CS256935B1 - Method of heat exchangers utilization and equipment for realization of this method - Google Patents

Method of heat exchangers utilization and equipment for realization of this method Download PDF

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Publication number
CS256935B1
CS256935B1 CS421884A CS421884A CS256935B1 CS 256935 B1 CS256935 B1 CS 256935B1 CS 421884 A CS421884 A CS 421884A CS 421884 A CS421884 A CS 421884A CS 256935 B1 CS256935 B1 CS 256935B1
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CS
Czechoslovakia
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channels
hjih
heat
heat transfer
φηγ
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CS421884A
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Czech (cs)
Inventor
Juergen Lang
Gunter Schertz
Klaus Fiebach
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Juergen Lang
Gunter Schertz
Klaus Fiebach
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Application filed by Juergen Lang, Gunter Schertz, Klaus Fiebach filed Critical Juergen Lang
Publication of CS256935B1 publication Critical patent/CS256935B1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/08—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)

Description

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CymHOCTh H306peTeHHH Η3θ6ρβΤβΗΗβ HBJíneŤČH peineHHeM SaflaHH, CýopMYJIHpOBaHHOH uejlbio Η3θ6ρετεΗΗΗ,KOTopaH coctoht B/pa3pa6oTKe cnoco6a npHMGHeHHH τεπηοοδΜεΗΗΗΚΟΒ h Heo6xoan-Moň ycTaHOBKH TennonepeflanH, κο,τορωε rapaHTHpyioT 3amnTy ot BaTbiKaHiia b cTpyfl-KaHanax hjih β nacTax τ&ίθηηη TennoHocHTena, a Tax«e ot 3arpa3HeHHH h nocne-flOBaTejibHoro nocTeneHHoro 33τηκβηηη κοΗτβκτιιωχ noBGpxHocTeň ycTaHOBKH Ťerr-jionepeflanH npn mcjikhx nacTHuax rpa3H b TenjioHQCHTejie. flajiee ΗεοόχοβΗΜΟ bmh-BHTb BO3MOJKHOCTb ΙΗΗρΟΚΟΓΟ npHMGHGHHH 3ΤΟΗ yCTaHOBKH B MHCTMX, MajlO 3arpH3~HeHHblX H BblCOKO 3arpH3HeHHbIX TenJlOHOCHTeJlHX ΠΡΗ 6oJlbMOH 3φφθΚΤΗΒΗθεΤΗ τεπηο-nepefl-anH η o6ecneaeHHH nocTóaHHbix ygjiobhh TennonepeftanH fla»e β cjiyqaax aac- ' ΤΟΓΟ H3MGHGHHH paCXOfla TenJIOHOCHŤejIH , HanpHMGp, B Tpy6onpOBO«aX CTOHHblX BOfl.. 0co6o BaMHblM 3JieMGHTOM peajIHSaAHH 3ΤΟΓΟ Τρε6θΒ3ΗΗΗ HBJÍHeTCH yMGHbU18HHG ΠΟ“CymHOCTh H306peTeHHH Η3θ6ρβΤβΗΗβ HBJíneŤČH peineHHeM SaflaHH, CýopMYJIHpOBaHHOH uejlbio Η3θ6ρετεΗΗΗ, KOTopaH coctoht B / pa3pa6oTKe cnoco6a npHMGHeHHH τεπηοοδΜεΗΗΗΚΟΒ h Heo6xoan-mon ycTaHOBKH TennonepeflanH, κο, τορωε rapaHTHpyioT 3amnTy rpm BaTbiKaHiia b cTpyfl-KaHanax hjih β nacTax τ & ίθηηη TennoHocHTena and Tax "e rt 3arpa3HeHHH h nocne-flOBaTejibHoro nightTeneHHoro 33τηκβηηη κοΗτβκτιιωχ noBGpxHocTen ycTaHOBKH Terr-jionepeflanH npn mcjikhx nacTHuax rpa3H b TenjioHQCHTejie. flajiee ΗεοόχοβΗΜΟ BMH-BHTb BO3MOJKHOCTb ΙΗΗρΟΚΟΓΟ npHMGHGHHH 3ΤΟΗ yCTaHOBKH B MHCTMX, majli 3arpH3 ~ H HeHHblX BblCOKO 3arpH3HeHHbIX TenJlOHOCHTeJlHX ΠΡΗ 6oJlbMOH 3φφθΚΤΗΒΗθεΤΗ τεπηο nepefl-η-Anh o6ecneaeHHH nocTóaHHbix ygjiobhh TennonepeftanH fla »e β cjiyqaax aac- 'ΤΟΓΟ H3MGHGHHH paCXOfla TenJIOHOCHŤejIH, HanpHMGp B Tpy6onpOBO «aX CTOHHblX BOFL .. 0co6o BaMHblM 3JieMGHTOM peajIHSaAHH 3ΤΟΓΟ ερε6θΒ3ΗΗΗ HBJÍHeTCH yMGHbU18HHG ΠΟ“

