CZ2005831A3 - Process for treating ore-free raw material, particularly silicate or coal raw material - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of treating a non-metallic raw material, in particular a silicate or coal raw material, wherein the lumpy raw material of grain size up to 20 mm, containing a mixture of plastic and non-plastic component, is dry-spun dry upon pouring, the different grain size composition, where the coarser grain size the fraction containing the ballast components is separated from the finer grain size fraction, which is enriched as the desired final product by the use component. Before the lumps are split, the extracted material can be dried. Even before separation, the lumpy raw material can be pricked to the desired granulometry up to a grain size of 20 mm. In the case of animal, quartz, quartz mixtures, the main exploitable product can be in the coarser grain size fraction and, conversely, the finer fraction concentrates undesirable minerals and minerals. The mineral or iron-containing mineral is subjected to magnetic separation at a magnetic induction of 0.5 to 2.5 T after sorting into finer or coarser granular fractions on the bearing, partially freeing undesirable iron and titanium impurities and possibly pretreating for processing. high intensity wet separation. The finer grain size fraction is transported and further processed outside the wet deposit by floatation and / or high intensity magnetic separation at a magnetic induction of up to 5 T or is self-utilizable in the dry state. By adjusting the raw material raw material, an extractable product is obtained in a coarser fraction. It is possible to sort out heat-treated non-metallic raw materials. The feedstock is selected from the group consisting of kaolin, clay, bentonite, coal, and quartz-raw materials.

Description

Method of treatment of non-metallic raw material, especially silicate or coal raw material.

Technical field

The present invention provides a method for treating a non-ore, in particular a silicate or coal, comprising treating crude kaolin, clay, claystone, bentonite, feldspar, and coal.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In the extraction of non-metallic raw materials, such as kaolin, clay, feldspar mixtures, bentonite, coal or coal clays, the mined raw material is wet-treated, washed away, and subsequently screened on sieves, hydrocyclones, gravity separators, etc. , mica and minerals are screened and then the product is precipitated by concentration (by the action of polymeric flocculants or inorganic thickeners, for example lime water), and is usually compressed by centrifugation or by pressing in a filter press. It is followed by drying and expedition. It is always necessary to process the mined raw material in the deposit, at least by grinding. However, it is disadvantageous if the raw material bearings are distant from the treatment plant. This represents a very negative burden on the environment. The excavated mixture, which contains a mixture of minerals and rocks, has to be transported over long distances at high volumes.

A similar system is used in the dry treatment of finely graded float kaolin for glass fibers. The fundamental difference between them is that in this case, the product is intensively grinded in a grain size area below 63 µm and the sorting is only a control. Crude kaolin, clay, bentonite or feldspar quartz, so-called crude feldspar kaolin, is not treated by this process.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention largely overcomes these disadvantages. It relates to a method for treating a non-metallic raw material, in particular a silicate or coal raw material. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention is based on the fact that a lumpy raw material with a grain size of up to 20 mm, containing a mixture of plastic and non-plastic components, is dry-separated after extraction directly on the bearing, then sorted on the basis of different grain size. of the component, is separated from the finer particle size fraction which is about

and as a desired end product, the useful ingredient. Before the lumps are separated, the extracted material can be dried

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The raw material containing iron or titanium minerals, after sorting into finer grain fractions on the deposit, is subjected to magnetic separation at a magnetic induction of 0.5 to 2.5 T, thereby partially removing unwanted ferric or titanium impurities. The pre-treated raw material can be processed by high-intensity wet wet separation after magnetic separation at a magnetic induction of 0.5 to 2.5 T.

Prior to separation, the lumpy feedstock can be roughly screened to the desired granulometry up to a grain size of no more than 20 mm. The finer grain fraction is transported and further processed off-site by wet float and / or high intensity magnetic separation at magnetic induction up to 5 T.

Alternatively, a non-metallic raw material with a grain size of up to 20 mm, containing a mixture of plastic and non-particulate components, is dry-separated after extraction directly on the bearing, then sorted on the basis of a different grain size, the coarser grain fraction forming the main useful treatment product. from a finer grain fraction in which undesirable minerals and minerals are concentrated, selected from the group consisting of kaolinite, clay, ferric pigments from feldspar or quartz grain surfaces.

