CS267947B1 - The method of welding the functional part of the pins to the crankshafts - Google Patents

Abstract

The method is intended for the production of new or additional repair of new or partially worn out shafts, or for the renovation of partially or completely worn out shafts, especially of internal combustion engines, but also of compressors, plastic vacuum pumps, pumps and various machines by the method of electric arc under flux or by the method of electric arc in gas protection, in the serial process of production or repair. The purposes of the method are to grind, in particular to shorten the total length of the bent shaft up to the level of the prescribed limit, to increase the fatigue strength and service life. The essence of the method is that the heat of the technological welding process is deposited gradually with the usual tendency, and alternately around the central main pin. First, the angular transitions of the main journals are welded, then the connecting rod journals. Then, in the same order, the cylindrical surfaces of the main journals are welded, and then the connecting rod journals. The order of certain types of filler materials, the thermal limit of preheating and the limitation of the peak temperatures after complete welding are defined. After heat treatment and its treatment, the bent shaft usually exhibits better properties than a new one, with reduced procurement costs.

Description

en 267 947 B1 1

The present invention relates to a method of welding a functional part of the cranked shaft by an electric arc method under a melt or electric arc in an atmospheric gas atmosphere.

Up to now, bonding methods are known, in particular the renovation of the functional part of the cranked pins, whereby the threads are oriented on crankshafts of internal combustion engines. Currently, these two approaches use two basic methods: surfacing and spraying. Two methods are used for winding: electric arc under melt and eletric arc in gas. In the case of the case, there is a characteristic sequence: first, the cylindrical flats are welded to the barrel of the main bolt and then the connecting rod bolt, then welded through the individual bolt and arms of the cranked shaft with the additive material with the raised plastic properties, moving from the one can of the angled shaft to to the other. The following sequence of operations is also used: first, the cylindrical flats are welded as the main one, as they follow one another from one canopy of the crank shaft to the other, and then the welds between the pin and the end are welded in the same direction and herring and shoulders. There are two methods for spraying: flame-spraying and irrigation. Smaller non-aluminum interlayers are used, and the functions of substrates which are applied first, in an analogous sequence, as in the final deposit in the predetermined case. In the case of flame-spraying and hot spraying, Ni base bases are most commonly used. The average diameter of the hardness reached after welding is HR 40 and after tempering it rises to HRo 48. The total change of the standard crank shaft length: 4-roll, length 00a 600 mm + 80 mm - reaches a shortening of 1.5 up to 2 mm, in which case the shortening edge has been exceeded by 2 mm and there is an almost irreparable circumferential misalignment and throwing of the crank shaft by up to 3.5 mm with respect to the central bar, after welding and finishing of the heat bar. In the area of dynamic load-bearing capacity, many fatigue strengths have been reduced in many cases, with a reduction of 12% and a reduction in service life. Among the economics of particular interest so far are, in particular, metal spraying technology, where the cost of the additive material is particularly high, and spraying is somewhat noisy in some cases.

The essence of the new method of welding a functional part of the shaft crankshafts is, in particular, that it is welded to the shaft bends of the intermediate or mid-center main shaft to the crankshaft arms, with the SalSioh corner bolts to the crankshaft arms, then dimensional conversions are welded. connecting rods of pins in the crank arms of the shaft by the first welded electrode and in the same sequence and meetings! welds all the cylindrical heads and the connecting rods with a second welded electrode, alternately around the middle or center of the nearest main pin, to the cranked shaft, terminating in weaving at 165 to 580 ° C. The nature of the novel process depends on the condition defined by the fact that the dimensional overhangs of the arms are welded with a first welded electrode of 0.07 mass%. % carbon, 1.95 wt. quartz, 1.5 wt. of nickel, 0.45 wt. wt. molybdenum, and the remainder iron and an ananganganic acid melt flux for automatic and semi-automatic welding and welding of carbon steel, and the vacuum plates are serrated by a second welded electrode of the bed and 0.10 to 0.35 wt. % carbon, 0.20 to θ, 4θ% by weight. silicon, 0.6 to 1.2% by weight, manganese, 3.0 to 5% by weight, 0.45 to 0.55% by weight, molybdenum, 0.2 to 0.4% by weight . medium and iron and medium-manganese acid flux for automatic and semi-automatic welding and welding with carbon steel, unidirectional pulse jet, or unidirectional current of 170 to 190 As positive polarity on welded electrode, at 27 to 29 volts, welded to 22 to 50 mh ~ in the case of a rolling surface with a cladding pitch of 3 to 5 mm, rpm "1", with a subsequent overlap, after preheating the crankshaft to 300 ° C, with a heating temperature above 200 ° C during the welding, without overcoating Advantages of the new process are: Reducing the shortening (extension) of the cranked shaft by welding, to a reference length of up to + 0.1 mm Pre-filled tolerance 2 CS 267 947 B1 with a crankshaft length of 517 mm and +0.1 and - 0.3 mm Circumferentially rounded central pivot after complete completion of thermal thermal washing machine does not exceed 1.1 mm unevenness in the distribution of matter and the cross section of zalomeniahriadeia. Fatigue tests have proven to be an exceptional reduction in fatigue strength of max, by - 34 5 ° »so its increase of 00a to 15%, at criterion level of load, at inlay load increase of fatigue strength by up to 9% against the original new zalo-less heater, Team and, equivalently, increases the service life by an average value of 10 to 30%. Among the advantages noted is also the final reduction of the treoio moment in the crank shaft operation by an average value of about $ 7 to $ 8 compared to the clown shaft. This fact affects the fuel economy of the fueling engine. Excluding the need for an intermediate intermediate layer with simultaneous quality assurance, the method of my miniscule to negligible noise and hygiene has been categorized as B, smoke triode No. 1, Hardness hardness 43 to b5 BRo, after heat treatment 48 to 49 BRo. Spfiaob provides complete yieldable results. The economical efficiency method ranges from 1,445 to 121%, according to the cranked shaft condition and use theology,