Tepb naBJíeHHH npH tghghhh TennoHocHTejia no KananaM τεπηοο$ΜεΗΗΗΚ3 ηγτεΜ co- oŤBGTCTBywmoFO KOHCTpyHpoBaHHH 3JIGMGHTOB TeruionepeflanH. ^Η3ο6ρετεΗΗε ρεπιβετ 3Ty 3aflaqy c noMombio cbo6oaho flBHxymHxca, 3aBHcaniHX ottghghhh TeiuioHocHTejia κοητβκτημχ noBepxHocTGň b cTpyňKaHanax TenJiooóMeHHH-ka.. T.e. ycraHOBKa τεπηοοβΜεΗΗΗκε coctoht H3 sjíéMeHTOB flJia τεπηοηερε^βΗΗ,HBJlHÍomHGCH OflHHM HJIH HGCKOJTbKHMH HJIHHHblMH, ^JiaHrOO6pa3HbIMH HJIH pa3HOFO CGHC“hhh.KaHanaMH tchghhh H3 anacTHHHoro MaTepnana... Β ηερΒΟΜ npaKTHHGCKOM PGHIGHHH Η3θ0ρεΤβΗΗΗ 3J1GMGHT TanjlOncpGflanH, HMeKMUHHOflHH SJíaCTHHGCKHH KaHaJI TGHCHHH C HaCTHMH npHCOCflHHGHHH Β 060HX KOHItaX, ΠρΗ-COeflHHHGTCH K llGHTpajlbHOMY paCnpGflGJIHTGJnO nOflaiOUGrO XOfla Η K paenpGflGJIHTGJBOoSpaTHoro xofla τεπηοΗοοΗτεη». PacnpejiejiHTejiH nonaiomero h oópaTHoro xoaob pa3MGtHeHt»I BHYTPH HJIH CHapyjKH CTpyftxaHaJia C TGnjIOHOCHTeJieM H HBJ1HI0TCH KOM-njlCKCHblM 3JIGM8HTOM YCTaHOBKH TGnJIOOĎMGHHHKa. -BTOPOH BapHaHT npaKTHHGCKOrO npHMeHeHHH H3o6pGTGHHH, ripH KOTOPOM SJICMGHTτεπηοπερεΑΗΗΗ ΗΜβετ HecKOJibKO ajiacTHnccKHX xaHanoB τεΠεΗΗΗ, npHCOGflHHGHHbixb nynoK, xapaKTGpH3OBaH tgm, hto hmbiotch hphcogahhghhh TOJibxo b oahom KOHuexaHajia, Apyroň kohbh κοροτκο 3aMbiKaGT noAaroniHH h o6paTHbiň cTpyňxaHajibi τεππο- ' HOCHTGJIH B TCnJIOO6MGHHHK8.KaHajIbl HaxOAHTCH JiymnG BCGro Β πγηκε ΟΑΗΟΗ ΓΟΡΗ3ΟΗ-Tepb naBJíeHHH npH tghghhh TennoHocHTejia no KananaM τεπηοο $ ΜεΗΗΗΚ3 ηγτεΜ co- oŤBGTCTBywmoFO KOHCTpyHpoBaHHH 3JIGMGHTOB TeruionepeflanH. Η3ο6ρετεΗΗε ρεπιβετ 3Ty 3aflaqy c noMombio cbo6oaho flBHxymHxca, 3aBHcaniHX ottghghhh TeiuioHocHTejia κοητβκτημχ noBepxHocTGn b cTpynKaHanax TenJiooMeHHH-ka .. T.e. ycraHOBKa τεπηοοβΜεΗΗΗκε coctoht H3 sjíéMeHTOB flJia τεπηοηερε ^ βΗΗ, HBJlHÍomHGCH OflHHM HJIH HGCKOJTbKHMH HJIHHHblMH, ^ JiaHrOO6pa3HbIMH HJIH pa3HOFO CGHC "hhh.KaHanaMH tchghhh H3 anacTHHHoro MaTepnana ... Β ηερΒΟΜ npaKTHHGCKOM PGHIGHHH Η3θ0ρεΤβΗΗΗ 3J1GMGHT TanjlOncpGflanH, HMeKMUHHOflHH SJíaCTHHGCKHH proboscis TGHCHHH C HaCTHMH npHCOCflHHGHHH Β 060HX KOHItaX , ΠρΗ-COeflHHHGTCH K llGHTpajlbHOMY paCnpGflGJIHTGJnO nOflaiOUGrO XOfla Η K paenpGflGJIHTGJBOoSpaTHoro xofla τεπηοΗοοΗτεη ». HNHYHPHHHHYTHHYHYHHHYHYHHHYTPH HJIH CHapyjKH CTpyphthaHaJia C TGnIHOHOCHTHeMH HBJ1HI0TCH KOM-njlCKCHblM 3JIGM8HTOM YCTaHOBKH TGnJIOOHMGHHHKa. -BTOPOH BapHaHT npaKTHHGCKOrO npHMeHeHHH H3o6pGTGHHH, ripH KOTOPOM SJICMGHTτεπηοπερεΑΗΗΗ ΗΜβετ HecKOJibKO ajiacTHnccKHX xaHanoB τεΠεΗΗΗ, npHCOGflHHGHHbixb nynoK, xapaKTGpH3OBaH TGM HTO hmbiotch hphcogahhghhh TOJibxo b oahom KOHuexaHajia, Apyroň kohbh κοροτκο 3aMbiKaGT noAaroniHH h o6paTHbiň cTpyňxaHajibi τεππο- 'HOCHTGJIH B TCnJIOO6MGHHHK8.KaHajIbl HaxOAHTCH JiymnG BCGro Β πγηκε ΟΑΗΟΗ ΓΟΡΗ3ΟΗ-

