SK279692B6 - Ecological fuel for ignition engines - Google Patents

Abstract

Ecological fuel for ignition engines contains 35 - 55 volume parts of methylesters of saturated and unsaturated acids with 16 - 22 carbons/molecule, preferably palmitic, stearic, oil, linoleic, linolenic, eicosanic and erucic acid of vegetable origin; 15 - 65 volume parts of aliphatic n-alkane with 10 - 20 carbons/molecule, independently or mixtures thereof; and/or 1 - 65 volume parts of aliphatic l-alkene with 8 - 18 carbons/molecule, independently or mixtures thereof; 30 volume parts of a monobasic alcohol with 4 - 6 carbons/molecule, or optional mixtures thereof; or preferably contains 65 volume parts of saturated hydrocarbon compounds, out of which 90 percent boil up to 350 degrees Celsius, marked as a middle destillation oil fraction with the total amount of sulphur up to 0.010 percent by weigth. The said ecological fuel is fully biodegradable, and exhibits and can be fully compared to known mineral fuels used for the ignition engines, usually marked as D.E.R.V. fuels.

Description

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a new generation ecological fuel, completely replacing a hydrocarbon blend commonly referred to as diesel fuel for propellant combustion, based on biodegradable constituents, in particular methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids of plant origin.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Recently, there has been a significant development in Europe and worldwide of alternative energy sources, increasingly replacing conventional fossil fuels. One of the most important activities in this respect is the research, development and production of environmentally friendly fuels for internal combustion engines based on methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids of plant origin. In our climatic conditions, one of the most important raw materials for the production of unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters is rape, sunflower or corn. The main advantages of organic fuels based on unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters include fast biodegradability, negligible sulfur content, the absence of aromatic and especially polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the flue gas, and also significantly lower flue gas smoke compared to conventional fuels. Another big advantage of organic fuels based on methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids is their practically balanced carbon balance, since there is no overproduction of CO ₂ in the whole process from organic production of original vegetable sources of unsaturated fatty acids to combustion of environmentally friendly fuel in an internal combustion engine. in terms of so-called. greenhouse effect. A significant advantage is also the contribution to the meaningful use of sowing areas in the production of biological raw materials for the production of ecological fuels.

In the Czech Republic, but also in other European countries - eg. in Germany, France, Austria and other countries, the main raw materials for the production of organic fuels are the methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids found in rapeseed oil. However, the fuels used for combustion engines based on methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids have not yet reached the technical parameters so that they can be used widely as a full substitute for conventional fuels. The main disadvantages of organic fuels based on methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids of plant origin include high specific weight, higher acid value (negatively affects fuel system components), only seasonal use due to relatively high filtering temperature and especially reduced engine performance. These disadvantages limit the current possibilities of using these ecological fuels only as a fuel for agricultural technology. For example, in CZ utility model no. 1573 mentioned such a fuel mixture for combustion engines, comprising a combination of four components of fatty acid esters, petroleum distillates, boiling in the range 150-390 ° C, olefins, _C to C ₂₄ fatty alcohols and C, to C _4.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The solution according to the invention consists in eliminating the described disadvantages of current ecological fuels for internal combustion engines based on methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids of plant origin, especially in terms of performance parameters, while maintaining all the positive properties of ecological fuels, especially biodegradability, low sulfur content and favorable flue gas composition. The resulting product fully meets the quality requirements for NM 22B internal combustion engines according to the relevant standards (ČSN 65 6506, PND 82-005-87). SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides an environmentally friendly internal combustion engine fuel comprising 35 to 55 parts by volume of methyl esters of unsaturated and saturated acids having a carbon number of 16 to 22, in particular palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, eicosanoic and erucous plant origin. parts by weight of an aliphatic n-alkane of 10 to 20 carbon atoms per molecule, individually or a mixture thereof, and / or 1 to 65 parts by volume of an aliphatic 1-alkene of 8 to 18 carbon atoms per molecule, individually or a mixture thereof. The term "individually or mixtures thereof" means that said aliphatic n-alkanes, respectively. the aliphatic 1-alkenes can be used individually or as mixtures. Mixed aliphatic n-alkanes as well as mixed aliphatic 1-alkenes are commercially available products on the domestic and foreign markets.

The organic fuel preferably further comprises up to 30 parts by volume of a monohydric alcohol having from 4 to 6 carbon atoms per molecule or any mixture thereof.

The organic fuel further preferably contains up to 65 parts by volume of a saturated hydrocarbon mixture, of which 90% boils up to 350 ° C, referred to as the middle distillate oil fraction, with a total sulfur content of no more than 0.010 weight percent.

By methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids of plant origin we mean a mixture of organic substances which is produced by re-esterification of vegetable oils, especially rapeseed oil, which contains, in addition to unsaturated fatty acids, also saturated acids. This mixture has a specific gravity of 850 to 890 kg / m ³ , a flash point of PM 120 to 170 ° C, a viscosity of 6 to 9 mPa.s at 20 ° C, a distillation start according to ASTM D86 of 250 to 330 ° C, a distillation end of 350 to 370 ° C.

Ecological fuel for internal combustion engines is created by simply mixing the components in any order. Homogenization of the mixture is achieved by hydrodynamically mixing the individual components during dosing, or by mixing the resulting mixture. The resulting product is a homogeneous clear liquid of a yellowish to reddish color, the intensity of coloring depends on the content of the individual components in the mixture. The resulting product is unlimitedly miscible with conventional fuels for all types of internal combustion engines.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

To illustrate the invention in more detail, the following table illustrates exemplary embodiments of several model samples, the amounts of each component being given in parts by volume:

Name of the sample A B C D E F G Composition of the mixture in parts by volume of individual components Unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters of vegetable origin 35 40 35 35 55 35 35 Mixture of aliphatic n-alkanes C 1 ₀ -C ₂₀ 15 0 45 36 20 65 0 The mixture of aliphatic 1-olefins _C8-1B 1 30 20 14 5 0 65 C ₄ -C ₆ monohydric alcohol mixture 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Straight middle oil distillation fraction 49 30 0 15 20 0 0

The following table compares the basic qualitative parameters of conventional fuel for internal combustion engines NM 22B (ČSN 65 6506, PND 82-005-87) with examples of implementation B, C and D (model samples) of ecological fuel:

Name of the sample MN22B B C D Specific gravity at 20 ° C kg / ητ ' 805-835 833.6 805.1 811.1 Cetane index (lab.) min. 42 55.7 60.4 60.3 Distillation test distilled to 170 ° C max. 15 3 3 3 distilled to 350 ° C min. 90 99 99 99 Viscosity at 20 ° C MM7S 25 - 6.0 4.13 3.2 3.42 Paraffin exclusion temperature ° C max. -16 -22 -16 Pour point ° C max. -22 -24 -28 -28 Flash point PM ‘° C min. 56 62 62 61 Sulfur content wt. max. 0.15 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Water content% wt. max. tracks tracks tracks tracks % Moss, impurities% wt. max. 0,005 tracks tracks tracks Conradson. carbon. Vol. 10% vol. % wt. max. 0.1 0.01 0, 01 0.01 Acid number m KOH / g max. 0.1 0.08 0.01 0.02 Calorific value ² kj / kg 42 500 41 621 42 341 41 935

'A flash point of min. 56 ° C informative value

From the results of the analyzes it is clear that all (exemplary embodiments) model samples fully meet the prescribed quality requirements for fuel for internal combustion engines, moreover in some parameters significantly exceed the requirements for classic diesel fuel NM 22B (ČSN 65 6506, PND 82-005- 87). These are in particular the values of sulfur content, cetane index, Conradson carbonization residue, but also the acid value and especially the freezing point. These properties predetermine eco-friendly fuel for a very wide range of industrial applications throughout the year under normal climatic conditions, ie in winter, eco-friendly fuel is able to operate without further treatment up to about -25 ° C. In addition to improving the physicochemical properties of the fuel composition, the fuel composition of the invention provides an improvement in the emissions of CO, NO _X , soot in the exhaust gas when operating a motor vehicle compared to conventional diesel.

Industrial usability

Ecological fuel is intended primarily as a full-year replacement of diesel fuel, especially where the use of conventional fuels for internal combustion engines threatens to seriously damage the environment, eg. sanitary protection zones of drinking water resources, protected landscape areas and national parks, agricultural production, forestry, etc. Being a fully-fledged substitute for diesel fuel with significantly better flue gas composition, especially in terms of aromatic hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and sulfur oxides, it is directly available for use in the incendiary engines of public transport buses, especially in large conurbations and industrial centers.

Claims (3)

1. Organic fuel for internal combustion engines based on methyl esters of fatty acids of plant origin, characterized in that it contains 35 to 55 parts by volume of methyl esters of unsaturated and saturated acids having a carbon number of 16 to 22, in particular palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, of linolenic, eicosan and erucous plant origin, 15 to 65 parts by volume of an aliphatic n-alkane of 10 to 20 carbon atoms per molecule, individually or a mixture thereof, and / or 1 to 65 parts by volume of an aliphatic 1-alkene of 8 to 18 atoms of carbon per molecule, individually or mixtures thereof. The organic fuel of claim 1 further comprising up to 30 parts by volume of a monohydric alcohol having from 4 to 6 carbon atoms per molecule or any mixture thereof. An organic fuel as claimed in claim 1 or 2 further comprising up to 65 parts by volume of a saturated hydrocarbon mixture of which 90% boils to 350 ° C, referred to as the middle distillate oil fraction, with a total sulfur content of not more than 0.010 weight percent.