CS267170B1 - A method for producing a multistage cathode - Google Patents
A method for producing a multistage cathode Download PDFInfo
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- CS267170B1 CS267170B1 CS872005A CS200587A CS267170B1 CS 267170 B1 CS267170 B1 CS 267170B1 CS 872005 A CS872005 A CS 872005A CS 200587 A CS200587 A CS 200587A CS 267170 B1 CS267170 B1 CS 267170B1
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Abstract
Účelom riešenia je zvýšenie homogenity elektronového zvazku vytahovaného z katódovej plazmy, vytvorenej pri mnohohrotovej katóde ako aj zjednodušenie technologie výroby mnohohrotovej katody. Uvedeného účelu sa dosiahne tým, že katoda sa vyrobí zo zvazku mnohovláknového supravodivého kábla, ktorého jeden koniec sa pomocou pájky upevní v objímke a druhý koniec sa mechanicky vyleští. Následným leptáním vyleštěného konca, t. j. pracovného povrchu katody, vo vodnom roztoku kyseliny dusičnej sa obnažia vlákna kábla, ktoré slúžia ako hroty katody. Dlžkou obnaženia vlákien, t. j. výšku hrotov katody možno regulovat: dobou leptania a tým ovplyvňovať. geometrický faktor katody. Spósob výroby mnohohrotovej katody móže nájsť využitie v technike urýchlovačov, laserovej technike a v technologických zariadeniach na opracovanie povrchu materiálov, ktoré použivajú impulzné elktrónové zvázky.The purpose of the solution is to increase the homogeneity of the electron beam extracted from the cathode plasma, created at the multi-tip cathode, as well as to simplify the technology of manufacturing the multi-tip cathode. The stated purpose is achieved by making the cathode from a bundle of multi-filament superconducting cable, one end of which is fixed in a sleeve by means of solder and the other end is mechanically polished. Subsequent etching of the polished end, i.e. the working surface of the cathode, in an aqueous solution of nitric acid exposes the cable fibers, which serve as cathode tips. The length of exposure of the fibers, i.e. the height of the cathode tips, can be regulated by: the etching time and thus influence. the geometric factor of the cathode. The method of manufacturing the multi-tip cathode can find application in accelerator technology, laser technology and in technological devices for processing the surface of materials that use pulsed electron beams.
Description
Vynález sa týká spósobu výroby mnohohrotovej katody pre zdroje nabitých častíc.The invention relates to a process for the production of a multi-tip cathode for charged particle sources.
Z doteraz známých technologií přípravy mnohohrotovej katody sa najčastejšie používá vytvorenie katody z kovových ihiel upevněných v kovověj podložke. Po připojení na katodu napěťového impulzu na hrotoch katody sa vytvára katodová plazma, z ktorej sa elektrickým polom vytahuje zvázok elektrónov. Nevýhodami takej katody sú nedostatočné emisně vlastnosti a zložitost technologie přípravy, ktorá spočívá vo vysokej náročnosti na přesnost osadenia ihiel do kovověj podložky, malej plošnej hustotě hrotov a tiež v zložitej technologii elektrolytického zahrocovania jednotlivých ihiel. Doba vytvorenia hrotov bývá niekolko hodin a to i v případe súčasného zahrocovania prv osadených ihiel. Nehomogenita leptania má často za následok nerovnakú dlžku hrotov, čo je příčinou nehomogenít rozloženia katodovéj plazmy, ktoré negativné ovplyvňujú velkost prúdu odoberaného z plazmy, t. j. zhoršujú emisně vlastnosti katody. Iným typom mnohohrotových katod sú katody vytvořené zo zvazku uhlíkových vlákien priemeru okolo 10 .um. Ich nevýhodou je nerovnaká hustota vlákien a nerovnaká dlžka vlákien, ktorá vyplývá z ťažkostí orezania zvSzku vlákien. Z dalších technologií používaných v praxi možno spomenút katodu zloženú zo žiletiek a katodu z kovověj fólie, na ktorej sú hroty vytvořené v tvare trojbokých ihlanov metodou lisovania za studená. Nedostatkami oboch týchto katod sú nehomogenity rozloženia katodovéj plazmy, vyplývájúce z nízkej plošnej hustoty a nerovnakého tvaru hrotov.Of the hitherto known technologies for the preparation of a multi-pointed cathode, the formation of a cathode from metal needles fixed in a metal substrate is most often used. After connection to