CZ22744U1 - Nitrogenous fertilizer - Google Patents

Description

Nitrogen fertilizer

Technical field

The technical solution relates to solid or liquid fertilizers based on industrial nitrogen fertilizers and humic substances.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Nitrogen fertilizers are produced in nitrate, ammonium and amide form. They should provide nitrogen in an acceptable form, evenly over time, and with the lowest loss of nitrogen contained. Acceptable forms of nitrogen uptake by plants are in particular the nitrate form and the ammonium form. (Note: Amide fertilizer, ie urea, is first decomposed to ammonium form before being taken up by the plant).

The nitrate form (characterized by the NOf anion) is the most accessible form of nitrogen. At the same time, this form is very unstable, the molecules are free to move in solutions and are most prone to leaching. In addition, this form of nitrogen changes its composition by a process called denitrification and a large part of the nitrogen escapes in the form of N ₂ , NO, N ₂ O into the atmosphere. High availability of nitrogen to plants can lead to over-fertilization in this form. Nitrate losses can be reduced for nitrate fertilizer only at the cost of small doses at more frequent intervals.

The ammonium form (characterized by the NHf cation) has a number of nutritional and physiological benefits. Ammonium nitrogen promotes root growth, water and nutrient adsorption. Nitrogen consumption is slower and longer lasting. In order to prevent the conversion of ammoniacal nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen (nitrification process), so-called nitrogen inhibitors (eg, a mixture of 1H-1,2,4 triazole and 3-methylpyrazole) have been developed which use ammonium fertilizers (but only when in liquid form) ) for this purpose.

The amide form of fertilizer CO (NH ₂ ) ₂ , or urea, has the highest nitrogen content. In contact with soil, urea decomposes to plant-accessible forms due to urease. However, this decomposition is often premature, some of the nitrogen evaporates in the form of ammonia, and some of it is bonded to the surface layers of the soil in the form of NH4, all this before the fertilizer reaches the plant root system. The solution is granulation of urea and subsequent treatment with urease inhibitors (NBPT), which suppress soil enzymes (urease), which are involved in the decomposition of urea.

The total nitrogen losses during fertilization with industrial fertilizers can amount to more than 60%, they are somewhat reduced by chemical treatment.

Humic substances are organic substances that are contained in soil and other organic materials. The best known, but not the only, raw material from which humic substances are extracted is Leonardite - an organic substance similar to soft brown coal, but from which it differs in the degree of oxidation. Humic substances are characterized by high-weight molecules which, due to their complexity, cannot be identified or expressed by a chemical formula (as opposed to so-called non-alumina substances which can be assigned to specified compounds such as sugars, fats, amino acids, etc.). Humic substances (in terms of molecular size, degree of polymerization or chain length, solubility in liquids, shade of color, pH, carbon and oxygen content) can be divided into fractions that are not entirely clear and overlapping each other.

Humic substances: fulvic acids_humic acids_humines

Molecular weight lowest medium the highest Polymer chains the shortest medium the longest Solubility soluble pH> 2 soluble poorly soluble pH sour neutral alkaline Carbon content (% dry matter) 40 to 50% 45 to 65 > 60% Oxygen content (% dry matter) 40 to 50% 25 to 35% <30% Coloring yellow-brown brown, brown-black Black

- 1 CZ 22744 Ul

Fulvic acids are most often (but not always) used as biostimulators or growth regulators for their ability to penetrate the cell wall, the high mobility in the soil and the ability to influence plant metabolism. Humic acids, the central fraction of humic substances, are used both in terms of soil and plant biostimulators and as a means to improve the physical properties of the soil (water and gas fixation). Humins with the largest size and least mobility of molecules contribute, in particular, to improving the physical and biological properties of the soil.

