CS271423B1 - Pumpable fat with triglycerol's polyundersaturated fatty acids and trans-isomer low content - Google Patents

Abstract

The solution is represented by a pumpable fat containing a low amount of triglycerols of polyunsaturated fatty acids and trans-isomers and contains the following weight percentages: 3 - 7% of palmitic ester; 2 - 20% of stearic ester; 55 - 67% of oleic ester; 10 - 25% of linoleic ester; up to 4% of linolenic ester; up to 1% of arachic and behen esters; up to 2% of gadoleic ester, up to 7% of erucic esters and 5 - 35% of trans isomers. It is a rapeseed hydrogenated oil based fat pumpable up to 15 degrees C of increased oxidation stability usable for hot food preparation.

Description

The invention relates to a pumpable fat of low triglycerol content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and transisomers at a temperature above 15 ° C based on partially hydrogenated erucic acid rape oil, characterized by increased oxidation stability and intended for use in foodstuffs.

Vegetable and, to a lesser extent, animal fats are used for cooking foods such as frying and baking. · Fat products that do not contain tri-unsaturated fatty acids in triglycerol molecules are used to make these fats. Such raw materials include, for example, palm oil, peanut and cottonseed oil, highly prized olive oil, but also animal fats, such as pork fat. These raw materials are used either directly after refining, or modified by hydrogenation, fractionation or interesterification · Depending on the type of treatment, these are either liquid or clear oils, pasty to pasty products, or solid products, so-called · hardeners ·

For both industrial and household purposes, reduced erucic acid rapeseed oil and hardened vegetable fats with a melting point of 34-36 ° C can be used. However, its reduced oxidative stability prevents maximum use of erucic acid rapeseed oil. suitable for use in such cases where it is exposed to high and long-term heat stress. · When used in households but especially in industrial food conditions, its utility value decreases very quickly by decomposition of polyunsaturated linolenic acid, whose content in rapeseed oil ranges 8 to 12% · Vegetable oils are suitably treated to obtain the fat with suitable properties and eliminate the disadvantages mentioned above · This improves the stability of the oil. ecological value of the product given by the content of esenoial fatty acid linoleic acid ·

In order to maintain the stability of the oil against oxidative changes, the linolenic acid content must not exceed 2% to 3% by weight of the conoentraoe products. · Treatment can be achieved by hydrogenating vegetable oils. to minimize the linoleic acid content by the hydrogenation process ·

The pumpable fat is described in the literature, but based on high-strength rapeseed oil, which is protected by U.S. Pat. No. 3,706,578 (and analogous to U.S. Pat. No. 1,334,962). It thus contains 50% by weight of erucic acid esters. 674 821, 4 391 838 disclose the preparation of similar fats, not based on rapeseed oil. Similarly, the preparation and not the substance protection are dealt with in patents: Swiss patent 469 439 et al. United States 3,443,966 ·

The pumpable fat of the present invention is made from reduced erucic acid rapeseed oil and consists of 3 to 7% by weight of palmitic acid ester, 2 to 20% by weight of stearic ester, 55 to 67% by weight of acid ester oleic acid, 10 to 25% by weight of linoleic ester, up to 4% by weight of linolenic ester, up to% by weight of esters of sucrose, gadoleate and behenic acid and up to 7% by weight of erucic ester · It also contains 5 to 35% of transisomers It is characterized by an extremely low concentration of trans-isomerized fatty acids and hence a low SPI (solid part index) at measurement temperatures. The essential fatty acid content of linoleic acid is maintained to the maximum extent. • These parameters are achieved by a special hydrogenation process using a homogeneous nickel catalyst. 2iegler type based on a complex compound of aluminum and nickel ·

Very few types of heterogeneous catalysts, which are produced in developed capitalist states, are intended for the preparation of low-level transisomer fat and therefore SFI. · In addition to nickel catalysts, they are also used worldwide for

Partial hydrogenation of copper catalysts, but only for hydrogenation of soybean oil. However, the use of copper catalysts in Czechoslovakia is not permissible under hygienic guidelines, because microconcentration of copper residues in the hydrogenated product already causes a sharp deterioration in oxidation stability, which is not offset by days of reduced polyunsaturated fatty acids.