the cathode of the voltage pulse on the cathode tips, a cathode plasma is generated, from which an electron beam is pulled out by an electric field. The disadvantages of such a cathode are the insufficient emission properties and the complexity of the preparation technology, which consists in the high demands on the accuracy of fitting the needles into the metal substrate, low surface density of tips and also in the complex technology of electrolytic sharpening of individual needles. The creation time of the tips is usually several hours, even in the case of simultaneous sharpening of the first fitted needles. Inhomogeneity of etching often results in unequal tip lengths, which causes inhomogeneities in the distribution of the cathode plasma, which negatively affect the magnitude of the current drawn from the plasma, i.e. degrade the emission properties of the cathode. Another type of multi-point cathode is a cathode formed from a bundle of carbon fibers with a diameter of about 10 .mu.m. Their disadvantage is the unequal fiber density and the unequal fiber length, which results from the difficulty of cutting the fiber bundle. Other technologies used in practice include a cathode composed of razor blades and a cathode of metal foil, on which the tips are formed in the shape of triangular pyramids by cold pressing. The disadvantages of both of these cathodes are the inhomogeneities in the distribution of the cathode plasma, resulting from the low areal density and the unequal shape of the tips.
Uvedené nedostatky v podstatnej miere odstraňuje spósob výroby monohohrotovej katody podlá vynálezu, ktorého podstata spočívá v tom, že z mnohovláknového kábla sa vytvoří cylindrický zvSzok, ktorého jeden koniec sa pájkovaním upevní do medenej objímky. Druhý koniec zvazku sa vyleští kolmo na os zvázku. Supravodivý mnohovláknový kábel pozostáva z tenkých vlákien z ťažkotavitelného kovu, alebo zlúčeniny rovnoměrně rozložených v medenej matrici. Následným leptáním vyleštěného konca zvázku vo vodnom roztoku kyseliny dusičnej, sa leptá len měděná matrica kábla.The above-mentioned drawbacks are substantially eliminated by the process for the production of a mono-tipped cathode according to the invention, the essence of which consists in forming a cylindrical bundle from a multifilament cable, one end of which is fastened to a copper sleeve by soldering. The other end of the bundle is polished perpendicular to the bundle axis. The superconducting multi-fiber cable consists of thin fibers of refractory metal, or a compound evenly distributed in a copper matrix. Subsequent etching of the polished end of the bundle in an aqueous nitric acid solution etches only the copper matrix of the cable.
Hlavnou výhodou vynálezu je, že zabezpečuje uloženie hrotov katody v jednej rovině s vysokou presnostou, danou stupňom vyleštenia. Použitie kábla pri výrobě mnohohrotovej katody umožňuje dosiahnuť vysokú plošnú hustotu hrotov katody i vysokú homogenitu rozloženia hrotoV. Reguláciou zloženia leptacieho roztoku, ako i doby leptania, možno dosiahnuť róznu výšku hrotov a tým meniť geometrický faktor katody. Přítomnost medenej matrice ulahčuje spojenie káblov do zvázku pájaním. Navrhnutý spósob přípravy katody tiež umožňuje 'obnovit póvodnú geometriu katody po jej erózii zopakováním operácie leštenia a leptania povrchu katody.The main advantage of the invention is that it ensures the placement of the cathode tips in one plane with high accuracy, given by the degree of polishing. The use of cable in the production of a multi-tip cathode makes it possible to achieve a high areal density of the cathode tips as well as a high homogeneity of the distribution of the tips. By regulating the composition of the etching solution, as well as the etching time, it is possible to achieve a different height of the tips and thus to change the geometric factor of the cathode. The presence of a copper matrix facilitates the connection of the cables to the bundle by soldering. The proposed method of cathode preparation also makes it possible to restore the original geometry of the cathode after its erosion by repeating the operation of polishing and etching the cathode surface.
