CS264961B1 - Process for dewatering and desalting petroleum - Google Patents

Abstract

The procedure is based on customized usage slop materials, especially petrochemical oil processing plants they largely form an oil type emulsion in water as a result of reacting in them both acid and alkaline substances character. Modified slopes added to of crude oil in regulated quantities, common with synthetic deemulsifiers positively affecting the drainage and desalination process oil in its thermochemistry and electrostatic degree.

Description

264961 2

The present invention relates to a process for the dewatering and desalination of crude oil-treated material from heavy-duty slopes originating from various processing plants. There are instances of industrial practice in which small quantities are added to oil prior to dewatering and desalination or directly before entering the furnace of the atmospheric distillation unit. In this way, only slopes from some low-water, impurities and inter-surface tensioning plants can be processed. They get in the processing of oil in refinery and petrochemical plants! to waste lead hydrocarbon moieties, other chemicals acidic, alkaline neutral, often surface-active and mechanical impurities, including plastic granules and clays. Wastewater collides in the collecting sewer system and leads to further processing, where some of the hydrocarbons are separated from them. Along with the action of substances in wastewater! The heavy-duty slopes, which are processed in a sewage treatment plant, are complicated, often impossible, and therefore heavy-precipitating slopes are collected in storage tanks, where part of the hydrocarbons are separated as a separate layer while long-term storage and other factors remain, but a significant proportion of the emulsion remains undivided. Heavy-duty slopes thus occupy part of the plants in factories for months and years, and oil fractions and other hydrocarbon materials from petrochemical production are blocked in the slopes in the form of emulsions, which could be used more efficiently. Heavy-breakable slopes are a non-homogeneous material with a structural viscosity, varying in water content over a very wide range, sometimes up to 90% by weight, as well as mechanical impurities. The petroleum and hydrocarbon moieties found in heavy-duty slopes distill the bulk, usually more than from 3/4, up to 350 ° C, which means that in the case of a suitable method it would be possible to obtain so-called bright products. The cause of hard-to-stop insulins is the very stable emulsions produced by the action of surfactants, high HH and emulsion stabilizers. One of the ways of utilizing heavy-duty slopov is their mixing with heating oils and their subsequent combustion in energy production. This is an effective way to use slopes. In addition to the lack of utilization of the light hydrocarbon moieties from the slopes for the production of bright products, there is a lack of progress in increasing the content of various undesirable substances such as alkali, mechanical impurities and the like. in fuel oils. The possibilities of processing hardy-repellent slopes are presented by MS. N 212 212, 256 170, 256 171 and 256 175, which require acidification of slopes by various inorganic and / or organic acids, mainly found in by-products from organochemical production. Acid consumption alone and the consequent ability to get into the petroleum products of refractory hatches further define the use of slope acidification techniques. Adding more of the heavily replaceable slopes to the oil is usually unsuccessful. It causes a high water content in the dewatered oil, the oil is poorly desalinated, there are disturbances on the electrodehydrators, the emulsion can penetrate to the distillation plant, the distillation products can have unstandard, degraded quality and polyolefin granules are found in the distillation residues. Heavy-duty slopes contain portions of different types of emulsions, but most in oil-in-water emulsions, they increase clay-stabilized, which enters the waste leaders. Untreated slopes due to the nature of their emulsion, the high content of freely soluble emulsifiers in the joint treatment with the oil cause these problems.

In contrast, according to the present invention, oil is dewatered and desalinated using modified materials of heavy-duty, slippery, predominant oil-in-water emulsions originating from various oil processing plants, with very varying hydrocarbon and water contents such that 100 wt. 0.1 to 10 wt. parts of the treated slope containing residual water-soluble emulsifiers in an amount of 3 to 1500 ppm, resulting from the mutual reaction of the oil-processing products with the substances used, in particular with an alkaline character and not more than 5% by weight. of water, further from 1 to 8 wt. parts of the water calculated by the oil and, after mixing, together lead to thermochemical and / or electrostatic steps of dewatering and desalting oil. The advantage of the process according to the invention is to utilize the residual content of emulsifiers in the treated hops forming the type of oil-in-water emulsion to break up the oil emulsions! water-in-oil type.