The non-ore treated is selected from the group consisting of kaolin, clay, bentonite, coal and feldspar.

The advantage of the above process of dry treatment of kaolin, clay, bentonite, coal and feldspar raw materials by separating (grinding) and air or vibrating sorting is mainly the possibility of pretreatment, ie increasing the richness of the useful mineral (eg kaolin, clay, feldspar etc.) in the raw material and its economical transport to a distant swimming pool or treatment plant leaving ballast mineral (eg coarse sand, contaminated kaolin or clay, etc.) directly on the deposit. There is a significant reduction in the cost of transporting the enriched raw material concentrate and also saves the environment (reducing noise, dust, shocks due to transport by heavy cars). Finely sorted plastic raw material is already pre-treated and its further processing (eg wet float) can be carried out in a shortened technological process (without crushing, melting and sorting on hydrocyclone with a diameter of 350 mm). This results in • 9 99 9999

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9 9 9 · Reducing the cost of manufacturing the treatment product, it is not necessary to transport and store the unusable coarse sand, sorted by the raw material. On the contrary, coarse sand, feldspar, etc., separated from the deposit is already deprived of most clay (washable substances) and is easier to adjust for further use. The product of the proposed treatment is also usable in the dry state, for example for sanitary products, refractory mixtures, cladding building materials. Alternatively, they are processed in an economically advantageous wet process by float in a swimming pool, where only a fine refinement of the mixture, its concentration, pressing and drying is sufficient. In some cases it is possible to prepare the raw material or its mixtures in wet form or in wet conditions. The product is then usable for the highest quality ceramic products (porcelain) and paper products.

The proposed method of treating the non-metallic raw material of the present invention not only allows particle size distribution but also allows dry cleaning of the product directly on the deposit by magnetic separation and partial removal of, for example, biotite, muscovite, siderite and other minerals containing undesirable ferric and titanium compounds. This improves the quality of the pre-treated raw material. It is always a compromise between the loss of useful mineral in the sorted fraction that remains on the deposit and the enrichment of the concentrate being transported to the swimming pool. However, even the residual fraction that remains on the bearing can be treated and thus the loss of useful mineral (quartz sand, feldspar) can be utilized for other applications, for example for plaster or concrete mixtures, building materials, blasting and the like. The method of treating the non-metallic raw material according to the invention can also be carried out outside the bearing and preferably also in places with a lack of water.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In the method of dry treatment of kaolin, clay, bentonite, coal or feldspar raw material by separation (milling) and air or vibrating screening, raw kaolin, clay, bentonite, coal or feldspar raw material of suitable granulometry (up to a grain size of 20 mm maximum) or a coarse-screened treatment product devoid of larger grains, or any fine soft mixture of minerals and ingredients of different granulometric composition at the waist is conveyed via a knife breaker to a hammer or other suitable mill with a drying chamber. Here the lumps are dried and coarsened (at a reduced mill speed by means of the frequency of the mill by the frequency of the mill.) · · · · · · · · · · · ····· · 99 99 999 9999 (kaolinite - quartz or even feldspar, possibly also mica, bentonite, etc.). the split dry mixture is blown onto an air or vibration screen where the desired finer grain fraction (e.g., below 63 µm, or 100 µm, or 150 µm, or 200 to 250 µm, etc.) is screened, which is enriched with useful minerals, e.g. kaolin and further separation of coarser silica or feldspar feldspar, or. and other sand fractions. Similarly, secondary products from wet and dry treatment of suitable silicate raw materials can be processed. It is not expedient to grind the raw material, but only to disintegrate the lumps of plastic and non-plastic components of the mixture and sort them (wind up) on a wind or vibrating screen on the basis of different grain size (finer kaolinite or montmorillonite, illite etc.) quartz or feldspar in a fraction of about 100 - 1000 pm). All of these minerals may be partially represented in the 20 to 100 µm particle size fraction. After screening, the desired treatment product is subjected to magnetic separation. In some cases, it is not necessary to dry the sorted materials before separation to use the combustion chamber. The useful fraction of the sorting can also be a coarser fraction (for example feldspar, usually non-plastic raw materials) and undesirable impurities (for example iron and titanium compounds) are bound to a finer plastic component (kaolin, clay, etc.).

