufacturing a ceiling structure is that before placing the reinforcement and then applying concrete between and above the relief elements, the separator is first applied to the ceiling formwork, then the netting or other membrane is spread over the formwork, whereupon the lower surfaces of the in contact with the netting or other membrane, it is firmly attached to the netting by forcing the adhesive through the netting or simply adhering to the other membrane.

Overview of the drawings

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a front schematic cross-sectional view of a ceiling structure after construction; FIG. 2 is a side schematic cross-sectional view of a ceiling structure; and FIG.

-2GB 297936 B6

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

It can be seen from Figures 1 and 2 that the ceiling structure according to the invention consists of a supporting netting 2 which is laid on the formwork 1, furthermore of lightweight polystyrene bodies 3, various reinforcement and concrete mass 14. The position of the bottom reinforcement is secured by spacers 5. The main lower longitudinal support reinforcement 6 is then laid on them. The spatial reinforcement 7 is then laid. The lower two bars of the space reinforcement 7 reinforce and complement the main longitudinal support reinforcement 6. Both reinforcement 6 and 7 are located in the concrete ribs. Then the transverse support reinforcement 9, the upper spacers 8 of the upper support net 10, the additional upper reinforcement 12. A supplementary structural reinforcement 13 is added between the spatial reinforcement 7 as required. The upper bar of the spatial reinforcement 7 and the upper net 10 must be joined, e.g. .

Between the ceiling support net 2 and the polystyrene relief bodies 3, there is a thin layer of adhesive 4. The ceiling structure thus formed is sufficiently strong, yet suitably lightened, and also comprises a ceiling surface. It is formed by a mesh 2 which is straight and on which a final layer, i.e. a finish, such as a plaster, can be applied.

Alternatively, another membrane may be used instead of netting, e.g. a suitable compact fabric that does not need to be meshed, which will not have a supporting function to form a soffit but serve to steadily align the relief bodies 3 in the desired positions and may have other functions, e.g. .

It can be seen in FIG. 3 how the polystyrene relief bodies 3 are shaped, that is to say, in the shape of prisms, and how they are placed on the formwork 1 and the mesh 2 respectively. The polystyrene relief bodies 3 may have any shape, however prisms appear to be the optimal solution. It is essential that the surface with which the polystyrene relief bodies 3 are laid on the netting 2 is flat so that any possible underflow of concrete is not great.

It is also clear from this figure how the ceiling structure according to the invention is produced. A separator is applied to a flat boarded surface (future lower surface of the ceiling structure) and a netting 2 is spread onto which a lightweight element 3 in the form of prisms is attached by a suitable adhesive 4. These prisms may have different shapes, but there must be enough space between the prisms to accommodate the supporting reinforcement that is necessary to ensure the overall load-bearing capacity and strength of the ceiling structure. The arrangement of these lightening prisms may be different, but it is preferred that this arrangement forms a perpendicular network of support ribs. This arrangement is most suitable for static calculation, production, transport and storage of lightweight prisms, for laying of load-bearing and other reinforcement necessary for correct and reliable function of such a ceiling construction. Reinforcement is placed between the prisms glued in this way and finally the whole structure is concreted, in which the space between the relief bodies 3 and a thin, about 8 cm thick layer above the upper surface of the prisms is filled with a concrete mixture of suitable consistency. After the concrete mixture has hardened and the formwork has been removed, a ceiling structure with a flat bottom surface is prepared, ready for thin-layer plasters, sufficiently rigid and load-bearing even for long distances of supporting vertical supports.

For circular ceiling constructions, it is advantageous to provide relief prisms as a sector of the annulus.

For mass applications it is advantageous to combine industrially manufactured spatial reinforcement, straight bars and curry mesh as reinforcement.

The lower mesh used is the mesh commonly used in insulating façades, and building glues are used with building adhesives, which are intended to glue the mesh to polystyrene.

-3 CZ 297936 B6

The invention further comprises a method of production advantageous for mass use, the principle being that any separator used for separating concrete from the formwork is applied to the ceiling formwork, and then a commonly used reinforcing facade mesh is spread over the formwork treated in this way. Relief prisms in an arrangement according to the static design are glued onto the prepared surface with the appropriate facade adhesive. When gluing these relief prisms, it is necessary to ensure that the adhesive material passes through the spread reinforcement mesh up to the formwork. Failure to do so can, in extreme cases, lead to flooding of the slats during concreting! The main ribs, corresponding to the lower face of the ceiling structure, are then placed in the formed ribs in one direction and the shear reinforcement of the ribs thus reinforced. By using spatial reinforcement everything is greatly simplified. This reinforcement is supported by spacers according to standards. In the second (perpendicular) direction, only the lower bar reinforcement, if prescribed by the structural engineer, and the shear reinforcement are then stored.

Spatial reinforcement or shear reinforcement must have its upper horizontal edge higher than the upper surface of the relieving prisms, by about 25-30 mm. If all the reinforcement of the lower face and all the shear reinforcement are placed, suitable spacers of 35 mm are distributed on the top surface of each relief beam and are spread over these distances and attach a 5 or 6 mm mesh with 100 mesh / 100 mm or 150/150 mm. The reinforcement corresponding to the upper face of the ceiling structure is laid last. Concreting of the prepared ceiling structure is carried out with high-quality concrete mixture (concrete B30 and above), which has a pumpable consistency in one technological cycle. It is advantageous to fill the ribs up to about 2/3 of their height while compacting the vibrating needle with a slight advance of the concrete mixture and then to add the concrete mixture to the desired thickness above the upper surface of the prisms, compacting with the vibrating needle or bar and final aligning the upper surface. When treating hardening and hardening concrete mixtures, the physico-mechanical and / or chemical properties of the material from which the lightening prisms are made must be adequately taken into account.

Claims (4)

PATENT CLAIMS A monolithic ceiling construction made up of a formwork consisting of reinforcement (5 to 13), concrete and relief bodies, wherein a reinforcement is arranged around the bodies (3) to form ribs for the fitting in one or more, In this case the concrete mass (14) is located in the space between and above the relief elements (3), characterized in that the lower surface of the ceiling structure has a mesh (2). ) or another membrane on which relief bodies (3) are arranged over the layer of adhesive material (4) and the concrete material also permeates the netting (2) on its free portions. Ceiling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the netting (2) placed at the lower surface of the structure is made of glass fibers or plastic fibers and is well extrudable by an adhesive material (4) for adhering the relief bodies. Ceiling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the membrane placed at the lower surface of the structure is designed only as a holding layer for fixing the position of the relief bodies (3) and optionally as a fire-resistant layer. -4GB 297936 B6 Method for producing a ceiling structure according to claims 1 to 3, wherein the ceiling formwork is assembled, relieving the relief bodies between the reinforcing elements and around the relief bodies and applying a concrete mass above them to the ceiling formwork, characterized in that before placing the reinforcement and then applying the concrete mass between and above the relief members, the separator is first applied to the 5 ceiling formwork, then the netting or other membrane is spread over the formwork, whereupon the lower surfaces of the relief bodies in contact with the netting or other membrane are firmly connected to the netting by pushing the adhesive through the mesh or simply sticking to another membrane.