CZ201882A3 - Exterior shading system with integrated roof functions - Google Patents

Abstract

The exterior shading system (1) comprises a frame (3) of the exterior shading system (1) located from the outside of the sunroof (2) and a shading fin system (5), the frame (3) of the exterior shading system (1) supporting elements (6) for defining the position of the slats (4) and their movement, the guide elements (6) being positioned such that in all positions of the slat (4) assembly, in which the slat (5) assembly (4) at least partially obscures the sunroof (2), there is an air gap (7) between at least two vents (8.1,8.2) between the lamella assembly (5) and the sunroof glazing unit (2.1) spaces. Also provided is at least one Peltier cell (10), at least one photovoltaic cell (9), and at least one climate variable sensor (22.1, 22.2), which elements are connected to a central unit (11) comprising a power supply unit (12) with an accumulator and an electronic control unit (13) for storing and / or controlling the use of the generated electrical energy.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the provision of controlled air movement under the sunroof shading elements in order to further reduce the thermal load in the interior of the building, in particular through the advantageous use of solar energy.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Sunlight-oriented roof windows usually receive so much heat into the building interior during the time of sunshine outside the heating season that, in addition to optical discomfort due to direct penetration of the sun's rays, the air temperature inside the building can increase to such an extent exceeding hygienically acceptable conditions, unless intensive ventilation and / or cooling is provided. Under-roof rooms are usually made of structures with lower thermal inertia compared to other parts of the building, so they are more susceptible to such overheating.

For analogous reasons, windows in peripheral walls are usually provided with external shading means, the most effective of which are adjustable horizontal blinds. In sunroofs, the use of outdoor shading agents is uncommon. However, the available solutions of such sun blocking devices preventing the access of the sun's rays to the glazing surface result in a concurrently formed air cavity beneath the shading slats or shade of the shading system, which is further heated by conducting heat from solar energy incident on the sunlit slats or shades. This results in an elevated air temperature in the cavity in front of the outside of the glazing, which leads to heat transmission through the glazing into the interior, albeit to a lesser extent than without the use of a shading system.

Roof windows used in residential buildings can be partially or completely shaded for a significant part of the time they are exposed to the sun because rooms (typically bedrooms) are not used during the day or part of the day.

The shading elements located inside the glazing unit or on the interior side of the glazing only affect the visual comfort in the room and have almost no effect on reducing the penetration of unwanted solar thermal gains into the room. Unwanted heat gains in the room often lead to the need for machine cooling, which increases energy consumption, operating costs and environmental burden.

The reduction of passive solar gains through windows is to some extent possible also by the choice of glazing. Such a measure usually results in a reduction of at most 70% of the gains, otherwise the daylight of the room would be negatively affected. At the same time, there would be a situation where it would not be possible to use passive solar gains at a time when it is convenient for the energy balance of the room.

It is known to use shading slats of horizontal outdoor blinds and horizontal awnings in front of windows for the placement of photovoltaic cells. In terms of electricity production, however, it is not an efficient source compared to photovoltaic systems on larger, compact areas. A description of such solutions is the subject of CN 106639183 Dynamic sun shading device integrated with PV (Photovoltaic) panels, utility model CN 204960172 U - Building integrated solar shading system of tripe and utility model CN 204877211 U Intelligence sun-shading louver system. None of the above documents deals with the controlled ventilation of the air cavity or the gap between exterior shading systems and exterior roof window surfaces.

- 1 GB 2018 - 82 A3

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The above drawbacks are overcome by a solution according to the present invention which proposes the installation of an exterior shading system from the outside of the sunroof, which significantly increases air movement in the air gap between the shading lamella system by the exterior side of the sunroof glazing unit. the surface of the glazing unit. The movement of the air in the continuous air gap is ensured by a suitable geometrical arrangement and can be significantly controlled by means of electric fans. It is particularly advantageous to use the solar energy incident on the elements of the shading system to supply them, even as part of the incident solar energy is converted to electricity by the photovoltaic cells placed there, thus further reducing the thermal load into the air cavity by approximately 10% and, further, that there is a high degree of present time between photovoltaic power generation and its use for the operation of electric fans. Another element supporting air movement and reducing the temperature in the air gap is Peltier cells powered by electricity obtained from photovoltaic cells. The proposed solution can thus operate with a considerable degree of autonomy and / or be advantageously multilevel controlled by means of a control electronic system responsive to the information from the mounted sensors, to user requirements and to evaluation by a superior intelligent control system.