Example 1

Crude kaolin having a moisture content of about 10% with high whiteness after drying and fine granulometry (grain of non-plastic minerals up to about 2 mm) with a so-called kaolin effluent of about 20 to 25% by weight. separates and classifies the bearing according to the proposed procedure. After removal of the coarse and coarser quartz (fraction above about 200 µm), the richness of the flood is increased to about 50 to 80% by weight. This kaolin concentrate can then be used separately in sanitary ceramics, refractory mixtures, tiles, firing, etc. after magnetic separation, or it can be transported over longer distances for further treatment by wet float (paper kaolin with high whiteness, fine fillers) etc.).

Example 2

A fine feldspar-quartz mixture (quartz and feldspar grains up to approximately 0.5-1 mm) resulting from the wet-treatment of suitable kaolins (approx. 25% humidity), for example, sinks of 350,150 and 50 mm hydrocyclones with a high alkali content (eg K2O) approx. 5-8 wt.%, Na 2 O approx. 0.5-1.5 wt.%) and with the remainder of the kaolinite that binds to olin · ¥¥ · • · • · • · • · · · ·· ¥ ·· ·· ··· »·· ¥ · 9 · ¥ · · · · ¥¥¥ · · ¥ ¥ · ¥ · ¥ · · ¥ ·· ¥ ·· ¥ yourself undesirable ferric impurities are treated according to the proposed procedure. After the pre-treated mixture is dried, the lumps are separated in the mill, but above all the feldspar of feldspar and quartz grains with possible unwanted ferrous coating is separated and after sorting on a wind or vibrating screen separates the required cleaned feldspar-quartz mixture. up to 1000 pm) and unwanted iron minerals contaminated with finer kaolin fractions (e.g. 0 - 100 pm). This also leads to a favorable increase in the flux content of the feldspar-silica mixture (K ₂ O, Na ₂ O) and a reduction in the undesirable Fe ₂ C> 3 content.

Example 3

Crude, so-called feldspar, kaolin with a high content of alkalis and very low flooding (kaolinite richness) below about 10 to 15 wt. is subjected to the proposed treatment procedure on the bearing. Both sorted grain size fractions, ie coarser feldspar-quartz and finer fractions containing kaolinite and ilite are well usable. First as a flux in ceramic mixtures and masses, respectively. as a sanding material in cladding materials, and the other as a carrier of high mechanical strength in plastic mixtures and in the treatment of ceramic kaolins by kneading.

Example 4

Crude kaolin with high whiteness after drying and fine granulometry (quartz or feldspar grains up to approx. 1 mm) with so-called kaolin leach of about 20 to 40 wt. is adjusted to the bearing by the proposed procedure. After removal of coarse and coarser quartz or even feldspar (fraction above about 63 µm), a glass fiber product is obtained. In order to increase the efficiency of the treatment, it is possible to subject the proposed treatment to a mixture of crude kaolin with high whiteness, resp. with a low content of iron oxide and fine coarse-grained kaolins with a high content of alumina but with an unfavorably high content of iron oxide (about 1 to 1.6 wt.%).

Example 5

The raw or activated bentonite jfl (with the addition of Na ₂ CC »3) is subjected to the proposed treatment without drying (using naturally dried raw material with a moisture content of up to about 10%) or after drying to a moisture content of about 10% the chamber (medium gas) and after adjusting (decreasing) the speed of the hammer mill by means of a frequency converter, a sorbent fraction having a grain size of for example 0 to 2 mm is obtained, which is separated into a useful fraction on an air or vibrating screen. 0.7 to 2.0 mm and a fine dust content of 0 to 0.7 mm, which is further used. The product of the treatment is litter for small animals, especially for cats (clumping sorbent).

Example 6

After treatment of the raw kaolin or crumbling clay on a vibrating screen having a mesh size of e.g. 10.0 mm, the mixture on the bearing is subjected to the proposed treatment procedure. The product is, for example, porous, refractory clay (fine grain size fraction below about 100 µm) and quartz sand, often contaminated with mica (coarse fraction above about 100 µm).

