CZ307809B6 - Polymer composite with vegetable origin particulate filler - Google Patents

Abstract

The polymeric composite with a synthetic polymer matrix and a vegetable origin particulate filler for producing plastic parts contains from 62.5 to 91% by weight polypropylene (PP), 5 to 30% by weight of the particulate filler, from 0.1 to 0.6 mm on the basis of fine crushed fruit covers of Juglans regia tree fruits and 4 to 7.5% by weight of maleic anhydride additive, the dose of which must comply with the rule 3.35 + (NP ∙ 0.133) = A [%], where "NP" is the percentage by weight of vegetable particulate filler in the composite and "A" means the weight percentage of maleic anhydride-based additive.

Description

Technical field

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the composition of a polymeric composite with a particulate filler of vegetable origin for the manufacture of plastic parts with higher performance properties.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Polymeric materials and their composites are among the most progressively developing materials, because polymeric materials represent the most important segment of production and consumption by volume among all engineering materials and there is no doubt that they are key to a modern engineering company. The current development of polymer materials and their processing technologies will continue to grow in volume, and the success of individual materials developed by basic and applied research will be influenced to a large extent by the price / utility value of the material. This area of research also includes the substitution of synthetic fillers, natural fillers, which are from environmental point of interest of polymer processors and end users. The application of natural fillers is an important material modification that traditionally goes not only to the automotive industry, but also to the areas of consumer industry, medical applications, etc. The advantage of natural fillers, compared to other fillers (used in the production of composites), their low weight, low abrasion (preventing wear of processing machines), combustibility, non-toxic, biodegradability and above all low price, independent of the price of oil.

Natural fillers are mainly used in the industry in the form of fibers as reinforcement of shaped large-area parts, eg wood sawdust containing cellulose fibers and polypropylene nonwoven materials. It should be emphasized, however, that these are practically only products made by pressing, not much more widespread injection molding technology, where high demands are placed on the quality, dimensional and shape accuracy of the manufactured parts. Injection of synthetic composites with natural fillers is a little-explored area with great possibilities and potential and a prerequisite for significant growth, and the present technical solution is also directed to this area.

Historically, the application of composites dates back to 1908, when it was first used composite material based on phenolic resin reinforced with wood flour (L. Baekeland), but only in the past twenty years has the polymer composites containing a component of natural origin expanded. The share of processed biocomposites as one of the components of polymeric materials is growing every year, but there are still very few technical solutions and applications. The most used natural fillers are mainly fibers of hemp, jute, flax, cotton, sisal and wood. Well-known applications are parts in Mercedes C-Class, Daimler AG. (eg door panels and soundproofing), the rear engine cover made of natural fiber mats, etc. However, fibrous fillers and currently more widespread particulate fillers have certain disadvantages that limit their application possibilities. The biggest drawbacks include low fluidity, degradation of natural filler, anisotropy of properties, etc.

The proposed technical solution according to the invention responds to the increasing demand and requirements for these materials, which, however, have not been widely used in the Czech Republic. Pressure on the application of such materials is constantly increasing, not only because of the economic situation (the price of oil is not only constantly changing, but mainly increasing) and the possibility of influencing the final and utility properties of products, but also in terms of climate change. synthetic plastics, combustion of synthetic plastics, landfilling).

- 1 GB 307809 B6

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention aims to provide a novel polymer composite with a targeted matrix, additive and plant particulate filler composition based on finely crushed Juglans regia fruit shells to improve the end and utility properties of plastic parts with higher added value and much lower environmental impact compared to 100% synthetic products (environmental benefits). SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The composite comprises from 62.5 to 91% by weight of a polypropylene (PP) synthetic matrix, 5 to 30% by weight of a specially treated particulate filler (Juglans regia) and from 4 to 7.5% by weight. maleic anhydride-based additives. To achieve optimal properties of this composite, the following conditions are met:

1. The particulate filler shall be alkaline treated prior to granulation under the following conditions:

- The filler must be soaked in an aqueous solution of NaOH at a concentration of 10 to 20% for 2 to 4 hours. The particles must then be thoroughly rinsed with distilled water.

