CS258242B1 - Cold cleaning method of parts - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of cold cleaning of parts, especially metal parts, from substances of petroleum and vegetable origin with water without heating, with the addition of a small amount of surfactants 0.0001% to 2% to substances of petroleum, animal or vegetable origin in the last operation above cleaning the parts with a stream of cold water, and/or with the co-action of ultrasound.

Description

The present invention relates to a method of cleaning parts of a cold, especially metal, of petroleum, animal and plant origin by water without heating, using surfactants and subsequently cleaning with a stream of cold water.

Nowadays, contaminated parts are mainly cleaned in the machine industry in several ways. These are, in particular, methods of purification in organic solvents, with or without heating, in alkaline aqueous solutions with bath heating, acids and subsequent neutralization, as well as with water with the addition of surfactants. Cold water cleaning can be carried out in cases where substances of petroleum, animal or vegetable nature, but most often petroleum oil already contain an additive that makes it easy to wash.

They are eg. oil hardening. Czechoslovak author certificate 208 821 discloses a hardening oil containing 2 to 20 wt. of oxyethylated alcohols or alkylphenols in combination with sodium methacrylate in mineral oil. Next MS. No. 209,143 discloses an oil additive to ensure their aqueous washability based on a surfactant mixture. U.S. Pat. No. 3,454,496 discloses a lubricating composition having self-cleaning properties and is prepared by reacting the products of polyalkene succinimides, polyalkyleneamine with formaldehyde and phenol.

Also used in the literature are compositions which are used to clean and degrease metallic materials. Among other additives, they also contain surfactants (U.S. Pat. No. 39,009,437, No. 220,985). According to European patent 0 113 442, based on US patent 3,551,204, the metal parts of the thermal lubricant are cleaned by a composition containing 0.1 to 3 parts by weight of water, 3 to 7 parts by weight of alkali metal hydroxide, 96.9 to 90 parts by weight of the surfactant by ultrasonication for 1 minute and the next step rinsing with water (to remove the cleaning composition) and air drying.

US 874 230 discloses a method of cleaning a part from polluted polytetrafluoroethylene by ultrasound at 40-70 ° C with surfactants for a period of 15 hours. up to 3 hours after previously heating the components to 80-100 ° C for about 20 minutes, then suddenly cooling the water to 10-40 ° C to crack and peel the polytetrafluoroethylene coating.

MS. No. 221,026 discloses a method of ultrasonic cleaning in solution or by spraying with an aqueous solution of a mixed, determined surfactant containing 0.000 l by weight. % to 1 wt. % in cold water.

The disadvantages of the cleaning methods mentioned above are, in particular, higher energy requirements for heating the cleaning baths, higher costs for the chemicals used for cleaning, and the costs associated with the disposal of the emulsions that arise during cleaning.

All the above-mentioned methods are based on cleaning baths of different composition, resp. for multi-stage cleaning even when hot. The proposed method of cleaning, unlike the previous ones, uses clean cold shower water or cold water with ultrasound.

When surfactants are added to water e.g. pod čs. No. 221,026, it is necessary to periodically remove fatty substances from the bath surface, thereby reducing the surfactant concentration in the water, which results in lower cleaning performance and therefore chemicals need to be replenished to the original concentration, which removes the new cleaning process. Also, in the case of the addition of surfactants in the cleaning of the components to an aqueous cleaning bath, their consumption is multiple compared to the cleaning method of the components of the present invention.

These drawbacks are remedied by the method of cold, especially metallic, cleaning of parts of petroleum, animal or plant origin using surfactants and subsequent cleaning with a stream of cold water for 1 to 30 minutes, which is based on the addition of surfactants to petroleum and / or 0.0001 to 2% by weight of animal and / or plant in the last technological operation prior to purification; to said substances. In terms of the quality of the cleaned parts, the cleaning method of the present invention is more efficient.

The amount of impurities after cleaning according to the invention on the surface of the parts is about 70% lower. This is due to the fact that the surfactants are evenly dispersed in the oil composition retained on the components after the last operation prior to cleaning (e.g., a preservative). The rinsing water, due to the low interfacial tension, removes the adhered layers from the surface of the parts and their cleaning is better than with the old method. In the new purification process, the lasting concentration of surfactants required for subsequent water purification is ensured. In the new purification process, the lasting concentration of surfactants required for subsequent water purification is ensured.

The released preservative floating on the surface of the purification water is discharged to the incineration tank or to the farm's oil waste. Only circulating water for cleaning is added. In circulating water, the amount of surfactants passed through diffusion or resp. by dissolution from a preservative or grease that has been on the surface of the components is small and is in continuous use for cleaning.

It has been found that the use is not limited to certain types of surfactants, but is of a general nature and can be used nonionic, anionic, cationic and ampholytic surfactants, or mixtures thereof.

It can be used in the engineering industry as well as in other industries where the parts need to be degreased.

The following examples show some possibilities of using the invention:

Example 1

The components are pressed using petroleum oil with kinematic viscosity at 30 ° C,

5.3 mm ² .s ^-3 (oil PO) to which 0.000 1 wt. the X-O (CHH OO) (CHHgO) _z surfactants _of H, where X is an alkyl having a carbon number of 10 to 16, is 10 to 6. The components are cleaned in a Hydromatikus in a first pass by spraying with cold water for 1 minute and passivated in a second pass in a 3% aqueous solution with a mixture of sodium silicates and sodium phosphates (Alkon A) without heating.

