SK287970B6 - Floor construction and process for making the same - Google Patents

Abstract

Monolithic technology ceiling structure from reinforcement (5-13), concrete materials (14) and lightening elements (3), when on the bottom surface of the ceiling structure is mesh (2) or other membrane, on which they are through a layer of adhesive material (4) arranged lightening elements (3) and the concrete material also penetrates through the mesh on the free sections. The method of manufacture is performed so that before the placing reinforcement and with the following applying the concrete material between and over lightening elements is firstly applied on slab formwork separator , then the mesh or other membrane on the formwork, whereby the lower surfaces of the lightening elements, which are in contact with mesh or other membrane fixed join with the mesh by passing adhesive material through the mesh or is simply glued to the other membrane.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a monolithic reinforced concrete ceiling structure, an arrangement of the main load-bearing elements and a method for its production. The ceiling construction is made of monolithic technology and is made on formwork and consists of reinforcement, concrete and other lightweight material.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

When designing and subsequently manufacturing ceiling structures (generally for flat structures that are not loaded perpendicular to their area), we encounter the fact that as the distance between the supports increases, the net weight of the structure begins to exceed the amount of load that the structure is to carry. Up to now, solid cross-section boards have been used today without exception for reinforced concrete horizontal (ceiling) structures. As the distance between the supports is further increased, the necessary thickness of this horizontal structure and with it the net weight of the structure increases relatively quickly. For example, while the support distance increases by only 25%, the net weight increases by up to 50%. The problem with its own weight is compounded by the so-called. creeping of reinforced concrete structures, where for solid ceiling slabs from 200 mm slab thickness, the creep component constitutes more than half of the deformation overall. For constructions around 300 mm thick, this creep component is already dominant. Therefore, designers have sought and are looking for ways to relieve these structures while maintaining their essential functions. One way of solving this problem is to have a different arrangement of load-bearing ribs in combination with voids or materials of significantly less density than concrete, in one or two directions perpendicular to each other. The second way is to find and locate concrete mix components that are lighter than natural aggregates.

In the field of the production of reinforced concrete ceiling constructions, methods are known in which formwork is made in the first stage of production, the reinforcement and lightening elements are stored in the second stage and the concrete mixture is laid in the third stage, so that the relief is carried out as follows:

- the empty space between the load-bearing ribs is made up of conventional wooden shuttering, or - the empty space between the load-bearing ribs is made up of various plastic elements which, after dismounting the entire ceiling structure, are selected like woodworking and ready for further use or remaining in the ceiling structure;

- furthermore, the void can be created in the middle of the thickness of the ceiling structure again by plastic elements which remain part of the ceiling structure, since they fall into the concrete from below.

The first two methods described above create a ceiling structure with an uneven bottom surface. The flat bottom surface of the ceiling structure is created first subsequently, if required by the nature of the ceiling space. In the third way described, a flat bottom surface of the ceiling structure is created, but the relief is less.

It is known from CZ 184749 to prepare mortars from wood material in advance. In this case, however, it is not a classic monolithic reinforced concrete technology, because the formwork of the lower surface of the future construction is not carried out, because the mentioned mortars create so-called mortars. lost formwork. It follows from the construction of mortars that only irregular shape and support of ceiling structures or loading of the ceiling structure can be solved.

The use of materials with very low bulk density does not occur in the constructions described, as there is a risk of these floating out during concreting (laying of concrete).

A lightweight ceiling structure is known from AT 398218 when lightweight elements such as styrene are arranged between the ceiling ribs. However, these lightweight elements are transversely intersected by different wires so that the lightweight elements can be firmly fixed to the lower and upper horizontal wire surfaces. This is to avoid floating uncontrolled when pouring concrete. The preparation of the ceiling structure is therefore very laborious, as well as the preparation of the lightweight elements before assembly. Shaped slabs are used to allow the concrete to partially get under the lightweight element and thus fix it from below, but for this reason the ceiling is not flat from below, but there is pouring at the place where the slabs were.

