CS271504B1

CS271504B1 - Chuck

Info

Publication number: CS271504B1
Application number: CS867103A
Authority: CS
Inventors: Imrich Ing Toth
Original assignee: Toth Imrich
Priority date: 1986-10-02
Filing date: 1986-10-02
Publication date: 1990-10-12
Also published as: CS710386A1

Abstract

The solution applies to a chucking device, where it is important to reduce the clamp centrifugal force influence on the clamping forces decrease in the rotating chucking device. The principle of the solution consists of the fact that in the pair, consisting of a body (110) and chuck jaw (120) of the chucking device (100), there is at least one axial floating blocker (123) arranged transversally on the moving axis (124) of the chuck jaw (120) and engaged with the second of them and also with the object (200) clamped between the chucking surfaces (121a) of the chuck jaws (120). By means of the chucking device (100), via a simple arrangement, the bond of the jaw (120) is secured to the object (200), thus decreasing the influence of centrifugal forces on the clamping forces and at the same time, the automatic increase of these forces, when they fall under the level necessary to transfer the forces and moments affecting the clamped object (200).<IMAGE>

Description

Predmetom vynálezu je skíučovadlo, kde sa rieši zníŽenie vplyvu odstredivej sily čeluste na upínaciu silu.It is an object of the present invention to provide a chuck in which the effect of reducing the centrifugal force of the jaw on the clamping force is solved.

U doteraz známých sklučovadiel sa čeíustou v radiálnom smere realizuje upínacia sila na povrchu obrobku, ktorá sa však pri rotácii vplyvom odstředivých sil Čeíustí znižuje. Sú známe riešenia, kde Čeíust skíučovadla je kinematicky přepojená s protizávažím, ktoré eliminuje odstředivá silu čeíuste dostředivým pósobením na Čeíust. Tieto riešenia však znižujú tuhost skíučovadla, predlžujú jeho teleso a naviac zatažujú už i tak zoslabené teleso skíučovadla zachytáváním odstředivých sil závažia i čeíuste.In the prior art chucks, the clamping force on the workpiece surface is realized in the radial direction by the jaw, which, however, decreases when rotated by the centrifugal forces of the jaws. There are known solutions where the chuck of the chuck is kinematically coupled to a counterweight that eliminates the centrifugal force of the jaw by centrifugal action on the chuck. These solutions, however, reduce the stiffness of the chuck, extend its body, and additionally load the already weakened chuck body by absorbing the centrifugal forces of both the weight and the jaw.

Sú známe riešenia, kde odstředivá sila čeíustí je zachytávaná i upínaným predmetom, pričom však samotné teleso skíučovadla prispieva к znižovaniu vplyvu odstředivých síl čeíustí len pomermi v radiálnom klopnom vedení čeíustí.There are known solutions where the centrifugal force of the jaws is also absorbed by the clamped object, but the chuck body itself contributes to reducing the influence of the centrifugal forces of the jaws only by ratios in the radial tilting guide of the jaws.

Uvedené nevýhody zmierňuje skíučovadlo podlá vynálezu, ktorého podstatou je, že v jednom z dvojice, pozostávajúcej z telesa a čeíuste skíučovadla, je pohyblivo uložený aspoň jeden axiálny blokovač, usporiadaný priečne na pohybová os čeíuste a je v zábere s druhým z nich a jednak s predmetom upnutým medzi upínacími povrchmi čeíusti.The above-mentioned disadvantages are alleviated by a chuck according to the invention, characterized in that at least one axial blocker is movably mounted in one of the chuck body and the jaw member and is arranged transversely to the jaw movement axis and engages the other member and the object clamped between the clamping surfaces of the jaws.