The use of humic substances in agriculture grows with increasing understanding of their properties. Their importance is increasing with the degree of intensification of agriculture, which is accompanied by a lack of organic substances in the soil. It is stated that one liter of humic acid concentrate corresponds to up to 8 tons of organic fertilizer, in the case of powdered form of humic acids this ratio can be up to 3.5 times. There are a number of preparations utilizing the actual or predicted properties of humic substances. But the truth is that the results of using humic substances as fertilizers are often contradictory. The reason may be different origin and character of used humic substances (and therefore different content of active substances by which these substances are able to influence soil mechanisms or plant metabolism), secondly chaotic way of their application (soil or foliar application, timing of application with regard to vegetation cycle). It is true that the expected results of application of humic substances in agriculture will come only under conditions of understanding their properties and meaningful dosage in accordance with agrotechnics and fertilizer plans for individual crops.

The essence of the technical solution

The technical solution relates to nitrogen fertilizer in solid form. The principle of the invention consists in that it contains nitrogenous substances in the form of amide, ammonium or nitrate and also humic substances with a nitrogen content of 15 to 36% by weight, and further for stabilizing nitrogen and stimulating the growth of plants with a humic content of 5% to 24% %, at a moisture content of this mixture of up to 20%.

The subject of the invention is also nitrogen fertilizer in liquid form for spray application. The essence of the invention consists in that it contains nitrogenous substances in the form of amide, ammonium or nitrate and also humic substances with a nitrogen content of 10 to 32% by weight, and further for stabilizing nitrogen and stimulating the growth of plants containing humic substances 4,5 to 22 wt. The ratio between nitrogen and humic substances ranges from 1.3 to 4: 1.

In a further modification, the present invention provides a nitrogen fertilizer in solid or liquid form. The essence of the invention consists in that it contains nitrogenous substances in the form of amide, ammonium or nitrate and furthermore humic substances with a nitrogen content of 10 to 36% by weight and further 0.13 to 4% by weight. humic substances with the effect of stimulating plant growth, but without stabilizing nitrogen.

The fertilizer of the present invention may further comprise the addition of an amino acid substance.

The present technical solution eliminates the shortcomings of especially chemically untreated industrial nitrogen fertilizers, stabilizes nitrogen and also brings positive effects of humic substances as soil biostimulators and plant growth regulators.

Soil action Humic substances are complex-forming substances with the ability to ion exchange and stabilize nitrogenous substances. They fix ammonium nitrogen, slow the nitrification process and delay the denitrification process. Fertilizers with humic substances show low losses of nitrogen into the air and long-term effect. Mechanisms to improve the physical properties of the soil are well known. Humic substances also contribute to reducing leaching losses through increased fluid sorption. The humic substances contained in the fertilizer have the ability to improve the chemical and biological properties of the soil. This extends the possibility of effective use of the amide form of fertilizer (urea) on soils that are less biologically active, clayey, waterlogged or sandy. Thanks lower

With the same effect, a new fertilizer may contain a lower nitrogen volume and is therefore more environmentally friendly.

Reducing nitrogen losses through improved nutrient uptake: The biologically active components of humic substances, especially tartaric acids extracted from natural Leonardide, can promote plant metabolism and improve photosynthesis. The uptake of (ammonium) nitrogen and its conversion to proteins is conditioned by the presence of hydrocarbons, which are formed in the plant during photosynthesis. Better management of nitrogen can thus be achieved (without the need for nitrogen fixation and improvement of the physical properties of the soil) even by fertilizer, focused on plant metabolism. Especially for foliar application (foliar spraying) the fertilizer may contain only a relatively small amount of humic substances.

The above fertilizer effects are achieved by selecting the humic substance fraction correctly, selecting the humic substance / nitrogen ratio and the right dose per unit area and incorporating it into fertilizer programs.

Examples of technical solution

Example 1 is a fertilizer with a maximum nitrogen content in amide form, with minimum nitrogen losses assumed, and an extended duration of action. The fertilizer should have improving soil-forming and stimulating effects on plant metabolism. Universal use in solid and liquid form, agrotechnically similar to urea.

Solution: Basic raw materials: mixture of urea and humic acids soluble in neutral or alkaline liquid.