TaJIbHOň HJIH BepTHKaJIbHOň IIJIOCKOCTH H H3rOTOBJieHH H3 ΟΑΗΟΓΟ MflTGpHaJia, npcfl-nOHTHTeJIbHO H3 nJiaCTMaCCbl C TKaHGBblMH BKJHOHGHHHMH flJIH o6cCn8HGHHH BblCOKOňAOJirOBBHHOCTH. B OCHOBHOM BCTpGHaiOTCH flBa, TpH HJIH qGTblpe KaHaJia nOCJIBflOBa-TGJIbHO B OflHOň nJIOCKOCTHo fljia γτκπΗ33ΗΗΗ TGnna hs τεπποΗοοΗτεηεϋ mbhhk»hhx no bpbmghh pacxo« hjih Manoň 256935 CXOpOCTH ΤβΗβΗΗΗ ΠρβΑΠΟΗΤΗΤβΠΒΗΟ npHMeHHIOTCH ΤβΠΠΟθ0ΜβΗΗΗΧΗ C ΤρβΜΗ Χ3Η3Π3”ΜΗ Η C flOnOJIHHTejIbHblM CJienblM K3H3JI0M MeiCfly nOflatOIUHM Η οΟρβΤΗΜΜ XOflSMH, CO-flepxatuHM BenjeeTBo cooTBeTCTBywmee TennoHocHTejno no πποτηοοτη. TaxHM o6pa3oM,nonyneHHoe napamee cocToanne πρκ ΗβΗ3ΜβΗΗ0Μ hcxo^hom MaTepnane sneMeHTOBTennoo6MeHHHKa h BxnwneHHeM BemecTBa Mexny noflaiomuM h oSpaTHbw xogaMH τβππο-oQMeHHHxa, neňcTByiomero oflHOBpeMeHHo cnacaTenbHUM ΜβροπρΗΛΤΗβΜ προτηβ τβππο-SHepreTHnecxoro BoaneflcTBHH Ha CHCTeMy, ηβπηκιτοη cymecTBeHHbíMH pemeHHHMHflJiH nocTOHHHoro Tennoo.ČMeHa Ha 6onee bmcokom ypoBHe. OflHaxo cunraeTCH pene-coo6pa3HbtM HMSTb 3Ty cnocoĎHocTh napHTb Taxíce ππη xaHanoB aanonHeHHux non-hoctbk) TennoHocHTeneM, hto6m H36eraTb OonbtuHe cnnu τρβΗΗΗ, B03HHxaionnie Bpe3ynbTaTe flononHHTenbHo flefiCTByioiUHX noflbeMHbix cwi Meacny CTeHaMH xaHanoBη sneMeHTaMH TenjiooóMeHHHKa. KpoMe- nonyneHHoň' ποαβηχηοοτη η hoboh xoHCTpyx-flHH SHéMeHTOB TennOoCMeHHHXa, XOTOpbie HBJIHWTCH OCHOBOň 3φφβΚΤΒ C3MOOHHCTKHxoHTaxTHbtx noBepxHocTeň ycTaHOBXH co ctopohm TennoHócHTejw Taxíce, xax coCTopoHbí TennpyTHnHsauHH, ημθιοτοη eme Hecxonbxo αοοτοηηοτβ: - H3-3a cBoCoflHoň ποαβηχηοοτη sneMeHTOB TennooOMeHHHxa, T.e. H3-3a αβηχθηηη3thx aneMeHToB b HanpaBJíeHHH MHHHManbHoro conpoTHBneHHH, ημθιοτοη ManbierHApaBJíHnecxHe conpoTHBneHňH ycTaHOBXH, T.e. Manbie ποτβρΗ flaBneHHH. - 3φφβχτ ohhctxh momho.ynymnHTb πγτβΜ HSMéHeHHH noBepxHocTeň xaHanoB Hs-3aKpaTxoBpeMeHHoro ποπηχθημη ηπη noBbnneHHH flaBneHHH b xananax TennoHocHTenn. . TaxHM o6pa3OM ocymecTBnaeTCH Taxíce BoaMoXHoe οτποχβΗΗβ Μβηωχ qacTHň 3ar-’ ρΗ3ΗβΗΗΗ, Mexfly XOTOPbIMH fleňCTBýlOT SHaUHTenbHbie CHJIbl CHenneHHH1 H XOTOpbieHJIH HHIH BepTHKaJIHHUHJHOCKOCTH H H3rOTOBJieHH H3 ΗΟΓΟΑΗΟΓΟ MflTGpHaJia, npcfl-HHHHHHHHHHHHHHMH flJIH o6cCn8HGHHH BblCOKOnAOJirOBBHHOCTH. B OCHOBHOM BCTpGHaiOTCH FLBA, TPH HJIH qGTblpe KaHaJia nOCJIBflOBa-TGJIbHO B OflHOň nJIOCKOCTHo fljia γτκπΗ33ΗΗΗ TGnna hs τεπποΗοοΗτεηεϋ mbhhk »HHX no bpbmghh pacxo« hjih manneb 256935 CXOpOCTH ΤβΗβΗΗΗ ΠρβΑΠΟΗΤΗΤβΠΒΗΟ npHMeHHIOTCH ΤβΠΠΟθ0ΜβΗΗΗΧΗ C ΤρβΜΗ Χ3Η3Π3 "ΜΗ Η C flOnOJIHHTejIbHblM CJienblM K3H3JI0M MeiCfly nOflatOIUHM Η οΟρβΤΗΜΜ XOflSMH , CO-flepxatuHM BenjeeTBo cooTBeTCTBywmee TennoHocHTejno no πποτηοοτη. TaxHM o6pa3oM, nonyneHHoe napamee cocToanne πρκ ΗβΗ3ΜβΗΗ0Μ hcxo hom ^ MaTepnane sneMeHTOBTennoo6MeHHHKa h BxnwneHHeM BemecTBa Mexny noflaiomuM h oSpaTHbw xogaMH τβππο-oQMeHHHxa, neňcTByiomero oflHOBpeMeHHo cnacaTenbHUM ΜβροπρΗΛΤΗβΜ προτηβ τβππο-SHepreTHnecxoro BoaneflcTBHH Ha CHCTeMy, ηβπηκιτοη cymecTBeHHbíMH pemeHHHMHflJiH nocTOHHHoro Tennoo.ČMeHa Ha 6onee bmcokom ypoBHe. OflHaxo cunraeTCH foam-coo6pa3HbtM HMSTb 3Ty cnocoĎHocTh napHTb taxis ππη xaHanoB aanonHeHHux non-hoctbk) TennoHocHTeneM, hto6m H36eraTb OonbtuHe cnnu τρβΗΗΗ, B03HHxaionnie Bpe3ynbTaTe flononHHTenbHo flefiCTByioiUHX noflbeMHbix CWI Meacny CTeHaMH xaHanoBη sneMeHTaMH TenjiooóMeHHHKa. KpoMe- nonyneHHoň 'ποαβηχηοοτη η hoboh xoHCTpyx-flHH SHéMeHTOB TennOoCMeHHHXa, XOTOpbie HBJIHWTCH OCHOBOň 3φφβΚΤΒ C3MOOHHCTKHxoHTaxTHbtx noBepxHocTeň ycTaHOBXH what