CS261682B1 - A method of producing bearing oils - Google Patents

Abstract

The solution describes a method for producing high-quality and conventional bearing oils from sulfur-paraffinic crudes by selective refining with furfural under conditions where a raffinate is formed, which after dewaxing has a viscosity index of 65 to 75 and an extract with a solidification temperature of -4 to 10 °C. Both of these materials serve as semi-finished products for the production of bearing oils. High-quality bearing oil is prepared from dewaxed selective raffinate using hydrorefining, and in the production of conventional bearing oil, the obtained extract is used, which is not dewaxed, but is hydrorefined separately or after dilution with a suitable petroleum fraction, which may be dewaxed oil or a low-viscosity distillate, for example vacuum gas oil.

Description

4 261682

The invention of SS1 relates to a process for producing sulfur-paraffinic bearing oils. The oil is usually a quality and conventional process of selective refining with furfural, which is such that the oil raffinate after its dewaxing can be deposited to form a bearing oil and that the extract which has a solidification temperature after further refining. In the absence of dewaxing, a suitable colloidal oil is common, and its component is appropriate.

Bearing oils form a large part of the group of industrial oils, with the most abundant types of bearing oils being mentioned. Their field of application is very wide, in addition to the lubrication of glazed parts, they are used for many other purposes, especially technological ones. Cutting into high quality plain bearing oils has a reflection in, their quality parameters, while high quality oil oils are intended for long-term use, are deeper refined and optionally contain an antioxidant. They both produce different viscosities of low viscosity with a viscosity of about 4 mm 2 / s at 20 ° C to viscous viscosities of about 100 mm 2 / s @ 1 at 40 ° C.

In the production of bearing oils, spit refineries available in plants, such as: acid refining, selective refining, hydrotreating, and refining, often also combinations thereof. However, the production of both types of oil from paraffinic oils is necessary to dewax the distillates or raffinates. The use of a non-dewaxed, low viscosity oil-bearing component of the gas oil, in a relatively small amount, is described in FIG. author certificate no. 230 149. Sufficient oxidation resistance is required for bearing oil quality among other qualitative parameters, which is achieved by suitable embossing, possibly by the use of oil-in-oil inhibiting additives. These may be typical phenolic or amine antioxidants, or even Schiff base type additives, such as those described above. copyright 151 630. Bearing oils are characterized by several qualitative data. In addition to the viscosity, this is the freezing temperature, the number and the flash point. They do not prescribe a viscosity index, no oxidation stability for them, which does not require a deeper refining to provide substantially ibafarba and not to exceed a limited acid value. The most common bearing oils are usually produced from paraffinic oils by evaporation of distillates and their mild hydrogenation or adsorption treatment.

In a number of cases, the selective raffinates are used as starting materials for the preparation of quality oil deposits, especially in cases where their higher oxidation stability and higher viscosity index are required · In literature [Kabeš V., Ná-tř P., Šmid J. , Toman V., Oil and Coal 15,664, (1973)] described and introduced a practice as a so-called furxvangology by mixing. a raffinate stream (containing a high index oil) and a pseudora finate (containing a medium index oil), followed by separating the solvent and paraffinizing the oil with a viscosity index of about 70 units. This process takes into account its technological cumbersomeness and the economic disadvantage is no longer used. Likewise, selective furfural refinements are carried out at temperatures of usually 100 ° C to provide extracts in paraffinic oil treatments having relatively high solidification temperatures, which, without dewaxing, precludes their use for conventional bearing shells. V čsl. No. 208,923, 208,924, 214,627, 239,848, 245,333, 248,204, and 253,410 disclose ways in which extracts or re-extracts of reduced heat may be derived from paraffinic oils from other products. the solidification by selective refining of furfura-lom. In the cited cases, it is either a co-production of high and medium index hafinate, whereby a lower freezing point extract or an extract extract is produced for the preparation of oil for rubber purposes.

The freezing temperatures of the extracts and, in particular, of the re-extracts can be reduced by about 8 ° C by a moderate hydrogenation on Ni-Mo, Co-Mo, Ni-W sulphide catalysts (Art. No. 193 731). materials such as extracts and the most reextracts produced from paraffinic petroleum refractory temperatures are not typical "solid" freezing temperatures; there is a considerable influence of viscosity and oil composition. In the hydrogenation of extracts and re-extracts, mainly due to the removal of heteroatoms from the condensation structures, there is a reduction in viscosity and other changes that lead to a lowering of the freezing temperatures of the products, even with such mild reaction conditions that in the dewaxed distillates raffinates may even increase the freezing point.

