CS261239B2 - Feed-stuffs from milk and milk products - Google Patents

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to feeds from milk and dairy products with extended resistance to harmful bacteria.

In animal husbandry, milk production, drinking milk recovery and milk processing, considerable amounts of so-called waste milk and waste products are generated. The following types of waste milk can be distinguished according to their origin and type: milk remaining in the stables, milk transported to the factory and acidified or otherwise unsuitable for consumption, unsold in the retail, ie the remaining milk or cocoa, in advance for the purposes of feeding obtained colostrum. Milk products suitable for feeding include buttermilk and whey.

These waste milk and dairy products are characterized by the fact that coliforms begin to reproduce after a short storage in the pH range of 6.2 to 6.8.

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In this natural fermentation, the total number of germs reaches 6 to 9x10, of which 3 to 4x10 are coli. The fermentation of coli-induced milk and the considerable content of these bacteria in milk results in the feeding of such products in many cases to gastrointestinal diseases, growth disturbances, impaired feed valorisation and a high number of deaths.

With regard to animal diseases and to prevent significant economic damage resulting from these diseases, the animal health legislation as well as scientific literature prescribe that animal waste, including waste milk and waste milk products, may only be used for feeding a heat treatment to reduce the number of coli bacteria and other disease agents.

The methods of heat treatment, elaborated in accordance with the provisions of the Act and the literature, did not bring the required success. By heating or heat treatment, colostrum and weakly acidic dairy products precipitated, the proteins contained coagulated and the colloidal components aged rapidly. This results in a curd-like precipitate whose new homogenization and use for feeding calves under practical animal husbandry conditions is no longer possible.

Given the state of the art, it would be possible to disperse the precipitated colloidal precipitate, but the product is cooled to below 38-36 ° C during machine processing, transport and storage. However, in the case of calves and sheep, liquid feed below 36 ° C will enter the rumen because the end of the digestive tube does not close. In the rumen the milk would rot and cause bloating or fatal disease in the animals.

It is also known from the literature that chemical treatment of colostrum and dairy products stored for a longer period of time without heat treatment is known. For preservation, formalin and hydrogen peroxide are used. However, the new animal and food hygiene regulations prohibited the use of both compounds to prevent food contamination.

The object of the invention was to prepare a feed by chemical removal of germs in waste milk and dairy products of various origins and processing stages under animal husbandry conditions, at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure, in an aquatic environment, free of food pollution and of any age.

Disadvantages of the present invention have been overcome and the object of the invention has been achieved with milk and dairy products of various origins with extended resistance to harmful bacteria according to the invention, which comprises, based on the total weight of the feed, formic acid in a concentration of 0, 01 to 0.5% and / or propionic acid at a concentration of 0.1 to 5.0% by weight and also fumaric, phosphoric, lactic, malic, tartaric, ascorbic, citric and sorbic acids individually or mixtures thereof in a total weight concentration of 0, 1 to 5.0%.

The invention is based on the discovery that in a liquid system, formic acid and propionic acid molecules first adhere to the surface of microorganisms as a result of adsorption, then penetrate the cell membrane and prevent the activity of protoplasmic enzymes in the body of the bacteria. These compounds also initiate oxidative processes in the cell membrane and plasma. Enzyme inhibition and oxidation processes interfere with the metabolism of vital microorganisms. As a result of a metabolic disorder, the vegetative form of the microorganism dies or stops reproducing. The end result is a decrease in the number of germs in the milk.

A critical part of this process is the migration of formic acid or propionic acid through the cell wall. The proportion passed has been greater for both compounds as more undissociated molecules are present. This depends on the fact that the lipoprotein membrane of microbial cells will release more undissociated lipophilic molecules than stronger hydrophilic ions. Undissociated formic acid and propionic acid molecules also disperse more rapidly in the protoplasm.

The dissociated proportion of formic acid and propionic acid can also be increased by lowering the pH to 3.3-5.6. Therefore, strong organic or inorganic acids with a high buffering capacity, for example ascorbic acid, citric acid, sorbic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, phosphoric acid, fumaric acid, are added to the waste milk as an adjuvant.