ctopohm TennoHócHTejw taxis, xax coCTopoHbí TennpyTHnHsauHH, ημθιοτοη eme Hecxonbxo αοοτοηηοτβ - H3-3a cBoCoflHoň ποαβηχηοοτη sneMeHTOB TennooOMeHHHxa, T.E. H3-3a β H e e th an e pa pa pa pa í pa pa pa pa pa po pa pa pa pa pa pa pa pa pa pa pa í nec pa pa po c c c c c c Manbie ποτβρΗ flaBneHHH. - 3φφβχτ ohhctxh momho.ynymnHTb πγτβΜ HSMéHeHHH noBepxHocTen xaHanoB Hs-3aKpaTxoBpeMeHHoro ποπηχθημη ηπη noBbnneHHH flaBneHHH b xananax TennoHocHTenn. . TaxHM o6pa3OM ocymecTBnaeTCH Taxis BoaMoXHoe οτποχβΗΗβ Μβηωχ qacTHn 3ar- 'ρΗ3ΗβΗΗΗ, Mexfly XOTOPbIMH fleňCTBýlOT SHaUHTenbHbie CHJIbl CHenneHHH1 H XOTOpbie

MoryT pa3BHB3Tb 6onbmne curibi aflresHH, BO3fleňcTByn Ha MaTepnan sneMeHTOBTennoo6MeHHHxa. - TennoBoe HanpHxeHne H3-33 pa3HocTH TfeMnepaTyp h HopManbHbie h xacaTejibHbieHanpaxeHHH, B03HHxaiomHe b pe3ynbTaTe TeneHHH b xaHanax, MoryT CbiTb οπτη-ManhHo HcnepnaHbí πγτβΜ CBoSofluoň ποαβηχηοοτη γη6χηχ sneMeHTOB τβπποοβΜβΗ-HHxa. - Πρκ Hcnonb3OBaHHH cooTBeTCTBywmHX MaTepnanoB «ηη sneMeHTOB Tennoo6MeHHHxaB03M0XHM ΠΙΗρΟΧΗβ o6naCTH ΠρΗΜβΗβΗΗΗ 3ΤΟΓΟ ΟΠΟΟΟββ yTHnH3aflHH TeiIJia H3 ar-peccHBHbix h xHMHnecxH 3arpH3HeHHbix TennoHocHTeneň. ΠρΗΜβρ ΠρΗΜβΗβΗΗΗ B cneflywmeM Η3ο6ρθτβΗΗβ o6bHCHHeTCH c noMombto pa3nHMHbix npHMepoB npaxTHnec-xoro rrpHMeneHHH: Φηγ. 1: Pa3pe3 H3o6peTeHHoro TennoúĎMeHHHxa c sneMeHTaMH TennonepeflanH BflonbCTpyňxaHana co CBOpoflHbíM xohiíom. Φηγ. 2: Pa3pe3 sneMeHTa TennonepeflanH no πηηηη 1-1 Φηγ. 1. ,'Φηγ. 3: Paape3 HaoSpeTeHHoro TennooÓMeHHHxa c sneMeHTaMH TennonepeflanH paflH-anbHo b cTpyňxanane co cbo6oahmm kohuom. Φηγ. 4: Pa3pe3 CTpyňxaHana no πηηηη II-II Φηγ. 3. Φηγ. 5: Pa3pe3 H3o6peTeHHoro TennooCMeHHHxa c paflHanbHo h mriHJihKoo6pa3Ho pa3MemeHHbiMH sneMeHTaMH TennonepeflanH b CTpyňxaHane 6e3 CBo6oflHoroxoHpa. Φηγ, 6: Pa3pe3 CTpyňxaHana no πηηηη III-III Φηγ.5* Φηγ. 7: Pa3pe3 H3o6peTeHHoro Tennoo6MeHHHxa c sneMeHTaMH TennonepeflanH, paa-MemeHHbíMH no flyre b CTpyňxaHane h He HMexnuHMH οβο6οαηογο KOHpa. Φηγ. 8: Pa3pe3 CTpyňxaHana no πηηηη IV-IV Φηγ. 7. Φηγ. 9: Pa3pe3 H3o6peTeHHoro Tennoo6MeHHHxa c sneMeHTaMH TennonepeflanH BflonbCTpyňxaHana 6β3 CBoCoflHoro xoHfla. Φηγ.10: Pa3pe3 CTpyňxaHana no πηηηη V-V Φηγ. 9. 256935 Φηγ.11: Pa3pe3 Η3ο6ρετεΗΗθΓο τεπηοοβΜεΗΗΗΚβ c aneMenTaMH τεπηοπερεΑεηΗ a^ojibpa3p;ejieHHoro CTpyňKaHana co CBofíoflHbíM kohaom. Φηγ.12: Pa3pea cTpyHKaHana no jihhhh VI-VI Φηγ. 11. Φηγ.13: Pa3pe3 Η3θ6ρετεΗΗθΓθ Tennoo6MeHHHKa c sneMeHTaMH Tennonepeflann coCBo6on»HM kohuom, pasMcnjBHHbíMH BepTHKanfcHO b cocy,ne λπη otctoh hjjhxpaHeHH». Φηγ.14: Μ3ο6ρετεΗΗΗΗ AByxxaHajibHbiň sjicmcht TennonepeflanH co CBoSoflHbíM koh-uom. Φηγ. 15: Η3ο6ρετεΗΗΜή TpexKananbHbiH 3ΐιεΜεΗΤ Tenjionepe^anH co cboÓoahhm kohaom.Φηγ. 16: H3o6peTeHHbiň qeTbipexxaHanbHbiH 3πεΜεΗΤ TennonepeflanH co οβο6οαηημ KOHHOM. H3o6peTeHHaH ycTaHOBKa ajih TennooCMeHa coctoht H3 hcckojibkhx ajieMeHTOB τεηπο-nepeflanH 1, κοτορωε conepwaT caMH cTpyňKaHajibi ajih no/jatomero h oSpaTHoro xo-Λοβ TennoHocHTena ’2, 3, τβιοκβ H3 cnenoro Kanana 4, coflepacamero BO3flyxa, 3a-mHTHoro TpyčonpoBona 5 οτ 6οπμπηχ H3rH6amnmx HanpaateHHň bcjicactbho tohchhhTennoHocHTena, npHcoenHHHTenbHbix nacTeň 6 ajih οβεεπεηεΗΗΗ coe«HHeHHň MeatflyCTpyňKaHanaMH πρητοηηημη h ofipaTHbíMH 2, 3 h KOJibneBbíMH KaHanaMH y flepxamero(fcjiaHna 9 fljin πρητοηηογο h oĎpaTHoro xo«a TennoHocHTejia 7, 8 h Heo6xoj3HMbixφηβΗηβΒΗχ coeflHHeHHH 10 HJIH npHcoeflHHeHHH nepjKamero tfuiaHija 9 b tcahom KananeTennoHocHTejiH 11. 