CS276481B6 - Liquid surfactant mixture - Google Patents

Abstract

Reduced viscosity liquid surfactant composition containing 5 to 40 parts by weight of an alkyl sulfate of formula (I) wherein R is alkyl of 8 to 14 carbon atoms, 5 to 40 parts of sulfosuccinate of formula (II) wherein R is etalamide and / or C 3 -C 20 fatty acid isopropanolamide of the parent acid molecule, R 2 is R 1, and / or Me and 0.1 to 5 parts of the Me salt of maleic and / or sulfosuccinic acid, where the Me cation is an alkali metal, magnesium , ammonium, or cation of ethanolamine. The viscosity of the liquid composition can be reduced by the addition of 0.1 to 5 parts of hydrotropic substances of the type C 1 -C 3 alcohol and / or the aromatic sulfocyanate salts such as toluenesulfonic, xylenesulfonic, ethylbenzenesulfonic and / or cumonsulfonic.

Description

The invention relates to a liquid mixture based on gulfosuccinates and alkyl sulfates.

Sulfoesters of butanedioic acid, commonly referred to as sulfosuccinates, have a prominent position among surfactants. Their application properties are largely a function of the chain bound to the carboxyl groups. One or both carboxyls are most often esterified with fatty alcohols or their oxystylated derivatives - alkyl polyglycol ethers. The number of carbons in the alkyl of the esterifying substances and the degree of esterification of the carboxyls determine their use as wetting agents, detergents and cleaning agents, and as surfactants for personal hygiene. For some applications, sulfosuccinic acid esters based on acylalkanolamides are preferred. These are prepared by the condensation of natural fatty acids with alkanolamines such as mono- and di-ethanolamine or isopropanolamine. Their use mainly benefits from very good washing properties, synergistic effect in combination with other surfactants, and advantageous dermatological effects.

The main disadvantage of sulfosuccinates based on acylalkanolamides is their theological properties. If alkanolamides prepared from unsaturated fatty acids are used for esterification, it is possible to prepare surfactants that are liquid at ordinary temperatures even at concentrations above 30%. However, with unsaturated acids, these are always either inhomogeneous dispersions or pasty products.

The application properties of sulfosuccinates prepared from acylalkanolamides based on saturated fatty acids are usually better than when using unsaturated fatty acids. For some applications, the use of unsaturated fatty acids is even practically impossible. This is especially true when formulating carpet foams. Sulfosuccinates prepared from acylalkanolamides of saturated fatty acids (capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, or their natural mixtures, such as those prepared e.g. from coconut fat) are characterized by high detergency. However, in contrast to unsaturated acids, they form a solid and non-sticky solid that easily disintegrates after drying. Thorough vacuuming of the dried foam residues with a vacuum cleaner reduces the dirtiness of carpets after cleaning.

Improving the rheological properties of sufficiently concentrated sulfosuccinate solutions is solved by adding organic solvents, hydrotropic agents or glycols. This increases raw material costs, but can also lead to a deterioration in application properties. Sulfosuccinate mixtures based on acylalkanolamides and fatty alcohols also have a more viscous dry matter. These mixtures prepared with a slight excess of maleic or sulfosuccinic acid salts have very good rheological properties, but some of their applications may have the above-mentioned shortcomings. .

The above disadvantages are solved by a liquid mixture of surfactants, which contains by weight: 5 to 40 parts of alkyl sulfate of the general formula

R - O - SO ₃ MsI where R is an alkyl with 8 to 14 carbon atoms in the chain, 5 to 40 parts of sulfosuccinates of the general formula

H ₂ C - COORj

H-C - COOR,II

I SO_Ms tw· · where R^ is the residue of the octanolamide and/or isopropanolamide of the fatty acid and 8 to 20 carbon atoms in the molecule of the starting acid, ^R 2 ^R 1 °/ ^{ηθΐ30 Μθ and}

EN 276 481 B6

0.1 to 5 parts Me salt of maleic acid and/or sulfosuccinic acid,

Me is an alkali metal cation, magnesium, ammonium, or ethanolamine cation.

The addition of 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of an alcohol with 1 to 3 carbon atoms or salts of aromatic sulfonic acids such as toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene or cumenesulfonic acids will further reduce the viscosity and cloud point temperature of the described surfactant mixture.

For most applications in washing and cleaning detergents, personal hygiene products or carpet foams, the synergistic effect of sulfosuccinates and alkyl sulfates is used. By appropriately choosing the ratio of sulfosuccinates to alkyl sulfate, it is then possible to prepare their liquid mixture, which retains optimal application properties while significantly improving the handling and storage of surfactants based on sulfosuccinates prepared from fatty acid alkanolamides. In addition to reducing energy costs for pumping, improving the accuracy of dosing a homogeneous mixture of a dividing dispersion, the liquid mixture according to the invention also reduces storage costs.

Example 1

The reaction of maleic anhydride with lauric acid monoethanolamide at a 5% molar excess of maleic anhydride produced 18 parts by weight of maleic acid monoester. After neutralization with dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and sulfitation by addition of solid sodium bisulfite, 24 parts by weight of the disodium salt of monoester of sulfosuccinic acid with laurylethanolamide with an aqueous solution concentration of 35% were obtained. The product itself is clear and liquid up to a temperature of 30 °C, after the temperature drops below 30 °C it becomes cloudy and a non-homogeneous dispersion gradually forms.