As can be further seen, the acids used, i.e. formic acid and propionic acid, as well as the adjuvant, do not only act to reduce the germs, but also activate the milk protein and improve its digestibility. Waste milk treated in this way can be taken up by growing infants without digestive disorders, even if its temperature differs from ambient temperature. This is because increasing the concentration of hydrogen ions acts as a chemical irritant to the mucosa of the digestive system, thereby causing a reflex of closing the end of the digestive tube during liquid acquisition. Acid-treated dairy products bypass the rumen and get directly into the stomach, where digestion takes place without the disturbances expected in the anterior stomach.

Furthermore, it has been found in the feed according to the invention that chemical preservation as opposed to heat treatment does not reduce the feed value of the product and therefore it is possible to use canned products as feed for animals of any age. The product does not contain coarse, clumpy protein clots. Chemically preserved waste milk and chemically preserved milk products can be added to the feed in any ratio.

In the preparation of the feed according to the invention, it is possible to add formic acid in a concentration of 0.01 to 0.5% by weight or propionic acid in a concentration of 0.1 to 5.0% to waste milk or milk products of different origins as well as as an adjuvant in a weight concentration of 0.1 to 5.0% fumaric acid, phosphoric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, ascorbic acid, citric acid, sorbic acid or mixtures of the listed acids. The acids added to the waste milk or milk products are mixed and the whole is left to stand for at least 1 hour at pH 3.2 to 5.6.

On standing, a fine precipitate precipitates in the solution. The suspension, which tends to settle, is mixed prior to use and then mixed directly without pre-heating at an ambient temperature of the animal housing, at least 15 ° C, in any proportion to the feed or directly fed preferably with young animals or animals of any age.

According to one embodiment of the feed according to the invention, a mixture is prepared from formic acid or propionic acid, as well as from the abovementioned acids added as adjuvants for the removal of the seeds in dairy products. The mixture is applied to an inorganic or organic carrier, for example flour of vegetable origin or clay. This premix is then mixed with the waste milk and / or dairy products in a ratio such that the formic acid is adjusted to a concentration of 0.01 to 0.5% by weight, or propionic acid to a concentration of 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, and a quantity of other of the acids used as adjuvants or mixtures of these acids in a concentration by weight of 0.1 to 5.0%.

The dairy product and the premix are mixed together and allowed to stand at temperatures above 15 ° C for at least one hour at a pH of 3.2 to 5.6. Prior to use, the slurry tending to settle is stirred. It can then be used directly for animal feed or mixed with feed.

According to another variant of the feed according to the invention, 10 to 50 parts by weight of formic acid or propionic acid or a mixture thereof are mixed with 10 to 50 parts by weight of fumaric acid, lactic acid, phosphoric acid or mixtures thereof and 20 to 30 parts by weight of feed flour and this mixture. is added to the waste milk or dairy products at a concentration of 0.7 to 1.2% by weight.

The dairy products preserved by the process of the invention may be fed by young or adult animals at ambient temperature without prior heating or may be mixed in any proportion to other feed.

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1

To the waste milk or dairy products such as buttermilk, whey, colostrum, sour and residual milk, milk cocoa, etc., formic acid at a concentration of 0,01% by weight and fumaric acid at a concentration of 0 are added as a preservative at ambient temperature, 1%. The mixture was stored. Total germ counts and coli counts are determined before and 72 hours after preservation.

The product exhibited the following microbiological parameters:

PH before germ removal 4.2-6.8 after chemical treatment and 72 hours storage 4.2-4.6

Germs in 1 g of total E. coli mixture

6x10 ⁸ 3x10 ² L, 6x10 ² Example 2

The procedure of Example 1 was followed except that formic acid at a weight concentration of 0.3% and fumaric acid at a weight concentration of 0.2% were used as the preservative.