3neMeHT Tennonepenann 1 co CBoGoflHbíM kohijom h c kohaom c npHCOOflHHHTOJibHbíMHnacTHMH 6 ynoTpeĎnaioTCH β cootbotctbhh c Φηγ. 2, 14, 15 h 16 b bhac jiohto-o6pa3Hbix flByx-, τρεχ- H neTbipexKaHanbHbix 3ji8M8htob, πρκηεΜ H8o6xoahmo ynH-TbiBaTb ΓεοΜετρΗ» 3ji8M8htob fljia MaKCHMajibHoň ποΒερχΗοετκ τεπποπερεΑβΗΗ.ΠρΗΜεΗεΗΗε ηεΗτρκηεεκΗΧ ηπη kohií8htphm8CKHx BKjnoM8HHbtx KaHanoB hbjih8tchτβιοκε paanbHoň BosMoacHocTbio τεοΜετρκΗ 3ji8M8htob. Ηεκοτορωε #pyrna ηεηεοοοβ-pa3Hbia BHftbi πρΗΜεΗεΗΗΗ TaKHx sjicmchtob TBnnooepeAanH 1 xapaKTepH3ytoTCHΦηγ. 3, 11 η 13, πρκηεΜ κροΜε BBpTHxanbHoro ποηοκεΗΗΗ 3ji8mbhtob τεπηοπερε^β-ΗΗ Β OTCTOHHbIX COCyflaX ΒΟ3ΜΟΧΗΗ Η flpyrHO Ηε nOKaaaHHbIC rOPH3OHTaJlbHbIC HJIHο6ι>εΜΗΗε eapHaHTbi npHCocflHHCHHH. flpyroň Ηε noKaaaHHbiň b pncyHKax BapHaHTxapaKTBpH3ýcTCH τεω, mto 3πεΜ8Ητω τεπηοπερεββΗΗ 1 BKjnoqawTca β cHCTBMy τεπ-JIOO6M8Ha Β MBCTaX y®8 HMBKXUHXCH COOpyJKBHHň flJIH OHHCTKH yCTaHOBKH, HanpHMBpb TpySonpoBOflax οτοίημχ boa; β stom cnyqaB οηη βμποληηιοτ cboio φνΗκηπιο nna-Baa b Tpy6onpoBOflB, Sjibmbhth τεπηοπερεΑεηΗ 12 c qacTBMH πρκεοεΑΗΗεΗΗΗ 6 HaOĎOHX KOHIjaX npBACTaBJlHHJT CO6oň OAHOKaHajIbHbrií 3JI8M8HT HJIH JI8HTOOĎpa3HblňMHoroKaHairbHbiň sjiombht, cm. Φηγ. 5, 7 h 9. Β Φηγ. 5 bo3Mo«8h BapnaHT, bkotopom 3JicM8HTbi τεπηοπερεΑβΗΗ pacnonowcHbí nofl yrnoM b 90°, TaKHC sjicmchtnMoryT HaňTH Hcnonb3OBaHHC b cocy^ax otctob ηλη xpaHeHHH 13, Φηγ. 13. Kor.uanapcflenaioT φορών Hrpraca "Y” CTpyňxaHaJia. 11 H3 Φηγ. 11b φορών HKca "X", toc noMoqbio sbbmchtob τεπηοπερεΑβΜΗ 12 mojkho nonyqHTb ηροχοΑΗΐιιεε ropH3oHTajih-Ηοε pacnoJioHccHHc b cTpyňKaHanc 11.MoryT pa3BHB3Tb 6onbmne curibi aflresHH, BO3fleňcTByn Ha MaTepnan sneMeHTOBTennoo6MeHHHxa. - TennoBoe HanpHxeHne H3-33 pa3HocTH TfeMnepaTyp HopManbHbie h h xacaTejibHbieHanpaxeHHH, B03HHxaiomHe b pe3ynbTaTe TeneHHH b xaHanax, Ballad CbiTb οπτη-ManhHo HcnepnaHbí πγτβΜ CBoSofluoň ποαβηχηοοτη γη6χηχ sneMeHTOB τβπποοβΜβΗ-HHxa. - Πρκ Hcnonb3OBaHHH cooTBeTCTBywmHX MaTepnanoB ηη sneMeHTOB Tennoo6MeHHHxaB03M0XHM ΠΙΗρΟΧΗβ o6naCTH ΠρΗΜβΗβΗΗΗ 3ΤΟΓΟ ΟΟΟΠΟΟΟββ yTHnH3aflHH TeiIJia H3 ar-peccHBHbix h xHMHnecxH 3arpH3HeHHbix TennoHocHTeneen. ΠρΗΜβρ ΠρΗΜβΗβΗΗΗ B cneflywmeM Η3ο6ρθτβΗΗβ 66bHCHHeTCH c noMombto pa3nHMHbix npHMepoB npaxTHnec-xoro rrpHMeneHHH: Φηγ. 1: Pa3pe3 H3o6peTeHHoro TennoneHHHxa c sneMeHTaMH TennonepeflanH BflonbCTpynxaHane as CBOpoflbHlMHOHH. Φηγ. 2: Pa3pe3 sneMeHTa TennonepeflanH no πηηηη 1-1 Φηγ. 1., '.