Skíučovadlom podía vynálezu sa jednoduchou úpravou jeho čeíustí, respektive telesa, zabezpečí radiálně blokovanie čeíuste voči obrobku i samotnému telesu a to priamo po jeho čiastočnom alebo úplnom radiálnom upnutí a to bud vnášením krútiaceho momentu do obrobku, například pri upínaní v dvojvretenovom sústruhu a proti sebe stojacími skíučovadlami, kde v procese upínania je obrobok uchytený v obidvoch súčasne a sú natáčané proti sebe, připadne relativným axiálnym posunutím obrobku a blokovača čeíuste. К blokovaniu čeíuste voči obrobku i telesu sa například u zvislých sústruhov mdže využit i tiež samotného obrobku. Naviac pri blokovaní čeíuste voči obrobku i telesu skíučovadla sa súčasne může zvýšit i predpatie medzi upínacím povrchom čeíuste a vonkajším povrchom obrobku.With the chuck according to the invention, by simply modifying its jaws or body, radial blocking of the jaws against the workpiece and the body itself is ensured directly after its partial or complete radial clamping, either by applying torque to the workpiece, for example when clamping in a double-spindle lathe and against each other chucks in which, in the clamping process, the workpiece is held in both at the same time and rotated against each other, possibly by relative axial displacement of the workpiece and the jawblock. For example, in vertical lathes, the workpiece itself can also be used to block the jaw against the workpiece and the body. In addition, in blocking the jaw relative to the workpiece and the chuck body, the pre-tension between the jaw clamping surface and the outer surface of the workpiece can also be increased.

Zmieneným blokováním čeíuste voči obrobku a telesu skíučovadla sa pri rotácii skíučovadla ovplyvní tuhost odstředivou silou, přídavné zatažovaných prvkov obrobkom a ešte naviac oproti súčasným rieŠeniam i samotným telesom skíučovadla.Said blocking of the jaw relative to the workpiece and the chuck body will affect the stiffness by centrifugal force, the additional elements to be loaded by the workpiece and, in addition to the current solutions, the chuck bodies themselves as the chuck rotates.

Skíučovadlo sa stane menej citlivým na pokles upínacích síl vplyvom odstředivých síl čeíustí, lebo Čeíust skíučovadla može tažšie odchádzat v radiálnom smere od obrobku. Súčasne je čeíust к obrobku priklápaná, čím sa móže eliminovat odklápanie čeíustí od obrobku odstředivou silou, pósobiacou před klopným vedením čeíuste v telese skíučovadla a od vonkajŠích síl i momentov síl p^sobiacich na upnutý predmet pri obrábaní. V případe zníženia predpátia medzi upínacím povrchom čeíuste a vonkajším povrchom upínaného předmětu pod úroveň potřebná к přenosu požadovaného krútiaceho i klopného momentu síl pósobiacich pri obrábaní je nielen blokovanie automaticky zváčšované, ale súčasne i upínacia sila.The chuck becomes less susceptible to a drop in clamping forces due to the centrifugal forces of the jaws, as the chuck of the chuck may be more difficult to move away from the workpiece in the radial direction. At the same time, the jaw is tilted to the workpiece, thereby eliminating the tilting of the jaws from the workpiece by the centrifugal force exerted before the jaw tip in the chuck body and from external forces and moments of force acting on the workpiece during machining. If the prestressing between the clamping surface of the jaw and the outer surface of the clamping object decreases below the level necessary to transmit the required torque and tilting moment of the forces acting during machining, not only the blocking is automatically increased but also the clamping force.

Na pripojenom výkrese sú znázorněné příklady prevedenia sklučovadiel podlá vynálezu, kde na obr. 1 je čiastočný radiálny rez skíučovadlom v miestach jeho čeíustí. Na obr. 2 je iný příklad skíučovadla podía vynálezu v čiastočnom tangenciálnom řeze cez jeho čeíuste a na obr. 3 další příklad prevedenia skíučovadla tiež v čiastočnom radiálnom řeze v miestach jeho Čeíustí.In the accompanying drawing, examples of embodiments of chucks according to the invention are shown. 1 is a partial radial cross-section of the chuck at its jaw locations. In FIG. 2 is another example of a chuck according to the invention in a partial tangential section through its jaws; and FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the chuck also in a partial radial section at the locations of its chuck.

Hlavnými Častami skíučovadla 100 podía vynálezu sú: teleso 110, v ktorom sú‘ známým sposobom radiálně vedené Čeíuste 120 a axiálny blokovač 123. Na čeíusti 120 je vytvořený upínací povrch 121a výhodné tvaru závitu, připadne šikmé zúbkovanie. Upínací povrch 121a je výhodné previest na medzivložke 121, ktorá je voči rovině kolmej na pohybová os 124 čeíuste 120 usporiadaná šikmo pohyblivo, například po známej šikméj ploché.The main parts of the chuck 100 according to the invention are: a body 110 in which the jaws 120 and the axial blocker 123 are guided in a known manner. A clamping surface 121a of advantageous thread shape or an inclined serration is formed on the jaw 120. The clamping surface 121a is preferably disposed on an intermediate liner 121, which is arranged obliquely movable relative to a plane perpendicular to the movement axis 124 of the jaw 120, for example over a known oblique flat.