Microbiological parameters of the product:

PH before embryo removal 4.2-6.8 after chemical processing and 72 hours storage 3.8-4.2

Germs in 1 g of total E. coli mixture

8x10 ⁹ 4x10 ³ l, 2x! 0 ²

Example 3

The procedure was as in Example 1 except that formic acid at a weight concentration of 0.5% and fumaric acid at a weight concentration of 0.5% were used as the preservative.

Microbiological parameters of the product:

PH prior to embryo removal 4.2-6.8

Germs in 1 g of total E. coli mixture

7x10® 2x10®

Germs in 1 g of total E. coli mixture

0,9x10 ² continued table

PH after chemical processing and 72-hour storage 3.2

Example 4

The procedure of Example 1 was followed except that propionic acid at a weight concentration of 0.3% and fumaric acid at a weight concentration of 0.2% were used as the preservative.

Microbiological parameters of the product:

pH Germs in 1 g mixture total E, coli from germs 4,2-6,8 9x10 ⁷ 3x10 ² after chemical processing and 72 hour storage 3.6 2xl0 ² -

Example 5

The procedure was as described in Example 1 except that formic acid at a weight concentration of 0.3% or propionic acid at a weight concentration of 0.3% was used as a preservative, followed by fumaric acid at a weight concentration of 0.1%, lactic acid. 0.1 wt%, phosphoric acid 0.1 wt%, tartaric acid 0.1 wt% and citric acid 0.1 wt%.

Microbiological parameters of the product:

PH before germ removal 4.2-6.8 after chemical processing and 72 hour storage 3.2

Germs in 1 g of total E. coli mixture

7x10 ⁷ 4x10 ³

0.6x10 ² Example 6

The procedure described in Example 1 was followed except that propionic acid at a weight concentration of 5%, fumaric acid at a weight concentration of 0.1%, lactic acid at a weight concentration of 0.1%, phosphoric acid at a weight concentration were used as the preservative. 0.1%, citric acid 0.1% by weight, tartaric acid 0.1% by weight, malic acid 0.1% by weight, and sorbic acid 0.1% by weight.

Microbiological parameters of the product:

PH Germs in 1 g mixture before germ removal 4,2-6,8 total 7xl0 ⁷ E. coli 4x10 ³ after chemical processing and 72 hour storage 3.2 0,6xl0 ²

Example 7

In a kneader, a concentrate of 2 formic acid at 30% by weight, fumaric acid at 45% by weight, and feed flour at 25% by weight were prepared, which consisted of soy flour, extracted soybean flour, wheat flour and corn flour. Of this concentrate, 0.7-1.2% by weight of milk product was added. The total germ count and coli count as well as pH were determined before preservation as well as after chemical treatment and then after 72 hours of storage.

Microbiological parameters of the product:

PH Germs in 1 g of the mixture total E. coli before germ removal 4,2-6,8 7x10® 3xl0 ² after chemical processing and 72 hour storage 3.2 2xl0 ² - Example 8 With dairy products p chemically removed germs according to examples 1 to 7 were

Deny feeding experiments on newborn calves. The animals received only colostrum in the first week, receiving 2x3 liters of dairy product with chemically removed germs from the second to eighth week, plus calf and hay feed to calves on week 9, and 1x4 liters of dairy calf and hay feed to feed on week 9 and from the tenth week only feed for calves and hay to taste.

Weight gain of experimental animals (F ^ - Hungarian varieties x Friesholstein)

Week Calf feed (kg) Hay (kg) Weight gain (kg / week) 2. 2.9 3. - - 3.0 4. 3.9 0.86 3.5 5. 4.3 1.40 4.2 6. 6.7 2.10 4.7 7. 9.0 2.40 5.1 8. 12.8 3.20 5.5 9. 15.0 3.50 6.5 10. 16.0 3.80 6.0

Feed evaluation and metabolism of nitrogen were measured on three animals in the third week. The animals gained an average of 3.9 to 4.3 kg per week, which corresponds to a daily weight gain of 643 g. The following table shows the results of feed evaluation and nitrogen metabolism. Percentages are given in weight concentration.