After mixing with 24 parts by weight of sodium dacyl sulfate in an aqueous solution with a concentration of 35%, the cloud point decreased to -4 ^D C. The viscosity of the homogeneous product was 1500 mPa.s. By adding 4% ethanol, the viscosity decreased to 150 mPa*e*. The decrease in viscosity was reflected in the reduction of energy costs both for dosing into operating reactors and for heating the tanks and the sample before the dosing device.

The uniformity of dosing was also evaluated. In the standard procedure, a dispersion of sulfosuccinates and especially liquid alkyl sulfate is dosed. The dispersion in the standard procedure was 75% greater than in the dosing of the liquid mixture according to the invention.

Example 2

A mixture of mono- and diesters of sulfosuccinic acid esterified with isopropanolamide of coconut fatty acids was prepared according to the procedure of Example 1, in which the individual components were represented as follows:

acid acid kapron kypryl ^C 6 ........................ c„ ........................ ^Ίp / 9% acid caprine a ¹ ' ^{1 1 J} ................. c,_ ....................... 7% acid laurel ugh..... C,"....................... 45% acid myristic lij ^{J 1 1 1 1} : - ; ^{1 11 C} 14 ........................ 13% acid palmitic c,„ ...................... 10% sour starnva lu ^{1 1 1} ....... C,„ ....................... 1% unsaturated, especially C^ _with and its ^{1 C} 18........................ •Y/N

Immediately after the reaction in a slight excess of maleic anhydride at a temperature of 50 °C, parts by weight* of sulfosuccinic acid esters in an aqueous solution of 30% concentration with 2 parts by weight of the trisodium salt of sulfosuccinic acid were mixed with

CS 276 481 B6 parts by weight of sodium dodecyl sulfate in an aqueous solution with a concentration of 35%.

The original sulfosuccinate formed an inhomogeneous dispersion with a cloud point of 32 °C. The resulting mixture had a cloud point of 0 °C. The homogeneous mixture allowed storage without heating and the resulting detergent had 20% less dispersion of active ingredients compared to the usual gradual dosing of both surfactants.

The viscosity of the homogeneous mixture of both surfactants was 3500 mPa.s. By adding 3 parts by weight of the potassium salt of cumenesulfonic acid, the viscosity decreased to 450 mPa.s.

Example 3

By reacting maleic anhydride with a mixture of 95% lauric acid monoethanolamide, 4.5% lauric acid distanolamide and 0.5% triethanolamine salt, 25 parts by weight of maleic acid mono- and diesters were prepared. The prepared ester was gradually added to an aqueous solution of potassium sulfite, resulting in 36 parts by weight of the respective concentrations of sulfosuccinic acid in an aqueous dispersion with a surfactant concentration of 30%. The cloud point temperature under these conditions is 31 °C and the product forms a separating mixture.

After mixing with 50 parts by weight of a mixture of octyl to dodecyl ammonium sulfate in an aqueous solution with a concentration of 35%, the cloud point temperature dropped to 10 °C. The viscosity of the homogeneous liquid with a concentration of surfactants was 3800 mPa.s. By adding 5 parts by weight of monopropylene glycol to the entire amount of the original mixture, the viscosity dropped to 600 mPa.s. and the cloud point temperature decreased to 0 °C.

Example 4

According to the procedure of Example 1, a mixture of mono and diesters of sulfosuccinic acid esterified with palm oil monoethanolamide was prepared with the following composition:

caprylic acid Cg .......................... 3.5% capric acid Cj _Q ....... 3.5% lauric acid C^ ₂ 45.0% myristic acid C^ ₄ 15.0% palmitic acid C^g .......................... 7.1% stoaric acid Ο^θ 2.3% oleic acid Ο^θ 19.0% other unsaturated acids ··.·

The resulting mixture had a cloud point of -5 °C. Due to the non-Newtonian nature of the original sulfosuccinate, it was only possible to approximately determine its viscosity of 3 Pa.s. The resulting homogeneous mixture had a viscosity of 1.2 Pa.e.

Claims (1)

PATENT CLAIMS Liquid mixture of surfactants with reduced viscosity, characterized in that it contains: 5 to 40 parts by weight of alkyl sulphate of the general formula J> CS 276 481 B6 4 R - O - SO, Ma I, where R is alkyl with 8 to 14 carbon atoms in the chain, 5 to 40 parts of sulfane of the general formula H _o - C - COOR. AND H- C - COOR „II, I S0 ₃ Me where R | is an atanolamide and / or isopropanolamide residue of a fatty acid having 8 to 20 carbon atoms in the starting acid molecule, ^R 2 3® ^R 1 ^and / ^or ®b ° ^M ® ^and 0.1 to 5 parts of Me salts of maleic and / or sulphosuccinic acid, Ma is an alkali metal, magnesium, ammonium or ethanolamine cation, the mixture optionally containing 0.1 to 5 parts of alcohol-type hydrotropes having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and / or Me salts of aromatic sulphonic acids such as toluenesulfonic, xylenesulfonic, ethylbenzenesulfonic and / or cumene sulfone.