On a laboratory scale, precious metal catalysts such as Ag, Au, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru and others are used for similar purposes, but they have not found industrial application due to their high cost.

As shown in Table 1, columns 1 and 2, using an existing heterogeneous catalyst, hydrogenated rapeseed contains 30 to 75% by weight of transisomers. Such a high content results in a large amount of solids which are severely separated by winterization. This results in a fat suitable for controlled crystallization, the so-called suspension fat. The pumpable fat of the present invention, which is prepared by hydrogenation under catalysis with a homogeneous catalyst, contains only 5 to 35% by weight of transisomers and the solids are not removed from it.

Similar characteristics can only be achieved using the copper catalysts already mentioned, but on soybean oil.

Table 1 shows the characteristics of partially hydrogenated erucic acid rapeseed oils that can be achieved using some types of catalysts. In Table 1, catalysts designated 1, 2, 3, and 5 are heterogeneous nickel catalysts, e.g. 4 Is a heterogeneous copper catalyst.

Under number 6 in Table 1, the characteristics of the fat object of the invention obtained using a homogeneous type catalyst are given. This catalyst is obtained by reacting a nickel salt of an organic acid with an organoaluminum complex hydride. This results in an effect that is not comparable to any of the conventional heterogeneous nickel catalysts. The liquid fat is prepared using a hydrogenation process at temperatures of 80 to 130 ° C using the catalyst. In contrast, when using a heterogeneous catalyst, the reaction temperature is higher, i.e. 160 to 220 ° C. This also determines the different properties of the reinforcement which are the result of both the influence of the catalyst and the kinetics of the reaction. Thus, the acid ester content is such that it ensures the consistency of a new type of pumpable fat.

The above data condition the consistency of the hydrogenation product, which is significantly different from the solids obtained by heterogeneous catalysts. This is evident from the SPI values, which are extremely low. When solidified to a linolenic acid ester content of about 2 to about

2.5% by weight, the SPI values are zero at all temperatures.

in

Table 1

Composition and properties of partially hydrogenated erucic acid rapeseed oil

Heterogeneous catalysts Homogeneous catalysis · 1 2 3 4 5 6

palmitic acid ester 4 to 6 4 to 6 4 to 6 4 to 6 4 to 6 4 to 6 stearic acid ester max. 5 max. 5 max. 5 max. 3 max · 6 max. 10 oleic acid ester 60 to 70 60 to 70 60 to 70 65 to 75 65 to 75 55 to 66 Linoleic acid ester 8 to 16 8 to 16 10 to 16 12 to 17 9 toŽ 16 11 to 25 Linolenic acid ester max 2.5 max · c ?, 5 max. ?, 5 max: 2.5 max 2.5 max 2.5 arachic acid ester 0 to 1 0 to 1 0 to 1 0 to 1 0 toŽ 1 0 to 1 gadoleic acid ester 0 to 2 0 to 2 0 to 2 0 to 2 0 toŽ 2 0 toŽ 2 Behenic acid ester 0 to 1 0 to 1 0 to 1 0 to 1 0 to 1 0 to 1 erucic acid ester max · 5 max. 5 max · 5 max. 5 max · 5 max. 5 trance 30 to 60 35 to 75 15 Dec to 40 12 to 40 30 toŽ 70 5 to 35 SPI 0 ° c 7 to 25 10 to 25 5 to 10 0.5 to 10 5 to 20 May 0 to 10 7 ° c 7 to 15 Dec 10 to 25 5 to 7 0 to 8 5 to 15 Dec 0 to 8 16 ° c 5 to 10 7 to 10 2 to 4 0 to 4 4 to 12 0 to 4 Noc: 18 ° C 3 to 8 5 to 8 0.5 to 3 0 to 2 3 to 8 0 to 2 Deň: 22 ° C 1 to 5 3 to 5 0 to 1 0 1 to 5 0 JČ 90 to 105 90 toŽ 105 90 to 105 90 to 105 90 to 105 85 to 105