Parameter Diameter X Scattering + Variation % Feed evaluation: dry matter (%) 96.90 3.45 4.30 organic matter (%) 96.80 1.90 4.32 Crude protein (%) 95.40 2.20 3.57 Crude fat (%) 98.50 5.30 6.40 Nitrogen-free precipitate 99.00 4.80 6.20

continued table

Parameter Diameter X Scattering + Variation % Nitrogen: daily protein G 145.20 (%) 99.00 4.32 4.32 nitrogen residue (%) 72.20 3.27 4.35 daily upgraded nitrogen (g) 23,00 1.60 4.85 daily residual nitrogen (g) 16.52 1.45 4.82 nitrogen recovery (%) 73.90 1.20 1.84

A similar increase was also observed in 3 animals 5 weeks of age. Their weight gain / week was 5.2 to 5.7 kg, the daily weight gain was 756 g on average.

are shown in the following table. Parameter The percentages are in weight concentration. Variation % Diameter X Scattering + Feed evaluation: dry matter (%) 95.80 2.80 3.82 organic matter (%) 97.00 1.80 4.17 Crude protein (%) 96.00 2.00 4.20 Crude fat (%) 97.00 2.60 3.20 Nitrogen-free precipitate (%) 96.00 1.80 2.60 Nitrogen: daily quantity received Crude protein (%) 217,00 nitrogen recovery (%) 96.00 1.85 4.20 residual nitrogen (%) 63.90 2.20 4.88 daily upgraded nitrogen (g) 34.10 1.70 3.84 daily residual nitrogen (g) 22,00 1.70 2.80 nitrogen recovery (%) 66.02 1.79 3.24

Example 9

Waste milk or dairy products which have reached the shelf life of Examples 1 to 7 were fed to adult animals either alone or in admixture with various feedstuffs. The average feed value of the products treated with germs so treated in this way is evident from the following summary. The percentages are in weight concentration.

Parameter Whey Milk

sweet sour full fat centrifuged water content (%) 92.8 93.4 87.6 89.9 Crude protein (%) 1.0 1.0 3.5 3.9 Crude fat (%) 0.8 0.2 3.5 0.7 Crude ash (%) 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 digestible protein (%) 0.9 0.9 3.4 3.8 starch value kg / 100 kg 7.0 6.0 16.4 9.0

The most important advantages of the feed according to the invention can be summarized as follows.

Hitherto developed and known methods of heat treatment of waste milk and dairy products of various origin for feeding purposes in order to reduce the number of germs are extremely expensive in energy and equipment. Also, heat treatment is in most cases unsuitable because acidified dairy products are sterilized, but milk protein is excreted in the form of large lumps. This precipitate clogs the process equipment used for processing, and the preserved product cannot be recovered for technical reasons.

The feed according to the invention can be achieved very cheaply, with energy savings and practically under any conditions feasible, chemical reduction of the number of germs. Due to chemical processing, the protein is present in the form of a finely dispersed suspension. This protein, excreted in the form of fine flakes, does not clog technological equipment such as suction line, sprayer, etc. The product obtained can be used directly in animal breeding stations as feed or can be added to feed. Acids added for disinfection increase the digestibility of the protein.

Furthermore, it is an advantage of the feed according to the invention that the dairy-free dairy products can be fed without heating at the temperature existing at the animal husbandry station, both calves and lambs. The ability to recover germ-free waste milk according to the invention from cold, saves energy and invests.

Feeding calves and lambs with milk and germ-poor dairy products can prevent digestive system diseases and deaths. The addition of chemically-germinated products to feedingstuffs shall not exceed the total number of embryos of mixed feed and the feed shall be marketable.

Claims (1)

SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION Milk and milk product feed with extended resistance to harmful bacteria, characterized in that it contains, based on the total weight of the feed, formic acid in a concentration of 0.01 to 0.5% by weight and / or propionic acid in a concentration of 0.1 to 0.5% by weight As well as fumaric, phosphoric, lactic, malic, tartaric, ascorbic, citric and sorbic acids individually or mixtures thereof in a total weight concentration of 0.1 to 5.0%.