CZ163698A3 - Aerosol-forming extinguishing agent and process for producing thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

In the present invention, there is disclosed an aerosol-forming extinguishing agent comprising from 65 to 80 percent by weight of potassium nitrate KNOi3 and/or potassium perchlorate KClOi4, from 10 to 11 percent by weight of carbon black and from 20 to 21 percent by weight of magnesium carbonate MgCOi3. There is also disclosed a process for preparing the above-described extinguishing agent, said process comprising: introducing 69 to 71 percent by weight of potassium nitrate and/or potassium perchlorate into a mixer, adding 20 to 21 percent by weight of magnesium carbonate MgCOi3 thereto, pouring water therein in an amount sufficient to achieve the water/mixture ratio 1 part of water and 5 parts of the mixed mixture in one kilogram, whereby water is allowed to completely soak. The obtained mixture is then agitated to give a uniform moist homogenous material in which 10 to 11 percent by weight of carbon black are added. Mixing thereof is continued until a moist homogeneous mixture is formed. The obtained mixture is then treated at a temperature ranging from 18 to 23 degC to the final extinguishing agent that is air dried and enclosed with a thin watertight sleeve.

Description

Aerosol-forming extinguishing agent and process for its production

Technical field

Invention relates solid extinguishing agent forming an aerosol and his way production. Background techniques

In connection with the reduction of CFC production and cessation of its production since 1999, intensive methods of production of alternative extinguishing agents are being sought so that they are not only at least as effective as the previous extinguishing agents, but also environmentally safe. In addition to these extinguishing agents, it is possible to include the aerosol resulting from the combustion of specially formulated aerosol-forming extinguishing agents.

The principle of their effect is that, depending on the size and location of the fire, a suitable amount of solid extinguishing agent is used, which is still produced and stored in various sizes and different packaging.

The extinguishing agent is ignited (e.g.

electric spark, stroke, match, burning object ...) and allowed to act in a burning space, especially enclosed.

There is a rapid development of aerosol, which relieves the oxygen of the hazardous area in particular and thus reduces the fire often until it is completely extinguished.

Subsequent work of firefighters consists in completion of firefighting work.

fire and cleaning, which is mostly done only with water.

Aerosol-forming extinguishers are becoming increasingly popular for ease of handling, high efficiency in use, and efficiency over a wide range of temperatures in the fire-fighting area. The big disadvantage, however, is that the known aerosol-forming extinguishers contain a large amount of oxidizing substances and, in particular, hydrocarbon combustibles, which sometimes brings about. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · They have a high temperature of ignition flame up to 2600 ° C, the flame is diffuse, so in the initial stage of extinguishing it can actually contribute to increasing its own fire damage. In addition, the ignition flame is quite high for them, so it can ignite objects near the extinguishers that have not yet burned before extinguishing. Due to the high content of flammable substances in the fire extinguishers used so far, it is necessary to be careful when handling and storing them so that they do not ignite automatically or explode. Another disadvantage, for example of powdered extinguishing agents, is their difficulty in storage, which reduces their efficiency and requires frequent inspections.

The use of an aerosol-forming extinguishing agent is known, for example, from Russian Patent No. 20 80 137, based on a mixture of potassium perchlorate KClO 4, a hydrocarbon combustible type of polyurethane or butadiene rubber or epoxy pitch and a combustion catalyst. Although it already has a low flame, the ignition temperature is, however, up to 2600 K. Also according to another Russian patent No. 20 76 761 it is known to use a similar extinguisher based on potassium nitrate KNO3, hydrocarbon combustible type polyurethane or butadiene rubber or epoxy pitch and additives, which, in use, burns again with a high, high-temperature ignition flame.

According to Russian technical standard TU 080-192-33-91 a 12% wt. % of a divinylstyrene thermoplastic, further comprising 12 wt. % formaldehyde phenol, 51 wt.

% potassium nitrate KNO3, 25 wt. % potassium perchlorate KCIO4 and up to 100 wt. technological additives. Burning of this extinguishing agent produces highly dispersive substances which extinguish the fire. The extinguishing agent is used in a solid mixture, which is obtained by pressing the matrix at a temperature of 100 ° C or more. The disadvantage of this extinguishing agent is that it is not possible to control its combustion rate with or without the presence of a catalyst and that it has a lower cf ~ coefficient equal to 0.6, so that complete combustion does not occur. 9 9 99 99

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9999 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Oxygenation of combustion products in which up to 40% of hydrogen and carbon oxides remain, which release carbon dioxide into air and water and produce a large diffusion flame (from 0.5 to 1 m). Special safety precautions should be observed and this extinguishing agent should only be used in small quantities.