ηγ. 3: Paape3 HaoSpeTeHHoro TennooÓMeHHHxa c sneMeHTaMH TennonepeflanH paflH-anbHo b cTpyňxanane what cbo6oahmm kohuom. Φηγ. 4: Pa3pe3 CTpyňxaHana no πηηηη II-II Φηγ. 3. Φηγ. 5: Pa3pe3 H3o6peTeHHoro TennooCMeHHHxa c paflHanbHo h mriHJihKoo6pa3Ho pa3MemeHHbiMH sneMeHTaMH TennonepeflanH b CTpynxaHane 6e3 CBo6oflHoroxoHpa. ,Ηγ, 6: Pa3pe3 CTpynxaHana no πηηηηη III-III ňηγ.5 * Φηγ. 7: Pa3pe3 H3o6peTeHHoro Tennoo6MeHHHxa c sneMeHTaMH TennonepeflanH, paa-MemeHHBMH no flyre b CTpynxaHane h He HMexnuHMH οβο6οαηογο KOHpa. Φηγ. 8: Pa3pe3 CTpyňxaHana no IV-IV Φηγ. 7. Φηγ. 9: Pa3pe3 H3o6peTeHHoro Tennoo6MeHHHxa c sneMeHTaMH TennonepeflanH BflonbCTpynxaHana 6β3 CBoCoflHoro xoHfla. .10ηγ.10: Pa3pe3 CTpynxaHana no πηηηη V-V Φηγ. 9. 256935 .11ηγ.11: Pa3pe3 Η3ο6ρετεΗΗθΓο τεπηοοβΜεΗΗΗΚβ c aneMenTaMH τεπηοπερεΑεηΗ a ^ ojibpa3p; ejieHHoro CTpyňKaHana co CBofíoflHbíM kohaom. .12ηγ.12: Pa3pea cTpyHKaHana no jihhhh VI-VI ηγ. 11. .13ηγ.13: Pa3pe3 Η3θ6ρετεΗΗθΓθ Tennoo6MeHHHKa c sneMeHTaMH Tennonepeflann coCBo6on »HM kohuom, pasMcnjBHHbíMH BepTHKanfcHO b cocy, ne λπη otctoh hjjhxpaHeHH». .14ηγ.14: ο3ο6ρετεΗΗΗΗ AByxxaHajibHbi sjicmcht TennonepeflanH what CBoSoflHbiM koh-uom. Φηγ. 15: TpexKananbHbiH 3ΐιεΜεΗΤ Tenjionepe ^ anH co cboÓoahhm kohaom.Φηγ. 16: H3o6peTeHHbEn qeTbipexxaHanbHbiH 3πεΜεΗΤ TennonepeflanH co οβο6οαηημ KOHHOM. H3o6peTeHHaH ycTaHOBKa ajih TennooCMeHa coctoht H3 hcckojibkhx ajieMeHTOB τεηπο-nepeflanH 1 κοτορωε conepwaT Camhi cTpyňKaHajibi ajih NO / jatomero h oSpaTHoro oxo-Λοβ TennoHocHTena '2, 3, τβιοκβ H3 cnenoro Kanana 4 coflepacamero BO3flyxa, 3a-mHTHoro TpyčonpoBona 5 οτ 6οπμπηχ H3rH6amnmx HanpaateHHň bcjicactbho tohchhhTennoHocHTena, npHcoenHHHTenbHbix loaded 6 ajih οβεεπεηεΗΗΗ coe «HHeHHň MeatflyCTpyňKaHanaMH πρητοηηημη h ofipaTHbíMH 2, 3 h KOJibneBbíMH KaHanaMH y flepxamero (fcjiaHna 9 fljin πρητοηηογο h oĎpaTHoro xo" and TennoHocHTejia 7, 8 h Heo6xoj3HMbixφηβΗηβΒΗχ coeflHHeHHH 10 HJIH npHcoeflHHeHHH nepjKamero tfuiaHija 9 b tcahom KananeTennoHocHTejiH 11 . 3neMeHT Tennonepenann 1 as CBoGoflHbíM kohijom HC kohaom c npHCOOflHHHTOJibHbíMHnacTHMH 6 ynoTpeĎnaioTCH β cootbotctbhh Φηγ c. 2, 14, 15 h 16 b-BHAC jiohto o6pa3Hbix flByx-, τρεχ- H neTbipexKaHanbHbix 3ji8M8htob, πρκηεΜ H8o6xoahmo ynH-TbiBaTb ΓεοΜετρΗ »3ji8M8htob fljia MaKCHMajibHoň ποΒερχΗοετκ τεπποπερεΑβΗΗ.ΠρΗΜεΗεΗΗε ηεΗτρκηεεκΗΧ ηπη kohií8htphm8CKHx BKjnoM8HHbtx Pεκοτορωε #pyrna ηεηεοοοβ-pa3Hbia BHftbi πρΗΜεΗεΗΗΗ TaKHx sjicmchtob TBnnooepeAanH 1 xapaKTepH3ytoTCHΦηγ. 3, 11 η 13, ρ p p p p p p p p T T T T T T T T T T eap eap eap T T n n T T T T T T eap eap eap eap eap. flpyroň Ηε noKaaaHHbiň b pncyHKax BapHaHTxapaKTBpH3ýcTCH τεω MTO 3πεΜ8Ητω τεπηοπερεββΗΗ 1 BKjnoqawTca β-cHCTBMy τεπ JIOO6M8Ha Β MBCTaX y®8 HMBKXUHXCH COOpyJKBHHň flJIH OHHCTKH yCTaHOBKH, HanpHMBpb TpySonpoBOflax οτοίημχ boa; β cnyqaB one hundred meters οηη βμποληηιοτ cboio φνΗκηπιο nna-Baa Tpy6onpoBOflB b, 12 c Sjibmbhth τεπηοπερεΑεηΗ qacTBMH πρκεοεΑΗΗεΗΗΗ 6 HaOĎOHX KOHIjaX npBACTaBJlHHJT CO6oň OAHOKaHajIbHbrií 3JI8M8HT HJIH JI8HTOOĎpa3HblňMHoroKaHairbHbiň sjiombht cm. Φηγ. 5, 7 hrs 9. Β Φηγ. 5 bo3Mo «8h BapnaHT, bkotopom 3JicM8HTbi τεπηοπερεΑβΗΗ pacnonowcHbin nofl yrnoM b 90 °, TaKHC sjicmchtnMoryT HanH Hcnonb3OBaHHC b cocy ^ ax otctob ηλη xpaHeHHH 13, γηγ. 13. Kor.uanapcflenaioT φορών "Y" CTpynxaHaJia 11 H3 11b 11ορών HKca "X", toc noMoqbio sbbmchtob τεπηοπερεΑβΜΗ 12 mojkho nonyqHTb ηροχοΑΗΐιιεε ropH3oHTajih-Ηοε pacnoJioHccHHc b cTpynKaHanc 11.