If the slopes are modified according to the process of the present invention, a small portion of the surfactants will still be present, which, when dewatering and desalting, fulfill the function of de-emulsifiers. High-quality de-emulsifiers are added to crude oil at concentrations of 1: 5,000 to 100,000.

Deemulsifier mixtures can be more effective than each. Sometimes, de-emulsifiers are added to the oil when it is drained and desalted at the mining fields, and in the refineries they can cope with their oil residues. Repaired heavy-duty slopes in petroleum in smaller amounts (eg up to 10% by weight) enhance the de-emulsifying effect. On the other hand, too high a content of slopes in both the oil and the treated could cause a new emulsion to form. Another advantage of the process of the invention is the possibility of co-processing slopes with oil without adversely affecting the technology and the quality of the products described above. The fact that slopes usually contain more than 75%, often up to 90% by weight. 350 ° C distillation distillation portions and thinner sloping treatment can use different and non-standard semi-high-grade petroleum or hydrocarbon materials from the distillation range of light fractions, which are usually put into light fuel oils, will favorably extract fractions from atmospheric distillation oil.

Details of the procedures and properties of the materials used are apparent from the examples. Example 1

The slope was adjusted, which was only partially separated for a longer storage time in the tank. The average slope sample contained 32% by weight. % water, 17.8 wt. the mechanical impurities and the rest of the oil fractions distilling 83% by volume and up to 360 ° C. An isopropylbenzene-containing distillation residue containing mainly diisopropylbenzenes in an amount of 0.2 wt. part per 1 wt. part slop. The slop, together with the distillation residue, was mixed in the tank with heating at a temperature of 60 ° C. Since substantial amounts of mechanical impurities in the slope were polyolefin granules, these coarse impurities were removed by the rotary drum filter. Diluted slope viscosity (after removal of mechanical impurities) measured at 60 ° C was 6.1 mm / s Diluted slop, which after filtration contained still 12% w / w was further diluted by the last lateral withdrawal from an atmospheric distillation column containing 56% parts by volume distilling up to 350 ° C. 0.15 wt. dielunal hmot. part of a previously diluted and filtered slop. The pumped material was heated in a separate container and partitioned at 75 ° C. The separated water, together with a small amount of emulsion (interlayer), was discharged into the sewage drains. A separated carbon-hydrogen layer (treated slop) containing 0.25 wt. % water, 0.08 wt. mechanical impurities and 23 ppm aqueous-alcoholic solution (1: 1) extractable with a surfactant property were added at 4% by weight. to sulfur-paraffinic oil (oil properties: density at 20 ° C = 861 kg.m, water content of mechanical impurities = 0.10 i, salt content = 28 mg NaCl / 1, light product content 53% by weight, Sulfur = 1.62% by weight, viscosity at 20 ° C = 11.7 mm 2), and was co-drained and desalted with it without the addition of deemulsifier. The dewatered and desalted oil mixture and treated slope containing 6 mg NaCl / l and traces of water were further processed on the distillation unit.

Example2

In the long-term storage of the heavy-duty slope, the top layer containing 2 wt. water and 0.12 wt. mechanical impurities without polyolefin granules. 90% by volume to 351 ° C distilled from the laboratory-derived sample of this slop layer. The above slop layer was pumped into an alluvial vessel where it was settled for 72 hours at 80 ° C. After separation of the water, the treated slop contained 0.15 wt. water and 0.02% by weight of mechanical impurities. Extraction with 50% aqueous ethanol gave water soluble surfactants of 185 ppm calculated for the treated saline. When testing the surfactant properties of the isolated fractions, it was found that, after addition of the crude oil, 0.01 wt. the surface-to-water petroleum-to-water value has been reduced

Claims (1)

Process for dewatering and desalination of crude oil by means of modified materials from refractory slums having a predominant oil-in-water emulsion content from various oil processing plants, with very variable hydrocarbon and water contents, characterized in that k 100 wt. 0.1 to 10 wt. % by weight of parts of treated slurry containing residual water-soluble emulsifiers in an amount of 3 to 1500 ppm, resulting from the mutual reactions of the petroleum products and the auxiliaries used, in particular of an alkaline nature, and not more than 5% by weight. 1 to 8 wt. parts of water calculated on petroleum and after mixing together are led to a thermochemical and / or electrostatic degree of dewatering and desalination of the oil.