Similarly, an aerosol-forming extinguishing agent according to Russian Patent No. 208 55 16 is known which has an α-coefficient in the range of 0.8 to

1.0 and consists of 13.5 to 20 wt. % hydrocarbon combustibles as a binder of the polyurethane or butadiene rubber type or epoxy pitch, an oxidant of the potassium perchlorate KClO4 or potassium nitrate KNO3 type, or mixtures thereof in an amount of 70 to 82 wt. and special additives in an amount of 5 to 10% by weight, including a copper oxide combustion catalyst. This extinguishing agent makes it possible to control the combustion rate and releases sufficiently pure products in which hydrogen (2 to 5% by weight) and carbon oxides (12 to 18% by weight) predominate, thus again producing a diffuse flame whose ignition temperature is high, ie 2500 up to 2700 K. The composition of the extinguishing agent is the cause of its changes during storage in the tanks and it also influences the choice of materials for the production of these tanks (generators).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The above-mentioned disadvantages of an aerosol-forming extinguishing agent consisting of a potassium nitrate and / or potassium perchlorate oxidant, flammable substances and additives, eliminate the solution according to the invention, which consists in

65 to 80 ‘ wt. potassium nitrate KNO3, where appropriate potassium perchlorate KCIO4 or their mixtures, 10 to 12 ° λ wt. hydrogen - free combustibles; and 25 to 8 5 wt. combustion speed regulator.

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The essence of the extinguishing agent according to the invention further consists in the fact that it contains

68 to 73 S wt. potassium nitrate KNO3 or potassium perchlorate KCIO4 or a mixture thereof i, 10, 5 to 11 * / < wt. Hydrogen - free soot - type combustibles; and 21.5 to 16 2 wt. a charcoal speed regulator magnesium carbonate MgCO 3.

Extinguishing agent according to the invention further preferably contains 70 ° a = wt. choke and chinese drase1ného KNO3, 10? wt. soot and 20 3 > wt. coal or tan magnesium MgCO ₃

The essence of the extinguishing agent according to the invention is that a process for its preparation is introduced into the mixing device with a corresponding amount of oxidant, to which is added a corresponding amount of combustion rate regulator, whereupon the mixture is watered in a ratio of 1 part of water in liters per 5 parts of the mixed mixture in kg and allowed to soak thoroughly into the mixture.

Stirring is continued until a homogeneous homogeneous mixture is formed and an appropriate amount of anhydrous flammable flammable material is introduced into the wet homogeneous mixture, mixed again thoroughly, and the resulting wet mixture is after compression mixed at 18 to 23 ° C to give a final extinguishing agent. After free drying, this is packed in plastic or aluminum foil for example and sent for use or stored.

The method for producing the extinguishing agent according to the invention can also be carried out by introducing into the mixing device an appropriate amount of oxidant, to which water is poured in an amount of 1 part water to 5 parts extinguishing agent and mixed thoroughly after soaking. An appropriate amount of a combustion rate regulator is added to this base and mixed properly, an appropriate amount of anhydrous flammable flammable material is added to the resulting homogeneous mixture and mixed again properly.

After the formation of a wet, uniform mixture, pressing is carried out at a temperature of 18 to 23 ° C, e.g.

flat fire bodies, which are wrapped after loose drying eg.

into plastic or aluminum foil and ready for use.

The advantage of the extinguishing agent according to the invention is that.

that its continuous combustion does not give rise to a high diffusion flame temperature, since it is only around 600 ° C. Another advantage is the use of considerably less extinguishing agent for a certain area to extinguish the fire than with previously known and used extinguishing agents of a similar type

Also, the formation and quantity of harmful substances is considerably reduced as it has been convincingly found and declared that the single and repeated contact with the skin does not prove irritant according to the invention, does not show sensitizing effects, has not been proven toxicological effect by inhalation and only and temporarily irritating the mucous membranes of the eyes

Class 4 flammability.

