CS261370B1 - Granulated fertilizer for forests,parks,public gardens,vineyards and orchards with neutralizing effects - Google Patents

Abstract

The subject of the solution is a granular fertilizer Dro forests, parks, orchards, vinioe and gardens with neutralizing effects, characterized by in that it contains 50 to 75 wt. y> dolomite, or limestone of particle size to 0.5 mm, 5 to 10 wt. % superphosphate, 5 to 10 wt. % micronised phosphate; up to 20 wt. % of urea or urea-formaldehyde % of condensate and 5 to 10 wt. % potassium sulfate. Compacting homogenous mixtures of said raw materials are preferably carried out pellet granulation with granulometry the product is usually chosen in the range 2 to 4 mm. Physical properties of neutralizing fertilizers, ie granules hardness in. \ t dry state and their easy comminibility in water, can be improved by addition 2 to 10 wt. finely ground natural zeolite to the compressed mixture. Advantages The solution is the fact that using it of the described neutralizing fertilizer in a well applicable granular form, with the neutralization of soil acidity supply essential nutrients to the soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium.

Description

The invention relates to granular fertilizers for forests, parks, orchards, vineyards and gardens with neutralizing properties.

In the CSSR about 3.5 million tons of sulfur dioxide are released into the atmosphere annually, mainly by burning low-value coal in thermal power plants. Some of the sulfur dioxide is transmitted by long-distance transmission beyond the borders of our country, but approximately the same amount is brought from neighboring states to our territory. This situation has a significant negative impact on the environment. Currently, to quantify the damage caused by air pollution at 6 Hz 10 000 crowns / t S0 _second The occurrence of acid rain is relatively frequent not only in the immediate vicinity of air pollution sources, but also in remote, eg mountainous areas. This leads to a gradual acidification of soils and extensive damage to vegetation.

It is known that most plants require approximately neutral soil pH for healthy growth and that when the pH drops below 4, all vegetation perishes. Soil acidification in agriculture is prevented by regular liming or application of finely ground limestone, dolomitic limestone or dolomite. In forestry, the situation is more complicated because liming soil with mature vegetation is out of the question and the use of carbonate forms is limited. Finely ground raw materials that have a good neutralizing effect cannot usually be used, as wind currents would disperse fine particles around the wide surroundings. Conversely, coarser particles over 0.5 mm in the soil react slowly and thus have little effect on soil acidity.

These problems are solved by the present invention, which is based on granular fertilizer for forests, parks, orchards, vineyards and gardens with neutralizing effects, which contains 50 to 75% by weight. % dolomite or limestone with particle size up to 0.5 mm, 5 to 10 wt. % superphosphate, 5 to 10 wt. % micronised phosphate, up to 20 wt. % urea or urea-formaldehyde condensate and 5 to 10 wt. % of potassium sulfate. The homogeneous sBS of said raw materials is best compacted by compression granulation, whereby

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The granulometry of the article is usually chosen in the range of 2 to 4 mm. The coherence of the granules produced can be ensured either by the addition of a binder or by the use of a solid-state chemical reaction after compression. The invention makes use of the latter, powdered superphosphate and the admixtures contained therein react with micronized phosphate, dolomite, but also with urea. The granules produced must therefore be left for 1 to 2 days in a dry store after compression to allow the mixture to react well, thereby increasing the particle strength. As a result of the ongoing solid phase reactions after compression, the water-soluble form of PgOO is partially reduced, ^{and in the} plant-assimilable form of P ₂ O 0, it reaches at least 75% of the total content Ρ ₂ 0 ^. this is beneficial ⁱⁿ terms of longer-term impact and environmental aspects. The physical properties of the proposed neutralizing fertilizer, i.e. the dry hardness of the granules and their easy disintegration in water, can be further improved by adding finely ground natural zeolite to the compressed mixture. Moreover, due to its ion exchange and sorption properties, natural zeolite partially slows down the release of nutrients and limits their leaching by rainfall into surface and groundwater.