Fatty acid concentration values are expressed as the sum of all isomeric forms of the respective fatty acid in mass ·% · Transisomer concentration is expressed as the concentration of elaidic acid relative to all fatty acids and determined by infrared spectroscopy (mass ·%). SPI (solid fat index) was determined by DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) method · 1 to 3 and 5 are heterogeneous nickel catalysts, 4 is copper heterogeneous catalyst ·

Partially hydrogenated fats, as mentioned above, may be subjected to subsequent fractionation, in this case specific, so-called winterization (freeze-drying) · The suitability of fat for these purposes is primarily conditioned by SPI at different measurement values · If not achieved low SPI values, double winterization to obtain unfair oil. This greatly reduces product yield and increases production costs.

The pumpable fat object of the invention is an ideal raw material for winterization. A low SPI value guarantees maximum yield of a good quality quenching liquid fraction. The increased stearic acid content also facilitates the formation of large fat crystals during crystallization and good solid phase separability. These properties cannot be achieved with conventional heterogeneous catalysts.

CS 271423 Bl

The pumpable fat object of the invention can be successfully used after winterization for the same purposes as olive oil, which even exceeds its oxidation stability properties.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a pumpable fat of low triglyceride content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and traneomers having increased oxidation stability and intended for food purposes. guarantee its high nutritional value and fluidity ·

Table 2

Examples 1 to 6 show the characteristics of partially hydrogenated erucic acid rapeseed oils

Example δ. 1 2 3 4 5 6 palmitic ethers 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 6.8 3.1 stearic acid ester 5.0 9.6 7.7 5.3 19.6 2.5 oleic acid ester 63.5 66.0 63.1 64.2 55.5 56.4 Linoleic acid ether 16.3 13.3 17.4 17.4 10.0 24.6 Linolenic acid ether 1.1 0.4 1.6 2.5 0.4 3.9 arachidic cyeeline ester 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.7 gadoleic acid ester 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 2,0 1.5 behenium cyeeline ester 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.4 1.0 0.4 erucer cyeelines ester 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.5 3.5 6.9 tra ne 25.3 29.5 22.6 12.1 33.5 '7.1 SPI 0 ° C 3.0 9.0 2.2 0.5 9.1 0 7 ° c 1.5 7.8 1.5 0 7.9 0 Low: 14 ° C 0.6 3.7 0.9 0 3.9 0 Noc: 18 ° C 0.2 1.4 0.2 0 1.5 0 Deň: 22 ° C 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 JČ 87.2 86.3 92.0 98.1 85.2 103

The fatty acid concentration values are expressed as the concentration values of all isomers of the respective fatty acid in% by weight. The concentration of transieomers is expressed as the concentration of elaidic acid, based on all fatty acids, as determined by infrared spectroscopy (% by weight). The solid fat index (SPI) was determined by DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) method. · The mixtures listed in Table 1 to 6 were prepared by hydrogenation of non-reducing rapeseed oil with hydrogen under the action of a homogeneous catalyst prepared by reduction of nickel stearate with organoaluminium complex hydride. Examples 1 to 6 differ in hydrogenation temperature, pressure, reaction time and catalyst concentration.

Claims (1)

Pumpable low-fat triglycerol content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and transisomers, which can be pumped at temperatures above 15 ° C with increased oxidation stability, consisting of triglycerol fatty acids: palmitic, stearic, oleic, linolenic, linolenic, arachic, gadolenic, behenic, erucic, characterized in that the contents of said fatty acids are: palmitic acid esters stearic acid esters oleic acid esters linoleic acid esters linolenic acid esters arachic acid gadoleic acid behenic ester erucic acid esters 3 to 7 % wt. 2 to 20 May % wt. 55 to 67 % wt. 10 to 25 % wt. to 4 % mass # to 1 % wt. to 2 % wt. to 1 % wt. to 7 % wt. wherein the content of fatty acid transisomers expressed as elaidic acid content is 5 to 35% by weight, the iodine number being 80 to 105.