GB 1388 846 discloses a method of manufacturing ribbed lightened ceilings where ceiling formwork is assembled, relieving bodies are attached to the ceiling formwork, between which reinforcing elements are placed and around the lightweight bodies, and concrete is applied over them. Then the ceiling is left with the board, like a shuttering, or it is removed and the polystyrene relief bodies are removed. This creates a ribbed ceiling. However, such a method is impractical because it is necessary to fasten the relief bodies, the underside being either a non-aesthetic plate, or considerable effort has to be made to remove it and either difficult to remove the bodies, which can lead to damage to the ceiling or to provide an additional finishing layer.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a ceiling structure which is lightweight, at the same time sufficiently strong and load bearing, and at the same time has a smooth bottom surface. All made at the same time.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The above drawbacks of reinforced concrete monolithic structures, as described above, are largely overcome by the ceiling structure made according to the present invention, which is based on the bottom surface of the ceiling structure having a mesh or other membrane on which relief bodies are arranged through a layer of adhesive; the concrete mass also permeates the netting on its free sections.

In a preferred embodiment, the mesh deposited at the bottom surface of the structure is made of glass fibers or plastic fibers and is well extrudable and wettable with an adhesive to adhere the relief elements.

In a further preferred embodiment, the membrane located at the bottom surface of the structure is made only as a retaining layer for fixing the position of the relief bodies. The diaphragm does not have a supporting function for creating a view and serves only to stably position the relief bodies in the desired positions, and can also perform another function.

The essence of the method of production of the ceiling construction is that before placing the reinforcement and subsequent application of concrete mass between and above the relief elements, a separator is first applied to the formwork, then the netting or other membrane is decomposed on the formwork, and the lower surfaces in contact with the formwork. a net or membrane, firmly bonded to the net by pressing the adhesive mass through the net or adhering to another membrane.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows a front schematic cross-section of a ceiling structure after its construction; FIG. 2 is a side schematic cross-section of a ceiling structure; and FIG. 3 shows a rectangular top view of a ceiling structure according to the invention in its manufacture.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 and 2, it is clear that the ceiling structure according to the invention consists of a supporting netting 2 which is intended for formwork I, polystyrene lightweight bodies 3, various reinforcement and concrete mass 14. The position of the bottom reinforcement is secured by spacers 5. The lower two bars of the space reinforcement 7 reinforce and complement the main longitudinal support reinforcement 6. Both the reinforcements 6 and 7 are located in the concrete ribs. Then the transverse support reinforcement 9, the upper spacers 8 of the upper support network 10, the additional upper reinforcement 12. An additional structural reinforcement 13 is added between the space reinforcement 7 as required. The upper bar of the space reinforcement 7 and the upper net 10 must be joined, for example. .

Between the ceiling support net 2 and the polystyrene relief bodies 3 there is a thin layer of adhesive mass 4. The ceiling structure thus formed is sufficiently strong, yet suitably lightened, and also comprises a ceiling surface. This consists of a net 2 which is flat and on which it is possible to apply a final layer, i.e. a finish, such as a plaster.

Alternatively, another membrane may be used instead of netting, for example a suitable compact fabric, which does not need to be crosslinked when it does not have a supporting function to form the view but serves to stably position the relief bodies 3 in the desired positions and may also have another function, e.g.

In FIG. 3 it can be seen how the polystyrene relief bodies 3 are shaped, that is to say, in the shape of prisms, and how they are disposed on the formwork 1 and the netting, respectively. The polystyrene relief bodies 3 can have any shape. It is essential that the surface with which the polystyrene relief bodies 3 are laid on the netting 2 is flat so that any possible overflow of the concrete is not great.

It is also clear from this figure how the ceiling structure according to the invention is produced. A separator is applied to a flat reinforced surface (the future lower surface of the ceiling structure) and a netting 2 is spread onto which the relief bodies 3 in the form of prisms are attached by a suitable adhesive 4. These prisms may have different shapes, but there must be enough space between the prisms to accommodate the supporting reinforcement that is necessary to ensure the overall load-bearing capacity and strength of the ceiling structure. The arrangement of these lightweight prisms may be different, but it is preferred that this arrangement forms a perpendicular network of supporting ribs. This arrangement is most suitable for the static calculation, production, transport and storage of relief beams, for the laying of load-bearing, but also other reinforcement necessary for the correct and reliable function of the ceiling structure so constructed. Between the prisms glued there is a reinforcement and finally concreting of the whole structure, in which the space between the relief bodies 3 and a thin layer about 8 cm thick above the top surface of the prisms is filled with a concrete layer of suitable coexistence. After the concrete mixture has hardened and the formwork has been removed, a ceiling structure with a flat bottom surface, which is attached for the application of thin-layer plasters, is sufficiently rigid and load-bearing even over long distances of supporting vertical supports.