The exterior shading system for the sunroof according to the present invention comprises an exterior shading system frame that is located in the exterior from the outside of the sunroof. The dimensions and position of this frame are such that, when viewed from the exterior in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the glazing unit of the sunroof, the outer contour of the frame wherever the frame is present exceeds the outer contour of the sunroof sash. The system further comprises a set of shading slats. The frame of the exterior shading system carries guiding elements for defining the position of the slats and their movement, the guiding elements being positioned such that in all positions of the slat system where the slat system at least partially obscures the sunroof, it is between the slat system and the sunroof glazing unit. air gap. It is provided with at least two vents communicating with the exterior to vent this air gap. The system further comprises at least one Peltier cell, at least one photovoltaic cell, and at least one climate sensor, wherein the photovoltaic cells, Peltier cells and climate sensors are connected to a central unit comprising a battery supply unit and an electronic storage control and / or controlled use of the electricity generated.

The Peltier elements are preferably mounted on the frame of the exterior shading system and / or on the shading slats and / or on the bottom of the stationary window frame and / or on the outside of the glazing unit at the lower edge of the sunroof.

Advantageously, an additional space filled with air is formed in the area adjacent to the air gap and communicates with the air gap. In this further space there is at least one fan, which is connected to the central unit for its control and power supply.

Advantageously, at least one first climate sensor is provided in the air gap, the sensor being a temperature sensor, and / or the exterior at least one second climate sensor is a sensor for combined measurement of multiple climate sensors variables.

Preferably, the system comprises a first drive unit for driving a shading lamella assembly which is coupled to the central unit for its drive and control.

-2GB 2018 - 82 A3

It is preferred that the air gap in the lower part is provided with a lower vent that is permanently open and an upper vent with an upper vent that is closable and located at the top of the shade lamella assembly.

In a preferred embodiment, the system further comprises a box for accommodating a shaded lamella assembly in an extended or partially extended condition, attached to an upper portion of the exterior shading system frame. An air connection is formed between the box interior and the air gap. The box further comprises a central unit comprising a battery supply unit, an electronic control unit, and a first drive unit for driving a shading lamella assembly. In the box walls there is at least one other vent communicating with the exterior for better ventilation of the air gap.

The shading slats are preferably positionable.

In preferred embodiments, the photovoltaic cells are located on the shading fins and / or on the stationary parts of the exterior shading system.

It is also possible to connect a lighting fixture to the central unit to illuminate the interior room behind the sunroof.

The lighting body is preferably mounted on the lintel or lining of the sunroof or on their surfaces.

It is advantageous if the central unit is connected to a master control unit for operation and security of the house.

In one possible embodiment, the exterior shading system is also provided with a second drive unit for driving the sunroof opening, wherein the second drive unit is connected to the central unit.

The central apartment unit can also be connected to mains power.

The entire exterior shading system can be intelligently controlled via an electronic control unit by evaluating different operational and climatic situations in conjunction with superior building management systems.

Clarification of drawings

Some advantageous configurations of the exterior shading system including significant details are shown in the figures.

FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a thermally insulated pitched roof with a sunroof and fitted with an exterior shading system. Arrows indicate controlled airflow in the air gap. Symbol ext. the exterior of the building is marked with the symbol int. - interior of the building.

Fig. 1a shows a detail of a vertical section through the sunroof, taken along the same plane as in Fig. 1.

Fig. 2a is a schematic exterior view from a direction perpendicular to the plane of the glazing unit of the exterior shading system with partially lowered shading slats, showing the section plane A-A shown in Fig. 3b.

Fig. 2b is a schematic view from the exterior from a direction perpendicular to the plane of the glazing unit of the exterior shading element with the shading slats extended and the top not covered

-3 GB 2018 - 82 A3 box. The arrows indicate the controlled airflow in the air gap between the sunroof glazing unit and the shading system in other air cavities of the system.