It is guaranteed a 10-year shelf life provided that it is protected from adverse atmospheric influences, in particular

heat and moisture. Hygiene-toxic-toxic measurement operation spa1 i n after use has i va pod1e invention was done attempts on mouse ch and rats at which se v basically proved eat them independence their contact with rep

organism.

Prophylactic conditions:

In case of spontaneous ignition of aerosol generating extinguishing agent and in fires in closed areas, it is recommended to arrange for evacuation of people and ventilation of rooms. In cases of prolonged stay in the combustion products zone, it is advisable to use individual respiratory and eye protection equipment - an M branded gas mask.

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The extinguishing agent according to the invention has been successfully used in extinguishing flammable liquids, such as machine oil, gasoline, acetone, technical rubber products, plastics, wood or textiles.

However, it is advisable to maintain a distance of 25 cm from all possible flammable elements, including the supporting structures when placing the extinguishing agent according to the invention in use.

A great advantage of the extinguishing agent according to the invention is its safety during its transport or during its own work, when there is no risk of its spontaneous prices or explosion. It should not be hammered or exposed to temperatures above 50 ° C or kept on humid conditions. When using it to extinguish a fire, it is advisable to close windows, doors or other openings in the extinguished room and leave the room.

A further advantage of the extinguishing agent according to the invention is that it does not release environmentally harmful substances which would affect the ozone layer of the earth's atmosphere, and further contains no pressurized components.

has a much higher extinguishing capacity than other extinguishers of this class, at least for a period of minutes, does not contain materials allowing promoting packaging for him.

The extinguishing agent according to the invention is produced in a simple manner according to the invention. In an agitator, an appropriate amount of an oxidant, preferably potassium nitrate, is first mixed with an appropriate amount of a rate-controlling agent, in particular magnesium carbonate, then the corresponding amount of water is poured into the mixture, especially in a ratio of 1 liter of water to 5 kg of the mass. After the water has soaked, a homogeneous wet mixture is formed with stirring, to which again a given amount of anhydrous flammable material, in particular carbon black, is added with stirring. After formation of one wet mixture, the final extinguishing agent is simply transported to warehouses or for further use for extinguishing. However, it is necessary to follow this procedure of adding the individual components to the extinguishing agent. The entire production of the extinguishing agent is carried out at the usual temperature of 18 to 23 ° C.

The advantage of the method according to the invention lies in its absolute simplicity and safety, moreover it also processes waste material and the production itself does not pollute the environment in any way.

The process according to the invention can be used to produce other types of already known aerosol forming hashes, e.g. containing potassium chlorates or perchlorates and a catalyst instead of a flame-retardant or hydrocarbon combustible.

The following exemplifying embodiments of the extinguishing agent and the method according to the invention merely illustrate.

without limiting it.

Example 1

Procedure I.

Add 70 kg of potassium nitrate to the mixer

KNO3, to which we add 20 kg of magnesium carbonate MgCO3, mix and pour 20 l of water, which we soak into the mixture and then mix well. Add one kg of soot to the monolithic wet mixture and mix again thoroughly. Press the resulting homogeneous mixture at the usual temperature of 18 to 23 ° C.

20 mm thick, for tablets of round, oval, ellipsoidal or quadrangular shape, but generally any molding having a thickness of 5 mm to 1 m can be prepared. Their shape depends on the shape of the containers (generators).

The resulting moldings are allowed to dry freely, wrapped in a foil protecting against moisture and stored. Immediately before use remove the packaging, ignite the extinguishing agent and place it in the extinguished area.

that we close. Generating aerosol, which mainly contains water.

··>

• steam, carbon oxides and combustion inhibitor, potassium K2CO3, eventually potassium chloride extinguishes the fire.

Procedure II.

Place 70 kg into the mixer

KNO ₃ , to which we add 20 liters of water and add 20 to gentle mixing ··· ·

KC1 what it is is to mix the carbon or Lan mixture or a mixture of potassium nitrate. To the mixture of kg of magnesium carbonate MgCO 3, mix thoroughly and add 10 kg of carbon black to the mixture. After a thoroughly damp homogeneous mixture, press into flat moldings of a thickness of about 20 mm and continue as described in Procedure I.

Example 2

Procedures I.

or which are listed in

Example 1, an extinguishing agent according to the invention was prepared and tested as a variant, the composition and characteristics of which are given in the following:

Tables 1.