V čeíusti 120, připadne tělese 110 je presuvne zalicovaný axiálny blokovač 123 usporiadaný priečne na pohybová os 124 čeíuste 120. Blokovač 123 je svojim žádným koncom 123a prisposobený pre styk so známým vybráním 113 vytvořeným v telese 110 pre čeíust 120, připadne s bočnou plochou 125 čeíuste 120.In the jaw 120 or body 110, an axially locked axially locked 123 is disposed transversely to the movement axis 124 of the jaw 120. Its lock 123 is adapted to contact with its known recess 113 formed in the jaw body 110, respectively with the side surface 125 of the jaw 120. 120th

CS 271 504 B1CS 271 504 B1

Miesta styku je výhodné opatřit například zdrsněním s cielom zvýšenia súčiniteía trenia, připadne previest zadný koniec 123a ako ostrý hrot alebo ostrú hranu. Predný koniec 123b blokovača 123 je upravený s niektorými zo známých sposobov, například ako ostrý hrot pre styk s čelom 210 predmetu 200. Činnost skíučovadla 100 pri upínaní a následnom blokovaní poklesu upínacích sil vplyvom odstředivých sil F&? čeíustí 120 je následovně: Po upnutí predmetu 200 čelustami 120 skíučovadla známými kinematickými retazcami sa vnesie krútiaci moment Mk do predmetu například nástrojom. Přitom sa predmet 200 voČi čelusti 120 relativné posunie. Je to umožněné vytvarováním upínacieho povrchu 121a čeíuste 120 ako známej závitovéj plochy s takým zmyslom stúpania, aby sa pri posobení krútiaceho momentu Mk čelo 210 predmetu 200 dostalo do silového záběru s predným koncom 123b axiálneho blokovača 123, ktorý sa do tohto čela 210 vtlačí.It is advantageous to provide the contact points with a roughening, for example, in order to increase the coefficient of friction, or to translate the rear end 123a as a sharp point or a sharp edge. The front end 123b of the blocker 123 is provided with some of the known methods, for example, as a sharp point for contacting the face 210 of the object 200. The chuck 100's operation in clamping and subsequently blocking the drop in clamping forces due to centrifugal forces F? The jaws 120 are as follows: After clamping the object 200 with chuck jaws 120 by known kinematic chains, a torque Mk is applied to the object, for example, by a tool. In this case, the object 200 is displaced relative to the jaw 120. This is made possible by shaping the gripping surface 121a of the jaw 120 as a known threaded surface with a sense of inclination such that when subjected to the torque Mk, the face 210 of the object 200 comes into force engagement with the front end 123b of the axial locker 123.

Súčasne je axiálny blokovač 123 přitlačený svojim žádným koncom 123a i do silového záběru s vybráním 113 telesa 110 ako je to vidiet na obr. 1, alebo o bočnú plochu 125 čeíuste 120 ako je to vidiet na obr. 2, a to v smere šípok a a čelust 120 momentom Mp pritláČaná к predmetu 2Q0. Tento silový záběr može byt uskutočnený po upnutí predmetu 200 i dotláčacím prostriedčm * 111, uloženým pohyblivo, například v telese 110 skíučovadla 100 a ovládaný s niektorým zo známých spósobov_z například samosvornou skrutkou a jeho posunutím v smere šípky b. Pretože axiálny blokovač 123 je uložený v samotnej čeíusti 120 posuvné a to priečne na jej pohybová os 124_z po blokovaní, radiálnemu pohybu čeíuste 120 v telese 110 bráni trenie, respektive tvarový styk v miestach styku axiálneho blokovača 123 s vybráním 113 telesa 110 a s čelom 210 predmetu 200. Preto predpátie v mieste styku upínacieho povrchu 121a Čeíuste 120 s vonkajším povrchom 220 predmetu 200 vplyvom otáČok skíučovadla može tažšie klesat. Naviac v případe akéhokoívek zníženia tohto predpátia pod úroveň potrebnú к přenosu vonkajších sil a momentov sil posobiacich na predmet 200 toto predpátie sa tu popísáným spSsobom automaticky zváčší na povodnú úroveň.At the same time, the axial lock 123 is pressed by its no end 123a even into force engagement with the recess 113 of the body 110 as seen in FIG. 1, or the side surface 125 of the jaw 120 as seen in FIG. 2, in the direction of the arrows and the jaw 120, by the moment Mp pressed against the object 2Q0. The power-up can be carried out by clamping the article 200 and 111 * prostriedčm The take-up, mounted movably, for example, the body 110 skíučovadla 100 and operated in any standard _of, for example, self-locking screw, and by sliding in the direction of arrow b. Since the axial lock 123 is displaceable in the jaw 120 itself transversely to its movement axis 124 _z after locking, the radial movement of the jaw 120 in the body 110 is prevented by frictional or positive contact at the points of contact of the axial locker 123 with the recess 113 of the body 110 and front 210 Therefore, the biasing at the point of contact of the clamping surface 121a of the jaw 120 with the outer surface 220 of the article 200 due to the speed of the chuck may decrease more difficult. In addition, in the event of any reduction of this prestress below the level necessary to transmit the external forces and moments of forces imparting to the object 200, this prestress is automatically increased to the flood level described herein.

