CZ1573U1 - Fuel mixture for internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Description

Technical field

The technical solution concerns environmentally friendly fuel for internal combustion engines.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In the operation of diesel engines, diesel fuel, a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons boiling in the range of about 150 to 360 ° C, is still used as fuel. Heavy fractions may be used in different plants to reduce the cost, but this requires different design and use of refining additives to improve combustion, flow, jet removal, increase in cetane number, etc. Working with these fuels requires increased temperatures .

However, with increasing environmental improvement requirements, higher hydrocarbon fractions are increasingly constrained, resulting in higher prices and their use mainly in maritime transport.

Recently, various fuels based on vegetable oils or vegetable oil esters have been used. For example, rapeseed oil methyl ester. The advantage of these fuels is their rapid biodegradability, which can be appreciated first of all during handling, where the leakage or spillage of large quantities does not cause significant environmental pollution. In-house combustion in the engine reduces the amount of CO, NO, CH, SO ₂ emissions first, and reduces the overall engine smoke.

The disadvantage is the limited operational manipulation due to the high pour point and thus poor filterability ^'T atelností fuel. This temporarily interrupts operation at lower temperatures. Prolonged storage may result in the appearance of fine polymer fractions and further polymerization. When burning in the engine there is an unpleasant odor, which is atypical and thus unpleasant. If preheating is required for better handling and better dispersion during combustion, overall degradation can occur.

These drawbacks are solved by the use of two-composite mixtures of higher fatty acid esters and petroleum distillates, where the fuel properties are particularly improved, or mixtures of higher fatty acid esters and linear olefins, where the filterability and the freezing point or the fatty acid esters are particularly improved. alcohols, respectively. ketones. As a rule, these mixtures only improve certain properties, and in addition to fatty acid esters, linear olefins and alcohols are favorable from an ecological point of view.

The essence of the technical solution

It has been found that an environmentally friendly fuel using several components comprised of 5 - 65 wt. of petroleum distillates, 30 70% wt. esters of higher fatty acids, respectively. 5 - 65 wt. linear olefins and 0.1 - 30 wt. aliphatic alcohols have improved a much wider range of properties than fuels composed of only two components.

These multi-component fuels can be used directly or with the use of additives to further improve their properties, such as combustion, oxidation, detergent dispersion, etc.

The combination of the components according to the invention results in a motor fuel which has a significant increase in biodegradability over petroleum fuels of up to 96% in 21 days according to the international methodology CEC-L-33-T-82, reducing smoke and harmful exhaust emissions. In contrast to the use of pure esters of higher fatty acids, which are mainly used in the form of methyl esters of rapeseed oil, the specific so-called frying odor and fuel penetration into the engine oil, as well as the freezing point and filterability are significantly reduced.

As petroleum distillates, fractions obtained in the distillation of petroleum or other petrochemical hydrocarbons boiling in the range of 150 to 390 ° C, such as diesel, kerosene, gas oil and the like, preferably low-sulfur distillates, can be used.

Higher fatty acid esters which may be used are esters of aliphatic alcohols C ₁ to C ₄ and acids V _g to C ₂₂ , especially esters obtained from natural fats and oils such as rapeseed, soybean, sunflower, palm, coconut, olive, beef tallow, lard, waste fats from food preparation, preferably rapeseed oil methyl esters.

As components of the linear olefins can be used individually olefins or mixtures of Cg to _C24> preferably alpha-olefins.

As the alcohol component, aliphatic alcohols up to and mixtures thereof, preferably ethanol, methanol, can be used.

The fuel according to the present invention eliminates or reduces most of the deficiencies of one- or two-component ecological fuels and allows it to be used throughout the year without the need for further treatment of both fuel and internal combustion engines, as illustrated in the examples below.

Examples

Example 1

Multicomponent motor fuel was prepared in the composition: 20 wt. -alpha-olefin

48.9% wt .- low-sulfur petroleum distillate boiling at 150 to 390 ° C wt. - rapeseed oil methyl esters 0,01% w / w - methanol% w / w - additives.

The fuel characteristics are listed in Table 1 below.

Example 2

A multi-component motor fuel was prepared with the following composition:

64.9% wt. - mixture of olefins C ^ ₂ ~ ^c ^ g 5% wt. - gas oil% wt. - ethyl esters of rapeseed oil 0,10% wt- methanol

The fuel characteristics are listed in the following table under number 2.

Example 3

A multicompetent motor fuel was prepared with the following composition:

% wt. - mixture of alpha-olefins C ₁₂ ^{and C} 24% - MN diesel 48% wt. - methyl esters of soybean acid% wt. - methanol

The fuel characteristics are listed in Table 3 below.

Example 4

A multi-component fuel with the following composition was prepared:

% wt. - alpha-olefins C ^ ₂ to C ^ g 9.8% wt. - methyl esters of rapeseed oil 0,2% by weight - methanol.

The fuel characteristics are listed in Table 4 below.

Example 5

A multi-component fuel with the following composition was prepared:

% wt. - mixture of alpha-olefins _C12 and _C22 wt. - MN diesel 48% wt. - frying acid esters of frying waste oils 30% wt. - butanol.

The fuel characteristics are given in the following table under number 5.

Properties of multi-component ecological fuels

Ingredients:

LAO - 20%

Sulfur-free distillate - 30%

Methyl ester - 50%

1 2 3 4 5 Density at 20 ° C, kg / m ³ 820 815 i 360: 338: 825 Cet-new lab number Distillation test start, ° C 50 47 48 43 40 up to 170 ° C pres. to 369 ° C pres. 10 10 10 12 10 % vol. Kinematic viscosity 96 96 96 96 96 at 20 ° C, mm ² / sec 5.2 5.1 3.5 5.1 5.2 Filterability ° C - 10 20 - 12 -13 -12 Pour point ° C - 13 22 - 15 - 18 - 15 Dec Point of ignition Test for corrosive sulfur, 67 68 63 62 60 degree la la la la la Water content,% wt. Content of mechan. impurities 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 % wt. Condradson carbon, the rest, 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 relationship to 10% residue,% wt. 0.10 0.09 0.17 0.13 0.10 Ash,% wt. 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Acid number mgKOH / g Presence of acids and bases 0.30 0.10 0.30 0.40 0.35 water-soluble Biodegradability, nepr. nepr . nepr . nepr . nepr. % wt. after 21 days 90 96 88 94 92

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Claims (3)

Claims for protection Fuel mixture for enhanced internal combustion engines » parameters, characterized in that it contains at least 30% HN $ ďesolefinů Cg to C ^ ₂ and 0.01 esters of fatty acids, 5-65% wt ^ petroleum distillates boiling in the range 150-390 ° C, from 5 to 65 wt% (to 30% by weight of aliphatic alcohols C ^-C,, 2. The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the fatty acid ester component comprises esters of aliphatic alcohols to fatty acids C8 to _C22 , derived from vegetable oils, animal fats or waste natural oils and fats, respectively. mixtures thereof. 3. The fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the ester component comprises rapeseed acid methyl esters. The fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the olefinic component comprises pure linear alpha-olefin fractions or mixtures thereof.