The process of the present invention is advantageous in that it permits, by selective refining of paraffinic distillates, the preforms of the above mentioned bearing oils. According to the present invention, the oil distillate is refined with furfural in a counter-current extraction apparatus at an oil-furfural weight ratio of 1: 0.7 to 2 and a temperature of 50 to 80 ° C, to use a temperature gradient in extractor to 25 ° C, where after the distillation of the solvent from the raffinate solution, a raffinate is obtained which after evaporation, affinity has a viscosity index of 65 to 75 units and the solvent is removed from the solution by extraction, a heat is obtained with a freezing point of -4 to 10 ° C. Quality oils are prepared from the raffinate after being dewaxed to -10 to 0 ° C. Extract that is used to prepare conventional bearing oils is not

Claims (3)

2 S is paraffinized but is hydrotreated separately or after dilution with a suitable oil having a freezing point of -10 to 0 ° C and a viscosity at 40 ° C of 10 to 100 mm 2 s -1 and / or heavy gas oil at freezing point 10 ° C and hydrotreated. The thus obtained semi-finished product can be additive. Especially suitable for this case are additives which act simultaneously as temperature-lowering agents and increasing the viscosity index. The selective refining conditions of the present invention make it possible to obtain a refinery with a high yield of 80 to 85%, which, together with the possibility of using the extract without the necessity of dewaxing it as a starting material for bearing oils, will be reflected very positively in the economy of both types of oil production. . Further details on the procedure and material properties are apparent from the examples. EXAMPLE 1 A co-production of bearing oil-grade and conventional was used a distillate-paraffinic petroleum distillate having a viscosity at 40 ° C of 35.12 mm 2 s -1, which was countercurrently refined with furfural at a temperature in the lower 55 55 C fraction and at the top of 67 ° C. with a furfural-oil weight ratio of 1.2: 1, while obtaining a graffinate in 83% yield. The raffinate, which, after paraffinizing, had a freezing point of -8 ° C and a viscosity index of 72, was further hydrogenated and used to produce quality bearing oils. In the described selective refining, the extract obtained had a viscosity at 40 ° C of 147.2 mm 2 s -1 and a solidification temperature of 82 ° C - 4 ° C. This extract was subjected to hydrogenation refinement on a Ni-Mo catalyst at 300 ° C, a volume rate of 1.1 h 1 and a pressure of 4.5 MPa. A semi-finished product was obtained at 40 ° C 83.21 mm 2 s -1 and a solidification temperature of -10 ° C, which was used as a component for the production of conventional bearing oils. prescribed for this type of bearing oil. Example 2 The extract of the properties described in Example 1 was diluted in a weight ratio of 1: 1.5 with a dewaxed distillate of> 0 ° C, a viscosity at 40 ° C of 31.25mm 2 s -1. Hydrogenation on a Co-Mocatalyst at 290 ° C, a pressure of 3.4 MPa and a volume velocity of 1.2 h -1 yielded a product having a viscosity at 40 ° C of 45 ° C, 22 mm 2 s -1, a freezing temperature of -4 ° C and an acid number. 0.08 mg KOH / g, conforming to its qualitative characteristics as bearing oil. Example 1 and d 3 The extract of the properties described in Example 1 was diluted with a high gas oil temperature of 2 ° C in a ratio of 1: 1 by weight before hydrogenation refining and hydrogenation was carried out under conditions similar to those described in Example 1. After hydrotreating the product had a solidification temperature of -6 ° C and was used to prepare conventional bearing oils. SUBJECT MATERIAL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SULFUR-paraffinic petroleum bearing oils concurrently with quality oviscosity index 65 to 75 from raffinate and common from the extract by the process of countercurrent refining by furfural, characterized in that the oil distillate is refined at an oil-furfural ratio 1: 0.7 to 2 and a temperature of 50 to 80 ° C with a temperature gradient of 10 m in the extractor to 25 ° C, whereupon NA i, E is obtained after de-distillation of the solvent from the raffinate solution. -10 to 0 ° C, and after the solvent has been distilled off from the extract solution, an extract with a freezing point of 44 to 10 ° C is obtained which, or after dilution with an oil of ia10 to 0 ° C and a viscosity at 40 degrees Celsius of 10 to 100 mm 2s -1 and / or heavy gas oil of solidification temperature of 10 ° C is hydrogenated.