The raw material ratio is determined taking into account the optimal synergistic interaction of urea and humic acids as well as the absolute dose of humic acids / ha assuming the usual dosage of urea.

Fertilizer composition (weight% of active substances in dry mixture up to 20% moisture):

Nitrogen (N) 30 to 34%

Humic acids 9 to 12%

Organic substances (without urea) 12-18% pH 6-10.

Example 2

Nitrogen fertilizer with 50% amide, 25% ammonium, 25% nitrate form of nitrogen, assuming minimal nitrogen losses, and extended exposure time. Fertilizer has improving soil-forming effects and stimulating effects on plant metabolism. Universal application in solid and liquid form, agrotechnically similar to combined nitrogen fertilizers.

Solution: Basic raw materials: a mixture of urea, ammonium nitrate and humic acids soluble in neutral or alkaline liquid.

The raw material ratio is determined taking into account the optimal synergistic interaction of urea and humic acids as well as the absolute dose of humic acids / ha assuming the usual dosing of combined nitrogen fertilizers.

Fertilizer composition (weight% of active substances in dry mixtures up to 20% moisture):

Nitrogen (N) 25 to 30%

Humic acids 7 to 11%

Organic substances (without urea) 9 to 17% pH 6 to 10.

-3EN 22744 Ul

Example 3

Nitrogen fertilizer with 50% amide, 25% ammonium, 25% nitrate form of nitrogen applied to the leaf for quick delivery of nitrogen. Fertilizer should promote nitrogen uptake by improving plant metabolism and photosynthesis.

Solution: Basic raw materials: a mixture of urea, ammonium nitrate and oxalic acids, soluble in neutral or alkaline liquid.

The raw material ratio is determined only with a view to improving metabolism and increasing photosynthesis of plants.

Fertilizer composition (weight% of active substances in dry mixture up to 20% moisture):

Nitrogen (N) 25 to 36%

Fulvic acids 1.9 to 3%

Organic substances (without urea) 2.4-4% pH 6-10.

Example 4

Nitrogen fertilizer in nitrate form, with a view to stocking up with nitrogen before the expected drought.

Solution: Basic raw materials: Mixture of calcium nitrate and vulva acids with admixture of amino acids. The raw material ratio is determined with a view to rapid nitrogen uptake.

Fertilizer composition (weight% of active substances in dry mixture up to 20% moisture):

Nitrogen (N) 15%

Fulvic acids 0,4%

Amino acids 0.15% organic matter 0.5% pH

Nitrogen fertilizer according to the technical solution is intended for all crops of general agrotechnics. It is intended for fertilization of all types of agricultural crops in vegetable growing, fruit growing, cereals, corn, root crops, oilseeds and other crops. It can be applied by hand, spreaders or (in liquid form) by spraying or drip irrigation.

Claims (5)

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS Nitrogenous fertilizer in solid form, characterized in that it contains nitrogenous substances in the form of amide, ammonium or nitrate and furthermore humic substances with a nitrogen content of 15 to 36% by weight, and further for stabilizing nitrogen and stimulating the growth of plants containing humic 5% to 24% by weight, at a moisture content of this mixture of up to 20%. 2. Nitrogen fertilizer in liquid form for spray application, characterized in that it contains nitrogenous substances in the form of amide, ammonium or nitrate and also humic substances with a nitrogen content of 10 to 32% by weight and further for stabilizing nitrogen and stimulating plant growth with a humic content of 4.5 to 22 wt. Nitrogen fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ratio between nitrogen and humic substances ranges from 1.3 to 4: 1. -4GB 22744 Ul Nitrogen fertilizer in solid or liquid form, characterized in that it contains nitrogenous substances in the form of amide, ammonium or nitrate and humic substances, with a nitrogen content of 10 to 36% by weight, and further 0.13 to 4% by weight . humic substances with the effect of stimulating plant growth, without stabilizing nitrogen. A nitrogen fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising the addition of a substance from the group of amino acids.