V případe, ked upínací povrch 121a bude převedený na medzivložke 121, usporiadanej šikmo pohyblivo voČi rovině.kolméj na pohybovú os 124 čeíuste 120, pričom súčiniteí trenia medzi touto medzivložkou 121 a predmetom 200 bude vačší ako medzi touto medzivložkou 121 a čeíustou 120, akékoívek posunutie predmetu 200 vplyvom vonkajších sil a momentov sposobí vzrast tohto predpátia, čím sa zvýši bezpečnost upnutia.In the case where the clamping surface 121a is transferred to the intermediate lining 121 arranged obliquely movable in a plane perpendicular to the movement axis 124 of the jaw 120, the coefficient of friction between this intermediate lining 121 and the object 200 will be greater than any between this intermediate lining 121 and the jaw 120. of the object 200 due to external forces and moments causes an increase in this prestressing, thereby increasing the clamping safety.

Automatické presunutie medzivložky 121 v smere Šípky c a teda vzrast upínacích sil, sa dá íahko dosiahnút v tom případe, ked upínací povrch 121a bude tiež tvaru známého závitu. Týmto usporiadaním pri vnášaní krútiaceho momentu Mk do predmetu 200 zaskrutkovaním predmetu do týchto závitov vzrastie nielen predpátie, t.j. upínacia sila medzi predmetom 200 a medzivložkou 121, ale aj silový záběr medzi axiálnym blokovaČom 123, telesom 110 a predmetom 200, nakoíko sa predmet 200 voíbou zmyslu stúpania tohto závitu bude к blokovaču 123 přibližovat. Ked sa dotláčací prostriedok 111 známým sposobom upraví pre záběr s odstředivým závažím 112 a tým vytvoří ich kinematická vázba, posunutie tohto dotláčacieho prostriedku 111 v. smere šípky b” sa stane výhodné funkciou odstredívej sily tohto odstředivého závažia 112 a tým i samotné blokovanie” čeíuste 120 voči telesu 110 a obrobku 200.The automatic displacement of the intermediate liner 121 in the direction of the arrow c and thus the increase in the clamping forces can be easily achieved if the clamping surface 121a is also in the shape of a known thread. By this arrangement, when the torque Mk is introduced into the object 200 by screwing the object into these threads, not only prestressing, i.e. the clamping force between the object 200 and the intermediate liner 121, but also the force engagement between the axial blocker 123, the body 110 and the object 200 as the object 200 will approach the blocker 123 by the sense of pitch of this thread. When the pressurizing means 111 is adapted in known manner to engage the centrifugal weight 112 and thereby form their kinematic linkage, displacement of the pressurizing means 111 in. in the direction of the arrow b 'becomes the advantageous function of the centrifugal force of this centrifugal weight 112 and hence the blocking of the jaw 120 itself against the body 110 and the workpiece 200.