The process test was, in one case, carried out on a Z 8001, M 634, 4 VD and SMD 14 type crankshaft. Under arc flux method, additional material tubular electrode was used, for ring flanges in the corner and on the cylindrical section. a differentiated hemisphere composition (drinking and second electrode crashes of the chemical composition of the essentially new method), the positive pole of the electrofusion source on the electrode electrode. Sálj was used a medium-manganese acid melting flux for automatic and semi-automatic welding and coil welding of carbon steel (F-101), in which the electric arc method was used in the flue gas, wire C 215 0 1.2 mm + pole and gas COg, or a mixture of C0 + Ar. Parameters of rewind rewinders U = 27 V, Ial68 A to 180 A, v = 30 m, h ”, parameters of winding valleys of pegs Us27 V, I% 190 to 200 A, v = 25,4 m, h” ss6 nn.ot “The bits were made on 8, up to 10, single pieces. types of crankshafts with preheating to 300-310 ° C while maintaining temperatures above 200 and 220 ° C. Welding began with the overlap of the overlapped main cone of the main pin into the crankshaft arms, and after checking the optimumness of the procedure, the selected overlap of the main cone, located at the center of the crank shaft, was selected.

At the end of the test, winding on the center or center of the nearest major pivot began, then the corner pivot, then on the pivot pin, as well as the succession and sequence, casting the pendulum by the first and second second navodes, alternately on both sides the middle or middle of the nearest major cap. The grades of the crank shaft type were selected and tested to reduce the temperature of the normal J tempering temperature by 50 ° C, that is to say at temperatures ranging from 165 to 50 ° C, for 2 to 5 hours, with gradual by decreasing the air temperature to 20 ° C

Upon reaching a stable temperature of 20 [deg.] C. of the crank shaft, the shaping and dimensional variations of the flooded body were added to the pelletizing and retracting for evaluation of the cohesive properties and the expected lifetime of each embedded shaft. The measurement was made by comparison with the flooded, new cranked shaft. The results (on average, these results were also achieved in the 3alSloh scooter shafts, welded by the electric arc method in gas protection):

Treo moment Nm - low shaft - running: 5,5 - operating: 1,095 i- welded shaft - basic: 5,755 - operating: 1,086. Conclusion: treoi moment increases during (negligible) dwell time by 00 and 4.63%, decreases during the time by viao than 8.21%, which is reflected in the reduction of energy consumption. Fatigue Strength: - at 70/15 Wi was the number of corners - the classic shaft

Claims (1)

CS 267 9 ^ 7 B1 3 325 000, welded shaft 375 000, - at 60/15 kN - classic shaft 2 615 000, and welded shaft 5 000 000 and refraction. Conclusion: in the case of welded shaft, the fatigue strength increased - at a load of 70/15 kNo 15.5 5 °, at a load of 60/15 kN by a viao than 91%. EkonOmiai o 011a new crankshaft and type Z 8001 - coefficient 100j welded, ready for assembly - coefficient 87 | type M 634 - coefficient 100> welded eto - coefficient 70, type 4 VD - coefficient 100, welded eto-coefficient 87. Conclusion; energy savings by reducing the resistance, prolonging the life of the flooded crankshaft by Saláíoh min, 120 to 130 cost savings from 12 to 30 5 ”compared to the price shaft. The invention is applicable to a variety of different shaft shafts and repair and renovation companies, in research and development it is possible to use it as a defined experience with the way of storing heat content, downstream, into metal parts viao - less symmetrical shape and volume divisions BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A method of welding a funnel-shaped shaft to an electric arc under a flux, or an electric arc in a heated gas atmosphere, such that the corner transition to the arms is welded with a first welded electrode of 0.07% by weight, carbon, 1.95 wt.%, silicon, 1.5 wt.%, nickel, 0.45 wt. wt. molybdenum, and the remainder iron and medium manganese acid melted flux for automatic and semi-automatic welding and welding of carbon steels and rolling surfaces are welded with a second welded electrode of 0.10 to 0.35% by weight, carbon, 0.20 to 0.40% wt. % silicon, 0.6 to 1.2 wt. % manganese, 3.0 to 5.0 wt. 0.45 to 0.55 wt.% molybdenum; 0.2 to 0.4 wt. medium, and iron and mid-manganese acid melted flux for automatic and semi-automatic welding and welding with carbon steel, unidirectional pulsed current, or unidirectional current of 170 to 190 A with positive polarity at welding electrode at 27 to 29 volts, welded to 22 to 50 mh “1, in the case of cylindrical surfaces with a weld bead pitch of 3 to 5 mm.ot“ 1, followed by overlapping, to a pre-play of the crankshaft to 300 ° C, keeping the heating temperature above 200 ° C during the welding without interruption the welding process, characterized in that the welded-on wedge is welded to the crankshaft crank arms by the intermediate or intermediate center of the nearest main bar into the crank arms; the first welded electrode and, in the same sequence and order, weld all the baffle surfaces to the barrel and the barrel 8ap through the second welded electrode, alternately around the middle or center of the nearest major bar, to the cranked shaft, terminating in the barrel at 165-580 ° C for 2 to 5 hours.