2. The particle size shall be between 0,1 mm and 0,6 mm in the following largest size distribution:

wt. % to 19 wt. % of the total weight content of the particles - largest particle size 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm by weight % to 63 wt. % of the total weight content of the particles - maximum particle size 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm by weight % to 50 wt. % of the total weight content of the particles - largest particle size 0.5 mm to 0.6 mm

3. The weight content of the additive in the composite must be proportional to the increasing weight content of the plant particles according to the following rule:

3.35 + (NP · 0.133) = A [%]

Where:

NP ... weight percentage of the plant particulate filler in the composite

And ... weight percent of maleic anhydride additive

The composite thus prepared can be supplemented with other additives such as lubricants, inorganic fillers, colorants, UV stabilizers, flame retardants, pigments, antistatic agents, nucleating agents, etc. according to the requirements for the final and utility properties of the parts and semi-finished products or according to process requirements. it can be carried out in terms of weight% natural particle reduction or in terms of weight% polypropylene matrix.

The composite is based on particles from the crushed fruits of the Juglans regia fruit of the required defined quality in terms of impacts and effects of temperature and stress during the particle preparation process, granulation process and other sequential processing, such as injection molding. As a standard, the obtained composite is supplied in the form of granules in terms of good bulk density and dust reduction and is intended exclusively for technological injection molding processes.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The polymer composite with a synthetic polymer matrix and a particulate filler of vegetable origin based on finely crushed fruit shells of the Juglans regia tree is then described in the following examples, including an appropriate application, where component A is a synthetic matrix

Polypropylene (PP) component B a particulate filler of vegetable origin based on finely crushed fruit shells of the Juglans regia tree (from 0.1 to 0.6 mm in size), component C additive based on maleic anhydride.

Option 1:

Component A: 60.6% by weight of polypropylene

Component B: 30% by weight of vegetable particulate filler based on finely shredded Juglans regia fruit

Component C: 7.4 wt.% Maleic anhydride additive

Component D: 2% by weight of other additives (pigments)

Option 2:

Component A: 89 wt% polypropylene

Component B: 5% by weight of vegetable particulate filler based on finely shredded Juglans regia fruit

Component C: 4% by weight maleic anhydride additive

Component D: 2% by weight of other additives (pigments)

Polymeric composite with synthetic polymer matrix and particulate filler of vegetable origin based on finely crushed fruit shells of Juglans regia tree is a unique material that can be advantageously used for production of injection molded parts imitating natural appearance. This material can advantageously be used for injection molding of complicated parts over fibrous composites as it has excellent flow properties. Another advantage is the significantly increased thermal insulation properties. Last but not least, the material brings advantageous environmental aspects and economical production savings (shortening the production cycle).

Industrial Applicability:

The polymer composite with a synthetic polymer matrix and a particulate filler of vegetable origin based on finely crushed fruit shells of the Juglans regia tree according to the present invention is suitable exclusively for the production of injection molded plastic parts.

PATENT CLAIMS

Claims (1)

A polymer composite having a synthetic polymer matrix and a particulate filler of vegetable origin for the manufacture of plastic parts, characterized in that the composite comprises from 62.5 to 91% by weight of polypropylene, 5 to 30% by weight of vegetable particulate filler based on finely ground tree fruit Juglans regia, wherein the filler is alkaline treated with a NaOH solution and the particle size is in the range of 0.1 to 0.6 mm in the following largest size distribution, i.e. 12 wt. % to 19 wt. % of total mass content of particles - maximum particle size 0,1 mm to 0,3 mm, 31 wt. % to 63 wt. % of the total mass content of particles - maximum particle size 0,3 to 0,5 mm or 25 wt. % to 50 wt. % of the total weight content of particles - the largest particle size of 0.5 to 0.6 mm, and the composite contains 4 to 7.5% by weight of a maleic anhydride additive whose dosage must comply with the rule 3.35 + (NP · 0.133) = And where "NP" is the percentage by weight of the plant particulate filler in the composite and "A" is the percentage by weight of the maleic anhydride additive, the composite being supplemented with other additives such as lubricants, inorganic fillers, colorants, UV stabilizers, retarders combustion, antistatic agents, nucleating agents, wherein this percentage addition 5 is made in terms of a reduction of the weight% of the polypropylene matrix by 2 wt.