Claims

It is advantageous to provide, for example, a roughening to increase the coefficient of friction, alternatively to transfer the rear end 123a as a sharp point or sharp edge. The front end 123b of the block 123 is provided with some of the known methods, for example as a sharp point for contact with the face 210 of the article 200 The action of the chuck 100 during clamping and subsequent blocking of the clamping forces fall due to the centrifugal forces Fft) of the jaw 120 is as follows: After clamping the object with 200 jaws 120 of the chuck with the known kinematic chains, the torque Mk to the object is inserted, for example, by a tool. Here, the object 200 relative to the head 120 is displaced relative to one another. This is made possible by shaping the clamping surface 121a of the face 120 as a known threaded surface with a sense of pitch so that, when the torque Mk is set, the face 210 of the object 200 is brought into force engagement with the front end 123b of the axial locking device 123 which is in this face 210 impresses. At the same time, the axial blocker 123 is pressed by its end 123a and into the force engagement with the recess 113 of the body 110 as seen in Fig. 1, or by the side surface 125 of the face 120 as shown in Fig. 2, in the direction of the arrows "a" and the jaw 120 being pressed to the object 2Q0 by the moment Mp. This force engagement can be effected after clamping the object 200 by means of a pressing means 111 disposed movably, for example in the body 110 of the chuck 100a actuated with any of the known methods, for example a self-locking screw and sliding it in the direction of the arrow "b". Since the axial blocker 123 is disposed in the jaw 120 itself slidably and transversely to its movement axis 124, after blocking, the radial movement of the jaw 120 in the body 110 prevents friction or form-fit at the contact points of the axial blocker 123 with the recess 113 of the body 110 and the face 210 of the object 200. Therefore, the tentacle at the point of contact of the jaw surface 121a of the jaw 120 with the outer surface 220 of the article 200 may be more difficult to lower due to the rotary binder. Moreover, in the event of any reduction in this bias, the sub-level required to transmit the external forces and moments of forces to the object 200 of the totopath is automatically increased to the flood level as described herein. In the case where the clamping surface 121a will be transferred on the intermediate piece 121, arranged obliquely with respect to the plane perpendicular to the movement axis 124 of the jaw 120, the friction coefficient 121 between the intermediate piece 121 and the article 200 being greater than between this intermediate piece 121 and the jaw 120, any displacement object 200, due to external forces and moments, causes an increase in this bias, thereby increasing clamping safety. The automatic transfer of the intermediate piece 121 in the direction of the arrow "c" and hence the increase of the clamping forces is easy to achieve when the clamping surface 121a will also be of the known thread. This arrangement, when introducing the torque Mk into the object 200, by "screwing" the object into these threads. not only the pre-load, ie the clamping force between the object 200 and the intermediate piece 121, but also the force engagement between the axial blocker 123, the body 110 and the object 200 increases as the object 200 by selecting the pitch direction of the thread will approach the blocker 123. When the pressing means 111 is adapted in a known manner to engage the centering weight 112 and thereby form a kinematic weight, the displacement of the pressing means 111 in the direction of the arrow "b" becomes an advantageous function of the centrifugal force of the centrifugal weight 112 and thus "blocking" itself. "Jaws 120 relative to body 110 and workpiece 200. THE INVENTION

A chuck consisting of a body with radially extending jaws for a clamped object, characterized in that at least one axial blocker (123) is movably supported in one of the pair consisting of the body (110) and the chuck (120) of the chuck (100), arranged transversely to the jaw movement axis (124) of the jaw (120) and engaging the second jaw (120) clamped between the clamping surfaces (121a) of the jaw (120).

2. Chuck according to claim 1, characterized in that the axial blocker (123) is engaged on one side with a pressing means (111) movably mounted in one of a pair of the body (110) and the jaw (120) and on the other side with the item (200). EN 271 504 B1

3. Chuck according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pressing means (111) housed in the body (110) is arranged transversely movable on the jaw movement axis (124, 120).

4. Chuck according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the pressing means (111) is provided with a centrifugal weight (112).

5. Chuck according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the clamping surface (121a) of the jaw (120) is threaded.

The chuck according to claim 1 or 2, 3, 4, 5, characterized in that the clamping surface (121a) of the jaw (120) is formed on an intermediate piece (121) arranged in a plane perpendicular to the jaw axis (124) obliquely. moving.

The chuck according to claim 1 or 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, characterized in that the clamping surface (121a) of the jaw (120) and the outer surface (220) of the article (200) are displaced relative to one another. 1 drawing