For comparison, the parts after pressing are cleaned in an aqueous solution in 5 wt. Alkon A for 10 minutes at 80-90 ° C.

In the cleaning method according to the invention, the cleanliness of the components is 60% better than in the comparative cleaning.

Example 2

The bearing rings are superfinished with oil of kinetic viscosity at 20 ° C. 10 mm ² .s ³ to which 0.002% by weight is added. % surfactants of 50 wt. % oxyethylated nonylphenol surfactant with 9 moles of ethylene oxide and 50 wt. sodium alkyltetraglycol ether sulfate. After superfinishing, the rings are cleaned with cold water without heating for 9 minutes with a flow with a Reinolds number of 2,500.

For comparison, the bearing rings are superfinished using oil. After superfinishing, the rings are scrubbed in 0.1% wt. of a surfactant of the same composition in an aqueous solution without heating for 10 minutes.

The quality of the cleaned bearing rings is 50% better in the cleaning method of the invention than in the comparative method.

Example 3

The components are superfinished with a mixture of lanolin and corundum abrasive, adding 0.03 wt. % surfactants of 30 wt. % acetylmethylpyridinium bromide and 70 wt. of a fatty alcohol having a carbon number of 10-15 oxyethylated with 4 moles of ethylene oxide.

After superfinishing the parts are cleaned with cold water in the washing machine for 20 minutes. Passivacy follows.

For comparison, the superfinished parts are machine washed in 4 wt. aqueous solution of a mixture of sodium silicates and sodium phosphates at 90-95 ° C for 20 minutes. The rings are 80% cleaner in the purification method of the invention than in the comparative purification method.

Example 4

Preserve the components with petroleum oil with kerosene diluent with a kinetic viscosity of 20 ° C of 45 mm ³ .s ³ with the addition of 3 wt. surfactants (soaps) CjjHjj COONa. After storage for 3 to 6 months, the components are deconserved with cold water in an ultrasonic washing machine for 5 minutes. Passivation follows. For comparative oil-cured components for 3 to 6 months storage, deconserve a mixture of phosphates, sodium tetraborate, nitrite, emulsifier and flotation agents at 85 ° C in an ultrasonic scrubber. Passivation follows. The components cleaned according to the process of the invention are 70% cleaner than the comparative process.

Example 5

The bearing parts are quenched with petroleum oil having a kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C of 34 mm @ ^-1 with ¹ oil to which quench is added, to which 0.02 wt. sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate soap. After opacification, the components are cleaned with water in a washing machine without heating in the first bath, and in the second cold bath with an aqueous solution of 3% by weight. mixtures of sodium metasilicate and sodium phosphates for passivation. This is followed by tempering at 160 ° C.

For comparison, the components are hardened with quenching oil when hardened. After quenching, the parts are cleaned with an aqueous solution of 5 wt. a mixture of sodium silicates and sodium phosphates at 85-95 ° C in two baths of the same composition for 30 minutes. 10 minutes followed by tempering in a tunnel oven at 160 ° C. The cleaning quality according to the invention is 45% better than in the comparative method.

Claims (1)

EXAMPLE 3 The components are superfined with a mixture of lanolin and corundum abrasives, with 0.03% by weight added. of surfactants having a composition of 30 wt. acetylmethylpyridinium bromide and 70 wt. a fatty alcohol having an alkyl number of 10 to 15 oxyethylated with 4 moles of ethylene oxide. After superfinishing, they are cleaned with cold water in the machine for 20 minutes. Following the passivation. For comparison, superfinished parts are cleaned in a washing machine at 4% by weight. an aqueous solution of sodium silicate and sodium phosphate at 90 to 95 ° C for 20 minutes. The rings are cleaner in the purification process of the invention than in the purification comparison method. EXAMPLE 4 We preserve the components with petroleum oil with a kerosene diluent with a kinetic viscosity of 20 ° C of 45 mm 3 with a 3 wt. the surfactant (soaps) CjHjj COONa. After storage for 3 to 6 months, preserve the components with cold water in an ultrasonic washing machine for 5 minutes. Followed by passivation. For oil-preserved comparative components after storage for 3 to 6 months, preserve in an ultrasonic washing machine in an aqueous solution of phosphate, sodium tetraborate, nitrite, emulsifier and flotation agents at 85 ° C. Followed by passivation. The components of the process according to the invention are 70% pure in the comparative manner. Example 5 Bearing components are quenched with petroleum oil having a kinematic viscosity at 50 [deg.] C. of 34 mm < -1 > with an oil to which 0.02 wt. sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. After quenching, the parts are cleaned with water in the washing machine without heating in the first bath, in the second bath with cold aqueous solution of 3% by weight. mixtures of sodium metasilicate and phosphate sodium for passivation. This is followed by tempering at 160 ° C. For comparison, the quenching components are quenching oil. After quenching, the parts are purified by an aqueous solution of 5% by weight. a mixture of sodium silicate and sodium phosphate at 85 to 95 ° C in two baths of the same composition for 30 minutes. After 10 minutes, follow in the tunnel furnace at 160 ° C. The cleaning quality of the invention is 45% better than in the comparative manner. SUBJECT MATERIALS A method of cleaning cold parts, in particular metal, from oil, animal or vegetable matter using surfactants followed by a cold water stream for 1 to 30 minutes, characterized in that surfactants are added to the oil / animal and / or plants for the last technological operation prior to purification in an amount of 0.000 to 2% by weight. for these substances. Severografia, n. P., MOST Price 2,40 Kcs