CZ2193U1 - Environment-friendly fuel named BIOPAL 22 for compression ignition engines - Google Patents

Description

Recently, there has been a significant development in Europe and around the world of alternative energy sources to increasingly replace conventional fossil fuels. One of the most important activities in this direction is the research, development and production of ecological fuels for diesel engines based on unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters of vegetable origin. In our climatic conditions, one of the most important raw materials for the production of unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters is rape, sunflower or corn. The main advantages of organic fuels based on unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters include fast biodegradability, negligible sulfur, the absence of aromatic and especially polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the flue gas, and also significantly lower flue gas smoke compared to conventional fuels. Another big advantage of organic fuels based on unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters is their practically balanced carbon balance, with no overproduction of CO in the entire process from organic production of the original vegetable sources of unsaturated fatty acids to the burning of ecological fuel in a diesel engine. in terms of the so-called greenhouse effect. A significant advantage is also the benefit for the meaningful use of sowing areas in the production of biological raw materials for the production of ecological fuels.

In the Czech Republic, but also in other European countries - eg Germany, France, Austria, etc., the main raw materials for the production of ecological fuels are unsaturated methyl esters of engines based on unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters. broadly as a full-fledged replacement of conventional fuels. The main disadvantages of organic fuels based on unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters of vegetable origin include high specific gravity, higher acid value (negatively affects fuel system components), only seasonal use due to relatively high filtering temperature and especially reduced engine power. These disadvantages limit the current possibilities of using these ecological fuels only as fuel for agricultural technology

The principle consists in eliminating the above-described disadvantages of the current ecological fuels for diesel engines based on unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters of plant origin, in particular in terms of performance, while maintaining all the positive properties of ecological fuels, in particular biodegradability, low content. sulfur and favorable

BIOPAL 22 eco-friendly fuel for diesel engines. The resulting product fully meets the quality requirements for KM 22B diesel fuels according to applicable standards ¹ .

The subject of the present invention is an organic fuel BIOPAL 22 consisting of a mixture of the following components:

| Folder name Volume representation 1 [Methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids of vegetable origin min. 20% vol [Mixture of aliphatic C n-alkanes, _for -C, _o max 80% vol Mixture of aliphatic 1-alkenes C 1 -C 8 _g max. 80% vol [Mixture of monohydric C ₄ -C ₆ alcohols max. 50% vol iThe medium distillation fraction of oil is not collected max 80% vol

The eco-friendly BIOPAL 22 diesel engine is created by simply mixing the components in any order. Homogenization of the mixture is achieved by hydrodynamic mixing of the individual components during dosing, or by mixing the resulting mixture. The final product is a homogeneous clear liquid of a yellowish to reddish color, the color intensity depends on the content of the individual components in the mixture. The final product BIOPAL 22 is unlimited miscibility with conventional fuels for all types of diesel engines.

For a more detailed explanation of the subject, the following table shows examples of the composition of several model samples, supplemented by a comparison of the parameters of individual products with fuel for NM 22B ¹ diesel engines:

[Sample name AND (B) C Composition of the mixture in percent by volume of the individual components: Methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids of vegetable origin 45% 40% 35% 35% [Mixture of aliphatic N-alkanůC _w -C? - 45% 36% (mixture of aliphatic 1-alkenes 0, -0 10% 30% 20% 14% jSmés monohydric alcohols _with C ₄ -C 30% It does not collect medium distillates of crude oil 15% 30% - 15%

For clarity, the composition of individual model samples is also expressed graphically on the attached graph / ”4)>

ČSN Ó5 6506. PND 82-005-87

Ecological fuel BIOPAL 22 for diesel engines

The following table compares the basic qualitative parameters of conventional fuel for 'NM 22B ¹ ' diesel engines with the BIOPAL 22 eco fuel samples:

i Sample name NM 22B ¹ AND (B) C D Specific gravity at 20 ° C to $ / m ’ S05-S35 834.9 833.6 805.1 811.1 Cetane index (lab.) min 42 50.2 55.7 60.4 60.3 Desovacíni zkouška: - distils up to 17 ° C max 15 Dec 15 Dec 3 3 ³ j - distils up to 35 ° C min 90 99 99 99 99 Viscosity at 20 ° C γτγπ'Λ 2.5-6.0 4.51 4.13 3.2 3.42 Temperature excreted, paraffin "C max, -16 -16 -16 Freezing point "C max. -22 -26 -24 -28 -28 Flash point PM ¹ "C mm 56 58 62 62 61 Sulfur content % wt. max. 0.15 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Water content % wt. max. tracks tracks tracks tracks tracks Content of mechan. impurities % wt. max. 0.005 tracks tracks tracks tracks Conradson carbonization % wt. max. 0.1 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 10% residue Acid number mgKOH / g max. 0.1 0.10 0.08 0.01 0.02 Calorific value kJácg 42 500 41 433 41 621 42 341 41 935

A flash point of min. 56 ° C Value informative

From the results of the analyzes summarized in the table, it is clear that all model samples fully meet the prescribed quality requirements for diesel fuel, and in some parameters significantly exceeds the requirements for NM 22B ¹ diesel. These are mainly sulfur content, cetane index, Conradson carbonization residue 10% residue, but also acidity numbers and especially freezing point. These properties predetermine the BIOPAL 22 eco-fuel to a very wide range of industrial applications throughout the year under usual climatic conditions, ie in winter the BIOPAL 22 eco-fuel is able to operate without further modifications up to about -25 ° C.

The BIOPAL 22 eco-fuel is primarily intended as a full-year replacement of diesel fuel, especially where the use of conventional fuels for diesel engines threatens to seriously damage the environment, such as sanitary protection zones for drinking water sources. protected landscape areas and National parks, agricultural production, forestry, etc. Thanks to. that it is a fully-fledged substitute for diesel fuel with significantly better flue gas composition, especially in terms of aromatic hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and sulfur oxides, there is a direct possibility of using BIOPAL 22 for diesel engines in public transport buses mainly in large conurbations and industrial centers .

Claims (3)

1. An organic fuel BIOPAL 22, characterized in that, in addition to the unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters of vegetable origin, it contains not more than 80% by volume of an aliphatic n-alkane of 10 to 20 carbon atoms per molecule of the individual component or any mixture thereof and / 1-alkene having eight to eighteen carbon atoms per molecule of the individual component or any mixture thereof The organic fuel BIOPAL 22 according to claim 1, further comprising up to a maximum of 50 volume percent of a monohydric alcohol having four to six carbon atoms per molecule or any mixture thereof. Organic fuel BIOPAL 22 according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it further comprises up to a maximum of 80% by volume of a medium distillation fraction of crude oil with a total sulfur content of at most 0.005% by weight.