Hco6xoflHMO otmothtb ajib noKaaaHHbix BapnaHTOB npaKTnqccKoro npHMOHCHHa 3ηε-mchtob τεπηοπερεΑβηΗ 1, mto MaKCHManbHbiň H3rH6aromHň paflnyc γη6κηχ sjicmchtobcflcnaH MCHbmc HMCJomoHca oTKpMToň nnomaAH εεηεΗΗΗ ajih τογο, ητοδω H36c»aTb3aBH3broaHHe yanoM oTflenbHbtx KaHanoB npH He6jiaronpHHTHOM TypĎyneHTHoM τεηε-HHH. B KPHTHMCCKHX CJiyqaBX U8JlBCOO6pa3HO ΠρΗΜβΗΗΤΒ mHypOO6pa3Hb]C HJIH KaHa-Too6pa3Hbia φΗκοβτορω paccTOHHHH, ΠρΗΤΗ3ΗΗΗΗ Η3θ6ρ8Τ8ΗΗΗ 1 . HmCCTCH cnoco6 npHMBHCHHH ΤβΠΛΟθ6Μ8ΗΗΗΚΟΒ ΑΠΗ pa6oTbI B CHJIbHO 3arpB3H8H-Hbix, TCKyniHX τεπηοΗοοΗτεηΗΧ, xapaKTepH3ywiHHXCH τεΜ, ητο οοΒεριπεΗΗο cbo- 256935 ĎOflHO B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT ΤβΜβΗΗΗ TenJIOHOCHTeJIH , HBHXyfyHeCH KOHTaKTHbie ΠΟ- ’BepxHocTH TenjiooOMeHHHKa HaxoflHTcH b CTpyftxaHajiax hjih flpyrnx MecTax Τβ-ΜβΗΗΗ TenJIOHOCHTeJIH. 2. Tennonepeflaromee ydTpoňcTBo hjih fleMOHCTpaHHH cnoco6a no πρΗΤΗ3βΗΗΐο 1 cnpHcoeflHHHTenbHbíMH ycTpoftcTBaMH flJiH TennonepeflaiomHx sneMeHTOB hjih ko-Potkhx 33MKHyTbix KaHajioB xapaKTepH3yeTcn τβΜ, mto 3ΐιβΜβΗτω Tenjionepena-mh (1, 12) COCTOHT.H3 οηηογο hjih HecKÓnbKux mnaHroo6pa3Hbtx, pasHoro ce-ueHHH CTpyHKaHajioB 'h3 γηΘκογο MaTepnana, πρπΜβΜ βηβΜβΗΤ TenjionepeflaMH(12) H3 OflHOrO HJIH HeCKOJIbKHX KBHaJIOB ΗΜββΤ y 060HX KOHIJOB ΜββΤΜβ npHCO-eflHHeHHJt (6) hjih sjíeMeHT TenjionepenaMH (1) H3 HecKOJlbKHX cTpýňxaHanoB(2, 3) HMe6T oflHy hjih HfecxojibKo nacTeřt npHCoeflHHeHHB (6) c oflHoro KOHita,a c npyroro kohhh κοροτκο 3aMKHyTbie CTpyňKa najai. hjih τβΜβΗΗΗ τβαποΗοβΗτβπΗ. . 3. ycTaHOBKH Tenjioo6MeHa b npHTH3aHHH 2 xapaxTepHayioTCH τβΜ, mto cTpyňxaHa-jtbi ajiGMeHTOB TeiuionepeflaMH (1, 12) πρΗβοβΗΗΗΗίοτβΗ núcjienoBaTejibHo B OflHoňrOpH3OHTaJIbHoft HJIH BepTHKajIbHOŘ njlOCKOCTH B BHfle OflHOrO 3JieMeHTa, COCTÓ- 1mnero H3 oflHoro MaTepnajia hjih o6pa3yiomerocH c noMombio BcnoMoraTejibHbixBerne ctb, τβκκχ Kax: KJieň, cBdpica hjih eaxHMbi. A. YcTaHOBKH Teimoo6MeHa b n. 2 ... 4 xapaKTepHayioTCH τβΜ, mto CTpyňxaHajibi(2, 3), cocToumne hs γηΟκογο MaTepHana, HanpHMep njiacTMaccbi, ynjioTHHioTCHMeTajUIHMeCKHMH| MHHepajIbHblMH, TKaHeBblMH HJIH flpyrHMH, yCHJIHBaramHMH npOM-HOCTb H flonrOBeMHOCTb KaHaJIOB, BKJIIOMeHHHMH. npHJiaraiOTCH TPH CŤpaHHHbl C pHCyHKaMH. AHHOTaiJHH . ' Ή3θ6ρβΤβΗΗβ HBJIHeTCH CnOCOSOM ΠρΗΜβΗβΗΗΗ ΤβΐυΐΟΟ0ΜβΗΗΗΚΟΒ H yCTaHOBKOft ΤβΠΛΟ-nepeflaMH hjih npennoMTHTejibHoň paSoTbi b TenJioHocHTejinx c OTHocHTenbHo BbicoxoftCTeneHbK) 6HOJIOrHMeCKOrO, φΗ3ΗΜβΟΚΟΓΟ H MaCTHMHO ΧΗΜΗΜβΟΚΟΓΟ 3arpH3HeHHň,HanpHMep B CTOMHbIX BOflaX CaHy3JIOB H KyXOHb,B pa3JTHMHbIX npoMbimjieHHWX BOflaX,b npHpoflHbix TexymHx Boflax η τ.π. ’ .Hco6xoflHMO otmothtb Ajiba noKaaaHHbix BapnaHTOB npaKTnqccKoro npHMOHCHHa 3ηε-mchtob τεπηοπερεΑβηΗ 1 MTO MaKCHManbHbiň H3rH6aromHň paflnyc γη6κηχ sjicmchtobcflcnaH MCHbmc HMCJomoHca oTKpMToň nnomaAH εεηεΗΗΗ ajih τογο, ητοδω H36C »aTb3aBH3broaHHe Yano oTflenbHbtx KaHanoB NPH He6jiaronpHHTHOM TypĎyneHTHoM τεηε-HHH. B KPHTHMCCKHX CJiyqaBX U8JlBCOO6pa3HO ΠρΗΜβΗΗΤΒ mHypOO6pa3Hb] C HJIH KaHa-Too6pa3Hbia φΗκοβτορω paccTOHHHH, ΠρΗΤΗ3ΗΗΗΗ Η3θ6ρ8Τ8ΗΗΗ 1. HmCCTCH cnoco6 npHMBHCHHH ΤβΠΛΟθ6Μ8ΗΗΗΚΟΒ ΑΠΗ pa6oTbI B CHJIbHO 3arpB3H8H-Hbix, TCKyniHX τεπηοΗοοΗτεηΗΧ, xapaKTepH3ywiHHXCH τεΜ, ητο οοΒεριπεΗΗο Cbo- 256935 ĎOflHO B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT ΤβΜβΗΗΗ TenJIOHOCHTeJIH, HBHXyfyHeCH KOHTaKTHbie ΠΟ- 'BepxHocTH