Fig. 3a shows a vertical section of a sloping roof showing a set of shading slats which are positioned horizontally so that sufficient daylight can enter the room and at the same time that the photovoltaic cells on the slats produce electricity. At the same time, the air gap between the glazing unit of the sunroof and the shade system is visible in FIG.

Fig. 3b is a cross-section A-A taken perpendicular to the plane of the glazing unit 2.1 as shown in Fig. 2a showing a detail of the edge of the shading lamella mounted in the guide element to define the position of the lamellas and their movement.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the power and data interconnection of elements of the entire system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Only some preferred embodiments of the invention are described below. However, many other embodiments are possible that fall within the scope of protection of the invention and differ from the variants described below, for example, by the geometry of the arrangement, the different number of elements used, and the like. The preferred embodiments described below can also be combined.

In Fig. 1, an exterior shading system 7 is shown in a vertical section in one possible embodiment. The exterior shading system 1 comprises a support frame 3 of the exterior shading system 1. The frame is located in the exterior from the outside of the sunroof 2, so that when viewed from the exterior in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the glazing unit 2.1 of the sunroof 2 the contour of the frame 3 of the exterior shading system 1 exceeds the outer contour of the frame 2.2 of the sunroof, wherever the frame 3 is present. As shown in Figs. 2a, 2b, the frame 3 of the external shading system 1 need not necessarily be closed, especially if other parts are attached to some of its parts, eg the box 16 shown inter alia in Figs. 2a, 2b. In each case, however, the frame 3 of the exterior shading system is mounted so as not to impede the opening of the sunroof 2, which is formed by the sunroof leaf 2.2 and the sunroof glazing unit 2.1, as shown in detail in FIG. 1a.

The system further comprises a system 5 of shading slats 4, the slats being movable so that they can be rotated in different directions relative to the plane of the glazing unit 2.1 and at the same time it is possible to contract or pull the whole assembly to cover the desired part of the glazing unit. 2.1 roof windows or to leave the window completely unshaded. To define the position of the slats 4, namely their pivoting, and their movement, namely pulling and pulling out the slat assembly 5, the frame 3 of the exterior shading system 1 is provided with guides 6 in which the slat assembly 4 can move up or down and control elements for controlling the rotation of the individual slats as shown in detail in Fig. 3b. The position of the guiding elements 6 is selected such that at all positions of the lamella assembly 5 in which the lamella assembly 5 at least partially obscures the sunroof 2, an air gap is formed between the lamella assembly 5 and the sunroof glazing unit 2.1. 7. The at least narrow, but preferably wider, air gap 7 between the ends of the slats and the glazing unit 2.1 is retained in all rotations of the other slats 4 relative to the plane of the glazing unit 2.1, as shown in detail in FIG. 3a, wherein the slats 4 are rotated to a horizontal position. The air gap 7 in this case extends from the plane of the glazing unit 2.1 to the ends of the slats 4 closest to the glazing unit 2.1 and fills the space above the glazing unit 2.1 so that the space can be effectively vented, For this purpose, the air gap 7 is provided with at least two vents 8.1, 8.2 communicating with the exterior. Venting can either occur based on natural airflow, or is boosted and controlled by added electrical

-4GB 2018 - 82 A3 elements. It is preferred that the lower vent 8.1 in the lower part of the air gap 7 is continuous and permanently open and that the upper vent 8.2 in the upper part of the air gap 7 is closable. The upper vent 8.2 may, for example, take the form of a lamella which opens or closes according to data from sensors 22.1,

22.2 climatic variables. The advantage of the closability of the upper vent 8.2 is, besides the protection against rain and snowfall, for example, that if night shading system 5 is lowered during night time, the air moves less in the air gap 7 and thus contributes to reducing heat transmission through the window.

In FIG. 1 the arrows show the air flow in the cavity 7 and in the space above the cavity. Also illustrated is another fan 20 that may be housed in box 16. Box 16 is an optional component of the apparatus and will be described below.