Na pripojenom výkrese je schematicky znázorněná mnohohrotová katoda. Čiarkovanou čiarou je znázorněná pracovně rovina katody.The attached drawing schematically shows a multi-tip cathode. The dashed line shows the working plane of the cathode.
Mnohohrotová katoda pozostáva z cylindrického zvazku mnohovláknových supravodivých káblov 3, ktorého jeden koniec je pomocou pájky 2 upevněný v medenej objímke 2· Hroty katody tvoria obnažené vlákna £ supravodivého kábla 2· Všetky časti katody sú galvanicky navzájom přepojené.The multi-tip cathode consists of a cylindrical bundle of multi-fiber superconducting cables 3, one end of which is fastened in a copper sleeve 2 by means of solder 2. The cathode tips form exposed fibers of the superconducting cable 2. All parts of the cathode are galvanically interconnected.
PřikladlHe added
Na výrobu mnohohrotovej katody sa použije mnohovláknový supravodivý kábel priemeru 0,4 mm s 1 615 nióbtitanovými vláknami priemeru 5 Aim. Ďalej sa zvazok mnohovláknového supravodivého kábla 2 upevní v medenej objímke 2 napr. pomocou štandardnej cínovej pájky 2. Pracovný povrch katody sa vyleští sadou diamantových pást tak, že výška povrchových nerovností je menšia, než 0,25 /im. Vyleštěný povrch sa leptá v roztoku zloženom zo 300 ml destilovanej vody a 700 ml dielov 65 % hmot, kyseliny dusičnej po dobu 30 minut pri teplote 25 °C. Takýmto leptáním sa dosiahne odleptanie medenej matrice káblov 2 hrůbky 30zum. Niób-titanové vlákna sa v uvedenom roztoku neleptajú a vdaka svojmu malému priemeru splňajú funkciu hrotov katody. Výsledkom je mnohohrotová katoda s hrotmi priemeru 5 ;um, s výškou hrotov 30 ^im a plošnou 4 2 hustotou 2.10 hrotov/mm .A 0.4 mm diameter multicore superconducting cable with 1,615 niobitanium fibers 5 μm in diameter is used to make the multi-tip cathode. Next, the bundle of multi-fiber superconducting cable 2 is fixed in a copper sleeve 2, e.g. by means of standard tin solder 2. The working surface of the cathode is polished with a set of diamond pastes so that the height of the surface irregularities is less than 0.25 .mu.m. The polished surface is etched in a solution consisting of 300 ml of distilled water and 700 ml of 65% by weight nitric acid for 30 minutes at 25 ° C. By such etching, etching of the copper matrix of the cables 2 of the thickness 30 of μm is achieved. The niobium-titanium fibers do not etch in said solution and, due to their small diameter, fulfill the function of cathode tips. The result is a multi-tip cathode with tips of 5 [mu] m in diameter, with a tip height of 30 [mu] m and an areal density of 2.10 tips / mm.
CS 267 170 BlCS 267 170 Bl
Vynález móže nájst využitie v technike urýchlovačov, laserovéj technike a v technologických zariadeniach na opracovanie povrchu materiálov, ktoré používajú impulzné elektronové zvázky.The invention can find application in accelerator technology, laser technology and in technological devices for surface treatment of materials which use pulsed electron beams.
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Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS872005A CS267170B1 (en) | 1987-03-25 | 1987-03-25 | A method for producing a multistage cathode |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS872005A CS267170B1 (en) | 1987-03-25 | 1987-03-25 | A method for producing a multistage cathode |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CS200587A1 CS200587A1 (en) | 1989-06-13 |
| CS267170B1 true CS267170B1 (en) | 1990-02-12 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CS872005A CS267170B1 (en) | 1987-03-25 | 1987-03-25 | A method for producing a multistage cathode |
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1987
- 1987-03-25 CS CS872005A patent/CS267170B1/en unknown
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CS200587A1 (en) | 1989-06-13 |
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