For circular ceiling constructions it is then advantageous to put relief prisms as a die cut of annular rings.

For mass applications, it is advantageous to combine industrially produced spatial reinforcement, straight bars and curry nets as reinforcement.

The lower netting is the netting commonly used in insulating façades and the use of building adhesives for the adhesion of the prisms, which are intended to glue the netting to polystyrene.

The invention further comprises a method for production advantageous for mass use, the principle being that any separator used for separating concrete from the formwork is applied to the ceiling formwork, and then a commonly used reinforcing facade mesh is spread over the formwork treated. Relief prisms are glued to the surface prepared in this way according to the static design with the appropriate facade adhesive. When gluing these relief prisms, it is necessary to ensure that the adhesive material passes through the spread reinforcement mesh to the formwork. Failure to do so may, in extreme cases, lead to the release of the slats during concreting! The main ribs of the reinforced ribs are then inserted into the formed ribs. By using space reinforcement everything is greatly simplified. This reinforcement is supported by spacers according to standards. The ribs in the second (perpendicular) direction then only receive the lower bar reinforcement, if required by the structural engineer, as well as the shear reinforcement.

Spatial reinforcement or shear reinforcement must, after being placed in the ribs between the relief beams, have their upper horizontal edge higher than the upper surface of the relief beams, about 25-30 mm. If all the reinforcement corresponding to the lower face and all the shear reinforcement are placed, suitable spacers defining 35 mm are distributed over the upper surface of each relief beam and distributed over these distances and a 5 or 6 mm diameter mesh with 100/100 meshes attaches to these spacings mm or 150/150 mm. The reinforcement corresponding to the top face of the ceiling structure is laid last. Concreting of the prepared ceiling structure is made by a high-quality concrete mixture (concrete B30 and higher), which has a pumpable coexistence in one technological cycle. It is advantageous to fill the ribs up to about 2/3 of their height while compacting with a vibrating needle, and then refill the concrete mixture to the desired thickness above the top surface of the prisms, compacting with a vibrating needle or bar and finally leveling the upper surface. When treating a setting and hardening concrete mixture, it is necessary to take due account of the physico-mechanical and / or chemical properties of the material from which the prisms are made.

Claims (4)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. A monolithic ceiling construction made up of formwork consisting of reinforcement (5 to 13), concrete and relief bodies (3) is arranged to create reinforcement ribs in one or more mutually parallel directions and the relief bodies (3) only penetrate part of the thickness of the ceiling structure, and there is a concrete mass (14) in the space between and above the relief elements (3), characterized in that a netting (2) or other membrane is present at the bottom surface of the ceiling structure; to which removable bodies (3) are arranged through a layer of adhesive mass (4) and the concrete mass also permeates through the netting (2) on its free sections. Ceiling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the netting (2) located at the bottom surface of the structure is made of glass fibers or plastic fibers and is well extrudable with adhesive material (4) when filling the relief bodies. Ceiling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the membrane placed at the bottom surface of the structure is designed only as a holding layer for fixing the surface of the relief bodies (3) and optionally as a fire protection layer. Method of manufacturing a ceiling structure according to claims 1 to 3, when assembling the ceiling formwork, relieve the relief bodies to the ceiling formwork, between which reinforcing elements are placed and around the relief bodies and over which a concrete mass is applied, By placing the reinforcement and then applying the concrete mass between and above the relief bodies, a separator is first applied to the shuttering, then the netting or other membrane is decomposed on the shuttering and the lower surfaces of the relief bodies in contact with the netting or other membrane are firmly connected to the shuttering. through the netting by pushing the adhesive through the netting or simply sticking to another membrane.