The system is further equipped with at least one Peltier element 10, preferably a plurality of Peltier elements 10, which can cool or heat the air in the air gap 7 and thereby contribute to the thermal comfort in the room behind the sunroof 2 as well as energy savings for air conditioning and heating. . In preferred embodiments, the Peltier cells 10 are located, for example, on at least some of the shading fins 4 and electrically connected so as to turn the cooling side towards the air gap 7 in summer. In the winter they can be reversed so that the side facing the air gap 7 is heated. They can also be placed at the bottom of the stationary window frame or at the bottom of the window sash 2.2 or on the outside of the glazing unit 2.1 at the lower edge of the sunroof 2. Another possibility is to place the Peltier elements 10 on the frame 3 of the exterior shading system 1 All of these placements can be combined with each other.

For controlling the system on the basis of actual climatic conditions it is important to install at least one sensor of climatic variables. Fig. 1 shows the first sensor of climatic variables 22.1, which serves for measuring the temperature in the air gap 7. However, the system can be supplemented with other sensors of climatic variables, eg by a second sensor 22.2 for combined measurement, eg measuring air temperature and humidity, sunlight intensity and the presence of precipitation. This second sensor

22.2 is located outdoors, eg on a roof covering, and is not shown in the figures. There may be a large number of sensors of climatic variables.

Photovoltaic cells 9, which are also part of the exterior shading system 1, are preferably used for powering the electrical elements of the system, the photovoltaic cell 9 being at least one, but preferably a plurality of them. The photovoltaic cells 9 are preferably located on the shading slats 4 and / or on the stationary parts of the exterior shading system 1, eg on the cover of the box 16 facing the sun.

The photovoltaic cells 9, the Peltier cells 10 and the sensors 22,1, 22,2 of the climatic variables are in this connection connected to a central unit 11, which comprises a battery supply unit 12 and an electronic control unit 13, which controls the storage and / or use of electricity generated by photovoltaic This controlled use of electrical energy includes powering the Peltier cells 10 as well as other electrical devices which the exterior shading system may contain and which will be described below. This may be a direct power supply or a power supply stored in the battery in the power supply unit 12.

For an even better flow of air through the air gap 7 in summer mode, it is advantageous if an additional space filled with air is created in the area adjacent to the air gap 7 and communicates with the air gap 7 in air. Advantageously, at least one fan 14 is located in this further space, which increases the air flow in the air gap 7 but does not obstruct the view from the window. The fan 14 or fans 14 are connected to the central unit 11 for control and power supply. The power produced by the photovoltaic cells 9 is preferably used to drive the fan 14 or fans 14. The fan 14 may be mounted, for example, as shown in Fig. 1. above the roof window in the direction of the roof plane, typically between the roof covering and the box 16, the box 16 being attached to the top of the frame 3

A3 of the external shading system 1 or is embedded in this frame 3. Optionally, the box 16 is not present and the frame 3 of the exterior shading system 1 extends upwardly above the level of the sunroof 2. In this case, it is preferable to place the fan 14 underneath this elongated portion of the frame 3 of the exterior shading system 1. of the fans 14, it is sufficient that these locations are air-coupled to the gap 7, while the fans 14 do not obstruct the view from the sunroof 2.

The exterior shading system 1 preferably includes a first drive unit 15 for lowering, retracting and rotating the shade lamella assembly 5, which is coupled to the central unit 11 for its drive and control, preferably utilizing the energy produced by the photovoltaic cells 9.

Advantageously, the system also includes a box 16 for accommodating the shade lamella assembly 5 in the extended or partially extended condition. This box is typically attached to the top of the frame 3 of the exterior shading system 1. However, it may also, for example, be mounted or fixed separately to the frame 3 of the exterior shading system 1 without being connected to the frame 3 of the exterior shading system 1. Between the interior of the box 16 and the air gap 7 The box 16 may be perforated, partially perforated or fully open in this dashed region. In the walls of the box 16 there is at least one other vent 17 communicating with the exterior to enhance the ventilation of the air gap 7, especially if there is yet another ventilator 20 in the box 16. The other vent (s) 17 may also advantageously be positioned to assist Also, the air gap 7 is better ventilated by means of a fan 14 or fans 14. The vents 17 are preferably provided with rain shutters. In one preferred embodiment, they are on the sides of the box 16.