Example 7

Treatment of ceramic clay with high content of organic substances (eg lignite), contaminated with quartz sand, iron compounds (pyrite, marcasite, siderite, pelosiderite etc.) by the proposed technological process on the deposit, is obtained in finer fraction (about 0 to 100, possibly up to about 200 pm) high-quality refractory clay with high content of fine organic substances, which favorably influence the theological and casting properties of ceramic suspensions and after firing they cause high porosity of products (eg lightening agents, etc.). The ballast is a mixture of quartz, harder and heavier iron compounds in a coarser screening fraction. At the same time, the content of undesirable sulfur in sorted clay, bound to ferrous minerals, is also reduced.

Example 8

The mixture of kaolin, or clay with wood sawdust, prepared by kneading in the Eirich quick mixer, after passing through the kneader at the treatment plant, is subjected to the proposed treatment process, omitting the knife cutter and using the frequency converter on the mill. By vibrating screening, the milled expanded mixture is divided into a proportion below about 4.5 mm and a further screening gives a finer grain size of about 0 to 1.1 mm and a coarser grain size of about 1.1 to 4.5 mm, which after firing to a temperature of 1300 ° C provide excellent, white, lightweight chamotte with very low bulk density with precise granulometry, high particle strength and carbon monoxide resistance.

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Example 9

Metakaolin AI ₂ O ₃ 2SiO2 (brittle, burnt kaolin, or a suitable clay in the temperature range of about 600 to 1000 ° C) is subjected to a factory-designed process in the form of pieces up to about 20 mm, granules (noodles), fine powder and mixtures thereof. without using the combustion chamber (without drying). Two products are obtained: coarser (with a medium grain size of about 25 to 30 pm) for the use of metakaolin in cement, or generally in the construction industry (eg plaster) and finer for special applications (eg paint).

Example 10

White, brittle fillers with high whiteness (over approx. 84%), soft, based on baked kaolin, clay and other mixtures and additives increasing the whiteness after firing, for example very pure fine quartz sand, feldspar, alumina, MgO, limestone etc. ( temperature range of about 850 to 1250 ° C) is subjected to the proposed treatment process in the form of pieces, granules (noodles), fine powder and mixtures thereof without drying. The result is, after fine air sorting (eg below 2 pm, optionally below 10 pm or 20 pm, etc.), a white filler with a very high whiteness, a high alumina grit and the like.

Example 11

Crude feldspar kaolin with granulometry up to approx. 20 mm is subjected to the proposed treatment method on the deposit. The sorting limit on the vibrating screen is 1.0 mm and so-called semi-solids with a grain size of 0 to 1.0 mm, a kaolin fraction with a fraction of grit, is advantageously used in ceramic (eg paving, acid-resistant fittings, etc.) .

Example 12

Crude, plastic ceramic kaolin with a high content of alumina, with a mining humidity of about 25 to 30%, is subjected without flooding directly to the proposed treatment process with a sorting threshold of about 100 pm or 200 pm. The treatment technology replaces the flooding of the raw material with the sorting of unsuitable fraction kaolin fractions (sand, coarse mica, coal, pyrite, siderite, pelosiderite, etc.) in the dry state. After the dry magnetic separation, the treatment product can be used separately in ceramic mixtures (eg sanitary ware, decorative ceramics and tiling materials, refractory materials, electroporcelain and technical ceramics) or is further treated, for example, by fine sorting (hydrocyclone diameter 50 and 80 respectively). or 100 pm), high intensity magnetic separation, flotation, etc. and is applicable in the fine ceramics (porcelain), sanitary ceramics, glazes and ariths, refractory mixtures, chemical industries.

Example 13

Coal with a high ash content (especially surface mined lignite or lignite with a higher content of clay, sand, iron and sulfur minerals, etc.) is subjected directly to the proposed treatment process with special mill cooling and air or vibrating screening without drying. The finer and lighter treatment product (coal) has a higher calorific value and a lower specific sulfur content. The coarser product contains mainly heavier particles and grains of sand, pyrite, marcasite, siderite, pelosiderite, mica etc.

