CZ2016220A3 - A polymer composite with a particulate filler of plant origin - Google Patents

Description

Polymer composite with a partial filler of vegetable origin

Field of technology

The technical solution relates to the composition of a polymer composite with a particulate filler of plant origin for the production of plastic parts with higher utility properties.

Prior art

Polymeric materials and their composites are among the most progressively evolving materials, because polymeric materials represent the most important segment of production and consumption by volume among all technical materials and there can be no doubt that they are key to modern technical society. The current development of polymeric materials and their processing technologies will continue in an ever-increasing volume and the success of individual materials developed by basic and applied research will be decisively influenced by the ratio between price and utility value of material. This area of research also includes the replacement of synthetic fillers, natural fillers, which are of environmental interest to polymer processors and end users. The application of natural fillers is a significant material change, which traditionally goes not only to the automotive industry, but also to consumer industry, medical applications, etc. The advantage of natural fillers, compared to other fillers (used in the production of composites), is in addition to originating from renewable sources their low weight, low abrasion (preventing wear of processing machines), combustibility, non-toxicity, biodegradability and above all low price, independent of the price of oil.

Natural fillers are used in industry mainly in the form of fibers as reinforcement of shaped large-area parts, eg wood sawdust, containing cellulose fibers and non-woven linen materials with polypropylene. However, it should be emphasized that these are practically only products created by pressing, not a much more widespread processing technology by injection, where high demands are placed on the quality, dimensional and shape accuracy of manufactured parts. Injection molding of synthetic composites with natural fillers is a hitherto little-explored area with great possibilities and potential and a precondition for significant growth, and the presented technical solution is also directed to this area.

Historically, the application of composites can be dated back to 1908, when a composite material based on phenolic resin reinforced with wood flour (L. Baekeland) was first used, but only in the last twenty years has polymer composites containing a component of natural origin spread. The share of processed biocomposites as one of the components of polymeric materials is growing every year, but there are still very few technical solutions and applications. The most commonly used natural fillers are mainly hemp, jute, flax, cotton, sisal and wood fibers. Well-known applications are parts in the Mercedes C-Class, Daimler AG. (eg door panels and sound insulation), the rear cover of a bus engine made of a mat of natural fibers, etc. However, fibrous fillers and currently more widespread particulate fillers have certain disadvantages which limit their application possibilities. The biggest disadvantages include low fluidity, degradation of the natural filler, anisotropy of properties, etc.

The proposed technical solution responds to the growing demand and requirements for these materials, which are, however, very widespread in the Czech Republic. The pressure on the application of such materials is constantly increasing, not only due to the economic situation (the price of oil is not only constantly changing, but mainly growing) and due to the possibility of influencing the final and useful properties of products, but also in terms of climate change (almost unresolved recycling of current parts from synthetic plastics, incineration of synthetic plastics, landfilling).

The essence of the technical solution

The technical solution aims to create a new polymer composite with a targeted composition of matrix, additive and vegetable particulate filler based on finely ground coatings of Juglans regia tree, to improve the final and useful properties of plastic parts with higher added value and much lower environmental impact compared to 100% synthetic products (environmental benefits). The essence of the technical solution lies in the fact that the composite contains from 62.5 to 91% by weight of a synthetic matrix of polypropylene (PP), 5 to 30% by weight of specially treated particulate filler (finely crushed fruit wrappers - Juglans regia) and 4 to 7.5% by weight. % maleic anhydride additive. To achieve the optimal properties of this composite, the following occurs when the following conditions are met:

Prior to granulation, the particulate filler must be alkali treated under the following conditions:

The filler must be soaked in a 10-20% aqueous NaOH solution for 2 to 4 hours. The particles must then be thoroughly rinsed with distilled water.

2.

3.