The box 16 further preferably comprises a central unit 11 comprising a battery supply unit 12 with an accumulator, an electronic control unit 13 and a first drive unit 15 for driving the shading lamella assembly 5.

It is advantageous if the lighting unit 18 is also connected to the central unit 11 to illuminate the interior room behind the sunroof 2. Again, the energy produced by the photovoltaic cells 9 which are part of the exterior shading system, which is another new feature over the prior art. In a preferred embodiment, the lighting body 18 is mounted in the lintel or lining of the sunroof 2 or on their surfaces. Such an arrangement is advantageous, for example, for placing the work surface in the interior, since the light - daylight and artificial - comes from the same direction. Preferably, the illumination body 18 comprises LED elements. Such an arrangement is also advantageous for transient associated illumination if the illumination body comprises a light source having a spectral composition corresponding to daylight. The central unit 11 may be connected to a master control unit 21 for the operation and security of the house.

The exterior shading system 1 may also be equipped with a second drive unit 19 for driving the sunroof opening 2 to ventilate the room behind the sunroof 2, the second drive unit 19 being connected to the central unit 11 and preferably utilizing the energy produced by the photovoltaic cells 9.

However, the central unit 11 can also be connected to the mains in case the energy produced by the photovoltaic cells 9 or stored in the accumulator is not sufficient to power all the connected devices. The mains supply can also be used to charge the battery.

Connected electrical devices, such as Peltier cells 10, battery supply unit 12, fans 14, first drive unit 15, lighting fixture 18, second drive unit 19, and another fan 20 are controlled by commands issued by the electronic control unit 13.

-6GB 2018 - 82 A3

The electronic control unit 13 acquires and evaluates information from, for example, the first sensor 22.1 of the climate variables, the air temperature measuring in the air gap 7, the second sensor 22.2 of the climate variables for a combined measurement located on the roof outside the external shading system. a building user via a remote control element and / or from a master control unit 21 for controlling the operation and security of the house.

The electrical energy produced by the photovoltaic cells is supplied to a power supply unit 12 with an accumulator. An electric power supply for fans 14 and / or 20 and for Pclticre cells is supplied from the battery supply unit 12 on command of the electronic control unit 13.

10. The electrical energy stored in the accumulator power supply unit 12 is further used to power the lighting fixture 18 located most preferably in the lintel or roof window lining.

2. The electrical energy stored in the accumulator supply unit 12 is further used for the second power unit 19 to open the sunroof 2, if given by the electronic control unit 13.

The entire exterior shading system can be comprehensively intelligently controlled via the electronic control unit 13 by evaluating different operational and climatic situations in collaboration with superior building management systems. For example, in a situation where after a clear winter day comes a very cold night with a clear night sky, it may be advantageous to have the entire window shaded in terms of both energy savings and optical comfort. The next morning the window will be clear after the shading elements have been pulled out, as the windows will not be covered with condensate and / or frost from the exterior. The radiant heat exchange between the night sky and the exterior surface of the building preferably takes place on the exterior side of the shading elements. The air gap 7 with minimal air movement with the upper vent 8.2 closed and the fans 14 and 20 off are also a positive contribution to the reduction of heat transfer, since the air layer has a significant thermal resistance. In addition, the Peltier cells 10 can be used to slightly increase the air temperature in the air gap by varying the polarity in such a situation. The electrical connection is schematically illustrated in Fig. 4. The core of the central unit 11 is an electronic control unit 13 that processes data from sensors 22.1 and / or 22.2, from the higher-level control unit for operation and security of house 21 and from the user. The connection can be wired or wireless, or it can be a combination of these methods. In the central unit 11 there is also a power supply unit with an accumulator 12. This is connected to the photovoltaic cells 9, the Peltier cells 10, the fans 14 and 20, the drive units 15 and 19 and the lighting body 18.