Example 14

Crude kaolin containing mica (e.g., biotite, muscovite, etc.) is subjected to the proposed treatment method directly on the deposit. A finely sorted mixture of kaolin (e.g. fractions below 0.15 to 0.25 mm), fine quartz, mica and the like passes through a magnetic separator (e.g., grate, drum, cylindrical, etc.) with a magnetic induction size of 0.5 to 2, The desired treatment product is enriched with the mineral kaolinite (leaching, i.e. particles below 20 µm, approximately 50 to 90% by weight), while at the same time partially freeing from undesirable ferric or titanium impurities (biotite, muscovite, etc.). It is thus pre-treated for high-intensity wet magnetic separation.

Example 15

The feldspar or feldspar-quartz mixture is cleaned by magnetic dry separation (grate, cylindrical or drum separator) with magnetic field induction of approximately 0.5 to 2.5 T after application of the proposed treatment method directly on the bearing. The product is enriched with the desired melting oxides ( K ₂ O, Na ₂ O) and gets rid of undesirable Fe ₂ O ₃ or TiO ₂ content. It is thus cleaner after firing for application in ceramic mixtures and masses.

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Example 16

Bentonitic clay with a higher proportion of non-plastic particles and lower binding capacity (eg quartz, feldspar, biotite, siderite, pyrite, coal, etc.), with lower content of usable mineral montmorillonite (eg illitic-montmorillonite clay or polluted clay) adjustments. Thereby a high quality bentonite with a high content of montmorillonite is obtained in the finer fraction, with a very high sorption and binding capacity, respectively. with a reduced content of iron minerals, which can be used, for example, in the production of sorbents, plasticizers, in the foundry and construction industries. The treatment product may have greater color fastness over time (partial removal of minerals subject to decomposition reactions causing color change).

Industrial use of the invention

The invention is applicable to dry-treatment of non-ore (e.g., kaolin, clay, bentonite, coal and feldspar) raw materials by grinding and air or vibration screening directly on the bearing or treatment plant. This pretreatment of the raw material in the deposit means an increase in the richness of the useful mineral (eg kaolin, clay, feldspar, etc.) in the raw material and the possibility of its economical transfer to a distant plant or treatment plant leaving ballast mineral (eg coarse sand, contaminated kaolin or clay) bearing. The treatment product can also be used independently in the dry state. In this way, it is also possible to separate the heat-treated raw materials (eg, kaolin, clay, mixtures, etc.).

Claims (8)

PATENT CLAIMS Method for treating a non-metallic raw material, in particular a silicate or coal raw material, characterized in that the lumpy raw material with a grain size of up to 20 mm containing plastic and non-plastic components is dry-separated after extraction directly on the bearing. different grain compositions, wherein the coarser grain fraction containing ballast components is separated from the finer grain fraction, which thus enriches the useful ingredient as the desired end product. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the extracted raw material is dried before the lumps are separated. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the raw material containing iron or titanium minerals, after screening into finer or coarser grain fractions on the bearing, is subjected to magnetic separation at a magnetic induction of 0.5 to 2.5 T, thereby partially removing unwanted caustic and titanium impurities. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the pre-treated raw material is subjected to a high-intensity wet magnetic separation after magnetic separation at a magnetic induction of from 0.5 to 2.5 T. Method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, prior to the separation, the lumpy raw material is roughly screened to the desired granulometry up to a grain size of at most 20 mm. Method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the finer particle size fraction is transported and further processed already outside the bearing by wet float and / or high intensity magnetic separation at magnetic induction up to 5 T. Method for treating non-metallic raw material, in particular feldspar and feldspar-quartz mixtures, characterized in that the lumpy raw material with a grain size of up to 20 mm, containing 9 · ·· The mixture of plastic and non-plastic component is dry-separated after extraction directly on the bearing, and then sorted on the basis of a different grain size composition, whereby the coarser grain fraction forming the main usable treatment product is separated from the finer grain fraction , in which undesirable minerals and minerals are concentrated, selected from the group comprising kaolinite, clay, ferric pigments from feldspar or quartz grain surfaces Process according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the non-ore to be treated is selected from the group consisting of kaolin, clay, bentonite, coal and feldspar.