The original invention was prepared and tested a large invention with different amounts of extinguishing agent according to test samples

Ingredients, which nor are they all contained in Tables 1. It results from that is unambiguously optimal properties reported an extinguishing agent according to the invention which: had composition 70 ° λ wt. potassium nitrate KNO3 10? wt. soot 20 ° 6 wt. carbon of magnesium MgCO 3.

This extinguishing agent has a fire extinguishing effect of about 30 minutes with a suitable burning rate and low flame and low ignition temperature.

Industrial applicability

The present invention relates to an aerosol-forming extinguishing agent consisting mainly of potassium nitrate or perchlorate or its

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9999 9 99 99999 99 mixture, soot and magnesium carbonate, the extinguishing effect of which is about 30 minutes. It can be used in mostly enclosed rooms, eg in factories, workshops, garages or in households, because its simple manufacture and easy work with it allows to prepare various sizes of extinguisher packages for wide use.

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Table 1 Has i vo Ingredients Extinguishing effect Note AND 60% wt. KNO3 OC = 1.0 does not burn 9% wt. soot v = 0 dus i se 31% wt. MgCO ₃ there is no flame (B) 65% wt. KNO3 CA. = 0, 98 it burns smoothly 1O% wt. soot v = 0.8 mm / s continuous regulation 25% wt. MgCO ₃ there is no flame C 72, 6 % wt. KNOa 0C = 1.0 it burns smoothly 11.0 % wt. soot v = 1.4 mm / s little regulation 16, 4 % wt. MgCO3 there is no flame D 80% wt. KNO3 bc = 1,02 burning fast 12% wt. soot v = 3.9 mm / s into a large space 8% wt. MgCO ₃ there is no flame E 87% wt. KNO3 06 = 1.0 burning fast 13 % wt. soot v> 3.9 mm / ς it is not regulated high flame F 20% wt. KCIO4 oc = 1.0 it burns smoothly 50% wt. KNO3 in - 1.2 mm / s 1O% wt. soot there is no flame 20% wt. MgCO ₃ G 80% wt. KCIO4 OG = 1,02 it burns smoothly 12% wt. soot V = 3.9 mm / s fast 8% wt. MgCO ₃ there is no flame

Explanatory notes: Οζ = coefficient v = rate of combustion of the extinguishing agent

Claims (6)

PATENT CLAIMS An aerosol-forming extinguishing agent consisting of a potassium nitrate and / or potassium perchlorate oxidant, a combustible substance and additives, comprising: 65 to 80 5 wt. potassium nitrate KNO3, where appropriate potassium chlorate, KCIO4 or their mixture i, 10 to 12 > wt. hydrogen - free combustibles; and 25 to 8 2 wt. combustion speed regulator. Extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains 68 to 73 wt. potassium nitrate KNO3 or potassium perchlorate KCIO4 or mixtures thereof i, 10.5 to 11 wt. Hydrogen - free soot - type combustibles; and 21.5 to 16 wt. MgCO 3 type magnesium carbonate burning rate regulator. Extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that it preferably contains 70 wt. potassium nitrate KNO3, 10 wt. soot and 20 wt. magnesium carbonate MgCO3 · A method for producing an extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that an appropriate amount of oxidant is added to the mixing device, to which an appropriate amount of a combustion rate regulator is added, whereupon the · Φ · • • • · • • • φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ Pour 1 part of water in liters to 5 parts of the mixed mixture in kg and allow to soak thoroughly, mixing the resulting mixture to form a homogeneous wet, homogeneous mass to which an appropriate amount of anhydrous combustible material is added. Continuous stirring again yields a homogeneous wet mixture, which is processed at 18 to 23 ° C to give a final extinguishing agent, freely dried and packed in a waterproof, thin container. 5. A method for producing an extinguishing agent according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that an appropriate amount of oxidant is introduced into the mixing device, which is poured with water in a ratio of 1 part water in liters to 5 parts total mix in kg and allowed to soak. mix well, add an appropriate amount of combustion rate regulator, mix again and add a corresponding amount of anhydrous flammable material to the resulting monolithic mixture, mix thoroughly and treat the wet homogeneous mixture at 18 to 23 ° C to give a final extinguishing agent dried and packed in a waterproof, thin container. Method for the production of an extinguishing agent according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the extinguishing agent is processed to the final form, in particular by pressing into compacts having a thickness of 5 mm to 1 m, preferably to flat formations having a thickness of 20 mm.