The use of a mixture of finely ground dolomite with urea, micronized phosphate, superphosphate and potassium sulphate is advantageous as, in addition to neutralizing soil acidity, the necessary nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and especially magnesium, which is deficient in most of our regions. Instead of the sources of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium used, it is equally possible to apply other raw materials depending on their cost and current availability. In particular, the substitution of well soluble urea with poorly soluble urea-formaldehyde condensate is preferred. The content of the neutralizing component in the granular fertilizer should always be 50 to 75% of the total weight of the mixture. For aerial liming of forests, high doses of crushed dolomitic limestone are used. In Beskydy and Jeseníky 3 t / ha are applied, in other localities higher doses are applied. Since the proposed fertilizer contains a neutralizing component in fine form, it reacts much better in the soil than commonly used

261 370 roughly crushed dolomitic limestone, its doses can be significantly reduced. Doses up to 1 to 2 t / ha of treated forest area are recommended. This delivers the optimum amount of nutrients to the soil and prevents over-fertilization of cultivated crops.

The content of nutrients and their content in granular fertilizers with neutralizing effects can be changed according to the customer's requirements and the purpose for which it will be used. The neutralizing fertilizer is primarily intended for forests, but it can also be used for neutralization and fertilization of agricultural land resources, parks, orchards, vineyards, hop gardens and gardens.

Example 1:

Mix 60 kg of finely ground dolomite, 5 kg of superphosphate powder, 10 kg of micronized phosphate, 17.5 kg of urea powder and 7.5 kg of potassium sulfate and homogenize well. The homogeneous mixture is then granulated by pressing at about 20 MPa. 2 to 4 mm particles are screened from the product and left in a dry store for two days to increase granule strength.

Parameters of produced fertilizer: MgO content 12.5%, CaO 18%, total. nitrogen.8%, total ? ₂ θ5 4 K ₂ 0 4%.

Example 2:

Mix 50 kg of finely ground dolomite, 10 kg of superphosphate powder, 9.5 kg of micronized phosphate, 11 kg of urea,

9.5 kg of potassium sulfate and 10 kg of finely ground natural zeolite are mixed well. The homogeneous mixture is then granulated by pressing at about 20 MPa. 2 to 4 mm particles are screened from the product and kept in a dry store for at least two days to increase granule strength.

Fertilizer parameters: MgO content 10.5%, CaO 15%, total. nitrogen 5%, total P ₂ 0 ₅ 5%, K ₂ 0 5%.

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Example 3:

261 370

Mix 60 kg of finely ground limestone, 10 kg of superphosphate powder, 9.5 kg of micronized phosphate, 11 kg of urea powder and 9.5 kg of potassium sulfate. The mixture is well homogenized and then granulated by pressing at about 20 MPa. 2 to 4 mm particles are screened from the product and kept in a dry store for at least two days to increase granule strength.

Parameters of produced fertilizer: CaO content 30%, total. nitrogen 5%, total P ₂ 0 ₅ 5%, K ₂ 0 5%.

Example 4:

70 kg of finely ground dolomite, 10 kg of urea-formaldehyde condensate, 6 kg of potassium sulfate, 10 kg of superphosphate powder and 5 kg of micronized phosphate are mixed and homogenized. The mixture is then granulated by pressing at about 20 MPa. 2 to 4 mm particles are screened from the product and kept in a dry store for at least two days to increase granule strength.

Parameters of produced fertilizer: MgO content 14.6%, CaO 21%, total. nitrogen 3,5%, total PgO ≥ 3.3%, K ₂ O 1.9%.

Claims (2)

Granular fertilizer for forests, parks, orchards, vineyards and gardens with neutralizing effects, characterized in that it contains 50 to 75 wt. % dolomite or limestone with particle size up to 0.5 mm, 5 to 10 wt. % superphosphate, 5 to 10 wt. 10 to 20 wt. % urea or urea-formaldehyde condensate and 5 to 10 wt. % of potassium sulfate. 2. Granular fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains from 2 to 10 wt. % ground natural zeolite.