CZ17704U1 - Device for obtaining fall of water to utilize hydraulic power - Google Patents

Description

Technical field

The present technical solution relates to a device that will enable more efficient use of hydropower. However, obtaining the required slope of water for the use of hydropower does not require the construction of new dams or weirs, or their increase, and allows the construction of hydroelectric power stations where it has not yet been possible due to low slope and necessary environmental interventions. Background Art

Two main groups of water works are known: water works located directly in the main stream and water works derivational.

A water work lying directly in the main stream can be, for example, a stream of water that uses the difference of levels between the points ..A and ..B '. Water is drawn directly without weirs or similar objects. All buildings stand directly at the main stream. Furthermore, this group includes the weir-type water works, which also uses the level difference between "A" and "B". The entire gradient is obtained by swelling the water on the weir. The engine room is directly on the main flow bank with this type of work. The water is taken right on the weir and is returned back to its pool. The weir must be tall. All buildings stand directly in the main stream. There is no longer a drive and a sewer. This work is suitable for small gradients and large flows. Water accumulation can only be used as part of the weir backwater. Compared to a derivative water component, there are small demands on the area of built-up land. This is how the water works in the lowlands are solved. Establishments are simpler in construction but are more vulnerable to floods. Construction and repairs must be carried out with continuous water flow. The same group includes dams.

The derivative of water also uses the gradient obtained by the difference in height between points, .A ”and ..B”. The engine room of this derivative type is out of the main flow. Water is fed to it by means of a drive and is returned back through the waste channel. There are no other structures and interventions on the main stream outside the weir and offtake facility. The weir also does not have to be tall. All that is needed is enough to allow the water to be drawn into the drive (as low as 0.2 meters). All water motor slope is obtained by almost horizontal drive of the drive, while the original riverbed decreases more significantly. Similarly, the waste channel is solved. In this way, the vast majority of small water works were solved. The advantage was that the SC only ran the necessary amount of water and it was more protected under the flood. The disadvantage was the laborious maintenance of a long drive. This simple solution was not always enough, and there was often a need for more complex systems. Often, water was also taken on one weir, but the driveway gradually passed through several water parts below it in a cascade.

Derivative works include derivative works of low pressure (flow and accumulation), low pressure with pressure feeder (flow and accumulation), high pressure (flow and accumulation) and combi

All derivative water works used up to now must have a drive or pressure feed outside the watercourse. They therefore necessarily occupy the surrounding land and the construction of a new hydroelectric power station is therefore often not feasible.

Waste pipes, ducts, or mammals are mostly short and flow into the river after leaving the turbine co

-the shortest route.

Other problems associated with the use of hydropower to assist prior art devices are ecological problems in the floodplains of newly built dams, such as changes in local climate, danger of potential earthquakes, change in quality and temperature of discharged water. In addition, the dam dams the migration path to aquatic animals by dividing the flow into two separate sections.

- 1 The essence of the technical solution

An apparatus for obtaining a gradient of water for the use of hydropower is exceptional in that it allows energy to be obtained at locations that could not be utilized for economic reasons, or it is not possible to build up a sufficiently high bifurcation in these locations. This technical solution does not deny the mere difference of levels created by the weir, but focuses on places providing a difference in water level (gradient) on the longer section of the watercourse.

The basis of the technical solution is the pipeline connecting the places on the watercourse with the different level of the level stored directly in the river bed, its shore or its vicinity. The length of the pipe is selected by varnish. to obtain the necessary level difference.

The pipe diameter may vary depending on, for example, the required power of a small hydroelectric power plant derived from the level difference at the start and end of the pipe and the amount of water available. With low flow rates and high gradients, the piping can have an internal diameter of, for example, 100 mm; if enough water is available, the inside diameter can be 1000 mm or greater.

The conduit may be formed of any suitable material having the desired long-term resistance to mechanical and chemical stresses, e.g., metal such as steel, stoneware or concrete, plastic such as polyethylene, polypropylene, or polyvinyl chloride.

The conduit may have any cross-section, preferably circular, and may be integral or assembled from portions that are suitably connected, for example, by welding or gluing.

In a preferred embodiment, the pipe is of steel or polyethylene.

At the beginning of the pipeline at a location with a higher water level, an inlet object is preferably provided above the weir, step or threshold to guide water into the pipeline and remove coarser dirt. For this purpose, the bullfighting object is provided with frills and a rake. The pipeline is further guided by the location. to achieve the maximum difference in levels at the beginning and end of the pipe.

The pipeline may have been loosely laid in the riverbed or may be partially or fully embedded in the riverbed. If necessary, it can be properly anchored to the bed. Especially for pipes made of lightweight material such as plastic, anchoring may be necessary. For example, concrete fittings can be threaded onto the pipe for load and mechanical protection of the pipe.

The conduit may also be disposed in or near the watercourse shore, for example to overcome thresholds or rapids in the river bed.

The gradient obtained by the apparatus can be suitably utilized, for example, to convert hydropower with a suitable water machine such as a turbine coupled to an electricity generator.

It is also possible to use more than one pipe to make the maximum use of water potential more efficient.

The engine room is located at or near the lower end of the pipeline and constructed. not to be endangered by high water; its simple construction allows the use of different types of turbines according to the flow and gradient, which are suitably coupled to the electric generator, but it is not ruled out the direct use of mechanical work for other purposes.

The device can be further used, for example, to supply water for watering.

Examples of technical solutions

Example 1

The watercourse allows the use of a flow of 8 m7s of water for a small hydropower plant in a given locality.

The water drop is 5 m, but the flow cannot be dammed by such a high dam. The required length of the pipeline from the point of the highest level to the power plant's machine room is 50 m.

. 7

CZ 17704 Ul

When selecting a 1000 mm steel pipe, the flow velocity in the pipe will be 10 m / s. The corresponding pressure drop will be approximately 32 kPa, ie 3.2 m. The remaining water drop for use for energy conversion on the turbine will be 1.8 m. The achievable turbine power will be 120 kW for the usual efficiency, 100 kW generator power.

Example 2

A water drop of 30 m and a usable flow of 20 m m / h can be used on the creek from the highest rapids. The length of the watercourse from the place of the highest level to the machine room of the power plant is 200 m.

When selecting a polyethylene pipe with a diameter of 90 mm laid and anchored to the bottom of the stream, the flow velocity in the pipe will be 2 m / s. The corresponding pressure drop will be about 130 kPa, i.e. about 13 m. The remaining water drop for use for energy conversion at the turbine will be 16 m.

Claims (12)

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS A device for obtaining a water head for the utilization of hydropower, characterized in that it is formed by a pipeline connecting points on a watercourse with different level of water, deposited 15 directly in or near the riverbed. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipeline is laid loosely and / or anchored and / or embedded in the riverbed or bank. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pipe is made of steel, plastic or concrete. :O Device according to claim 3, characterized in that. that the plastic pipe is provided with protection against mechanical damage and load. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the protection and load are formed from concrete or ceramic fittings. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that. This means that a headbox is provided at the inlet of the tubes at a higher level. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the inflow object is located above the weir, step or threshold. Device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in. that the inlet is equipped with screens and a rake, 30 Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a machine room for utilizing hydropower is provided at the pipe outlet at a lower level or near the pipe outlet. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the engine room comprises a small hydroelectric power plant. 35 Device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that. The engine room is located on the shore, protected from large water. Device according to one of Claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the outlet part of the piping from the engine room is widened and located in the riverbed.