Industrial applicability

The exterior shading system of the present invention is applicable to any roof windows. Significantly reduces the risk of overheating rooms behind the sunroofs by simultaneously significantly reducing the access of sunlight energy to the exterior surface of the sunroof glazing unit by means of the sunshade system 5, by converting a portion of the sunlight energy into electricity and securing it The generated electrical energy will be used mainly for movement and adjustment of the shade lamella system 5, operation of electric fans 14 and / or 20, powering of Peltier cells 10, lighting body 18, first drive unit 15 and second drive unit 19 Such a system may operate largely autonomously and / or based on control algorithms, including cooperation with superior building management systems, such as the master 21, and according to instructions users.

Claims (13)

An exterior shading system for a sunroof, which comprises a frame (3) of the exterior shading system (1) located exterior from the outside of the sunroof (2), a shading lamella assembly (5) and at least one photovoltaic cell (9). ), characterized in that the dimensions and position of the frame (3) of the exterior shading system (1) are such that when viewed from the exterior in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the glazing unit (2.1) of the sunroof (2) the outer contour of the frame (3) everywhere where the frame (3) is present, it extends beyond the outer contour of the sash (2.2) of the sunroof (2), the frame (3) of the exterior shading system (1) carrying guide elements (6) for positioning the slats (4) and their These guide elements (6) are positioned such that in all positions of the lamella assembly (5) in which the lamella assembly (5) at least partially overshadows the sunroof (2), it is between an air gap (7) having at least two vents (8.1,8.2) communicating with the exterior for venting the air gap, the system further comprising at least one Peltier cell (10) and at least one climate variable sensor (22.1, 22.2), wherein the photovoltaic cells (9), the Peltier cells (10) and the climate variable sensors (22.1, 22.2) are connected to a central unit (11) comprising a power supply unit (12) with an accumulator and an electronic control unit (13) for storing and / or controlling the use of the generated electrical energy. Exterior shading system for sunroof according to claim 1, characterized in that the Peltier elements (10) are mounted on the frame (3) of the exterior shading system (1) and / or on the shading slats (4) and / or on the lower shade. the part of the stationary window frame and / or the lower part of the sash (2.2) of the sunroof (2) and / or the outside of the glazing unit (2.1) at the lower edge of the sunroof (2). Exterior sunroof shading system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the area adjacent to the air gap (7), an additional space filled with air is formed and communicates with the air gap (7) in an air space. For example, at least one fan (14) is located in the space, which is connected to the central unit (11) for its control and power supply. Exterior shading system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one first climatic variable sensor (22.1) is located in the air gap (7), the sensor being a temperature measuring sensor, and / or at least one second climate sensor (22.2) is located in the exterior, the sensor being a sensor for the combined measurement of multiple climate variables. Exterior sunroof shading system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it further comprises a first drive unit (15) for driving a shading plate system (5), which is connected for its control and power supply. with the central unit (11). Exterior sunroof shading system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the air gap (7) is provided in the lower part with a lower vent (8.1) which is permanently open and in the upper part with an upper vent ( 8.2), which is closable. An exterior sunroof shading system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a box (16) for positioning the shade lamella assembly (5) in an extended or partially extended condition attached to the upper portion. a frame (3) of the exterior shading system (1), wherein an air connection is formed between the interior of the box (16) and the air gap (7), and further comprising a central unit (11) containing the power unit (12) with an accumulator, an electronic control unit (13) and a first drive unit (15) for driving a shade plate assembly (5) and (4) and 2018 - 82 A3 wherein there is at least one other vent (17) communicating with the exterior for air gap ventilation (7) in the walls of the box (16). Exterior sunroof shading system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the photovoltaic cells (9) are located on the shading fins (4) and / or on stationary parts of the exterior shading system (1). Exterior shading system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that an illuminating body (18) is connected to the central unit (11) to illuminate the interior room behind the sunroof (2). Exterior shading system according to claim 9, characterized in that the lighting body (18) is mounted in the lintel or lining of the sunroof (2) or on their surfaces. Exterior shading system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the central unit (11) is connected to a master control unit (21) for the operation and security of the house. Exterior shading system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it is provided with a second drive unit (19) for driving the opening of the sunroof (2), the second drive unit (19) being connected to the central unit. (11). Exterior shading system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the central unit (11) is connected to mains power.