Where:

NP

AND

The particle size must be in the range 0,1 mm to 0,6 mm in the following largest dimensional distribution:

hm. % -19 wt. % of the total weight content of particles - the largest particle size 0.1 mm - 0.3 mm wt. % - 63 wt. % of the total weight content of particles - the largest particle size 0.3 mm - 0.5 mm wt. % - 50 wt. % of the total mass content of particles - the largest particle size 0.5 mm - 0.6 mm

The weight content of the additive in the composite must increase in proportion to the increasing weight content of the plant particles according to the following rule:

3.35 + (BS · 0.133) = A [%]

... weight percentage of vegetable particulate filler in the composite

... weight percentage of maleic anhydride additive

The composite prepared in this way can be supplemented with other additives, such as lubricants, inorganic fillers, dyes, UV stabilizers, flame retardants, pigments, antistatics, nucleating agents, etc., according to the requirements for the final and useful properties of parts and semi-finished products or process requirements. it can be made in terms of reducing the weight% of natural particles or in terms of reducing the weight of the polypropylene matrix.

-1 i «

The composite is based on particles from the crushed fruit casings of the Juglans regia tree of the required defined quality in terms of impacts and effects of temperatures and stresses during the particle preparation process, granulation process and other gradual processing, eg injection. The obtained composite is standardly supplied in the form of granules in terms of good bulk density and reduction of dust and is intended exclusively for technological injection molding processes.

Examples of technical solutions

The polymer composite with a synthetic polymer matrix and a particulate filler of vegetable origin is subsequently described in the following examples, including the indication of a suitable application, component A being a synthetic polypropylene matrix (PP), component B a particulate filler of vegetable origin (0.1 to 0.6 mm), component C maleic anhydride additive.

Examples of variants without additives:

V arianta 1:

Component A: 74% by weight of polypropylene

Component B: 20% by weight of a particulate filler of vegetable origin

Component C: 6% by weight of a maleic anhydride additive

Option 2:

Component A: 87.6% by weight of polypropylene

Component B: 8% by weight of a particulate filler of vegetable origin

Component C: 4.4% by weight of a maleic anhydride additive

Examples of variants using additives:

Option 3:

Component A: 60.6% by weight of polypropylene

Component B: 30% by weight of a particulate filler of vegetable origin

Component C: 7.4% by weight of a maleic anhydride additive

Component D: 2% by weight of other additives (pigments)

Option 4:

Component A: 89% by weight of polypropylene

Component B: 5% by weight of a particulate filler of vegetable origin

Component C: 4% by weight of a maleic anhydride additive

Component D: 2% by weight of other additives (pigments)

The polymer composite with a synthetic polymer matrix and a particulate filler of plant origin is a unique material that can be advantageously used for the production of injection molded parts imitating a natural appearance. Compared to fibrous composites, this material can be advantageously used for injection molding of complex parts, as it has excellent flow properties. Another advantage is the significantly increased thermal insulation properties. Last but not least, the material brings advantageous environmental aspects and economic savings in production (shortening the production cycle).

Industrial applicability:

The polymer composite with a synthetic polymer matrix and a particulate filler of plant origin according to the present technical solution is suitable exclusively for the production of injection-molded plastic parts.

Claims (2)

R4ÁR0KY ON PROTECTION f / VTEPWV g ¹ A polymeric composite with a synthetic polymeric matrix and a particulate filler of vegetable origin for the production of plastic parts, characterized in that the composite contains from 62.5 to 91% by weight of polypropylene (PP), 5 to 30% by weight of particulate filler of vegetable origin from 0.1 to 0.6 mm according to the distribution described above) and 4 to 7.5% by weight of a maleic anhydride-based additive, the dosage of which must comply with the rule of 3.35 + (NP · 0.133) = A [%] where "NP" is the weight percentage of vegetable particulate filler in the composite and "A" means the weight percentage of maleic anhydride additive. Polymer composite with a synthetic polymer matrix and a particulate filler of vegetable origin for the production of plastic parts according to claim 1, characterized in that the composite is supplemented with further additives such as lubricants, inorganic fillers, dyes, UV stabilizers, flame retardants, antistatics, nucleating agents , etc., when this percentage replenishment is performed in terms of reducing the weight% of the particulate filler of plant origin and / or in terms of reducing the weight% of the polypropylene matrix.