TenjiooOMeHHHKa HaxoflHTcH b CTpyftxaHajiax hjih flpyrnx MecTax ΤβΜβΗΗΗ TenJIOHOCHTeJIH. Second Tennonepeflaromee ydTpoňcTBo hjih fleMOHCTpaHHH cnoco6a well πρΗΤΗ3βΗΗΐο 1 cnpHcoeflHHHTenbHbíMH ycTpoftcTBaMH flJiH TennonepeflaiomHx sneMeHTOB hjih co-Potkhx 33MKHyTbix KaHajioB xapaKTepH3yeTcn τβΜ MTO 3ΐιβΜβΗτω Tenjionepena-MH (1, 12) COCTOHT.H3 οηηογο hjih HecKÓnbKux mnaHroo6pa3Hbtx, pasHoro cetyl ueHHH CTpyHKaHajioB 'h3 γηΘκογο MaTepnana, πρπΜβΜ βηβΜβΗΤ TenjionepeflaMH (12) H3 OflHOrO hJIH HeCKOJIbKHX KBHaJIOB ΗΜββΤ y 060HX KOHIJOB ΜββΤΜβ NPHC-eflHHeHHJt (6) hjih sjíeMeHT TenjionepenaMH (1) H3 HecKOJlbKHX cTpýňxaHanoB (2, 3) HMe6T oflHy hjih HfecxojibKo nacTeřt npHCoeflHHeHHB (6) c oflHoro KOHita , ac npyroro kohhh κοροτκο 3aMKHyTbie CTpynKa najai. hjih τβΜβΗΗΗ τβαποΗοβΗτβπΗ. . Third ycTaHOBKH Tenjioo6MeHa b npHTH3aHHH 2 xapaxTepHayioTCH τβΜ MTO cTpyňxaHa-jtbi ajiGMeHTOB TeiuionepeflaMH (1, 12) πρΗβοβΗΗΗΗίοτβΗ núcjienoBaTejibHo B OflHoňrOpH3OHTaJIbHoft HJIH BepTHKajIbHOŘ njlOCKOCTH B BHfle OflHOrO 3JieMeHTa, COCTÓ- 1mnero H3 oflHoro MaTepnajia hjih o6pa3yiomerocH c noMombio BcnoMoraTejibHbixBerne CTB τβκκχ Kax: KJieň , cBdpica hjih eaxHMbi. A. YcTaHOBKH Teimoo6MeHa b n. 2 ... 4 xapaKTepHayioTCH τβΜ, mto CTpyňxaHajibi (2, 3), cocToumne hs γηΟκογο MaTepHana, HanpHMep njiacTMaccbi, ynjioTHHioTCHMeTajUIHMeCKHMH | MHHepajIbHblMH, TKaHeBblMH HJIH flpyrHMH, yCHJIHBaramHMH npOM-HOCTb H flonrOBeMHOCTb KaHaJIOB, BKJIIOMeHHHMH. npHJIrAIOTCH TPHCpaHHHbl C pHCyHKaMH. AHHOTaiJHH. 'Ή3θ6ρβΤβΗΗβ HBJIHeTCH CnOCOSOM ΠρΗΜβΗβΗΗΗ ΤβΐυΐΟΟ0ΜβΗΗΗΚΟΒ H yCTaHOBKOft ΤβΠΛΟ-nepeflaMH hjih npennoMTHTejibHoň paSoTbi b TenJioHocHTejinx OTHocHTenbHo BbicoxoftCTeneHbK c) 6HOJIOrHMeCKOrO, φΗ3ΗΜβΟΚΟΓΟ H MaCTHMHO ΧΗΜΗΜβΟΚΟΓΟ 3arpH3HeHHň, HanpHMep B CTOMHbIX BOflaX CaHy3JIOB H KyXOHb B pa3JTHMHbIX npoMbimjieHHWX BOflaX b npHpoflHbix TexymHx Boflax η τ.π. ’.

Uejibio Η3θόρβτεΗΗΗ HBJíneTCH noJiyneHHe 3φφεκτΗΒΗθή τβαποπβρβΛβΜΗ c noMombwnpocťbix h HaaeiKHbix MeponpHHTHň, xapaKTepHaywmeňcH CTaóHJibHocTbio η 3HaMHTejib-HbiM yMeHbmeHHeM aaTpaT Ha Η3ΓοτοΒΠβΗΗβ, MaTepHaji h peMOHT. OchobhoA saAaneňHBJíHJiocb, H36e«aTb 3aTbixaHHe KaHanoB τβΜβΗΗΗ TenJIOHOCHTeJIH h sanonHeHHe koh-TaKTHbtx noBepxnocTeň rpji3bio, B Η3θ6ρβτβΗΗΗ 3Ta 3aflaMa pemaeTCH τβΜ, mto KOH-TaKTHbie noBepxHocTH TenjiooSMeHHHKa flenracyTCH b aaBHCHMOCTH ot ycjioBHň τβΜβ—hhhŤenjioHocHTejiH coBepmeHHo cboBosho b xanajiax ΤβΜβΗΗΗ. HeoSxoflHMbie ajih3Toro ajieMeHTbi TenjionepeflaMH coctoht H3 cboÓohho flBiracymHXCH, nuiaHroo6pa3Hbix,γη6κηχ MaTepnajioB. npHSHaHO Η3ο6ρβτβΗΗβΜ no pe3yjibT3TaM 3KcnepTH3bI, ocymecTBjíeHHoň BeflOMCTBOMno flejiaM ΗόοόρβτβΗΗή η naTeHTOB fflP. 3 MepTesca 256935Uejibio Η3θόρβτεΗΗΗ HBJíneTCH noJiyneHHe 3φφεκτΗΒΗθή τβαποπβρβΛβΜΗ c h noMombwnpocťbix HaaeiKHbix MeponpHHTHň, xapaKTepHaywmeňcH CTaóHJibHocTbio η 3HaMHTejib-HbiM yMeHbmeHHeM AATP Ha Η3ΓοτοΒΠβΗΗβ, MaTepHaji peMOHT h. OchobhoA saAaneňHBJíHJiocb, H36e "ATB 3aTbixaHHe KaHanoB τβΜβΗΗΗ TenJIOHOCHTeJIH h sanonHeHHe KOH TaKTHbtx noBepxnocTeň rpji3bio B Η3θ6ρβτβΗΗΗ 3TA 3aflaMa pemaeTCH τβΜ MTO KOH TaKTHbie noBepxHocTH TenjiooSMeHHHKa flenracyTCH b aaBHCHMOCTH rpm ycjioBHň τβΜβ-hhhŤenjioHocHTejiH coBepmeHHo cboBosho b xanajiax ΤβΜβΗΗΗ. HeoSxoflHMbie ajih3Toro ajieMeHTbi TenjionepeflaMH coctoht H3 cboohoh flBiracymHXCH, nuiaHroo6pa3Hbix, γη6κηχ MaTepnajioB. npHSHaHO pe3ο6ρβτβΗΗβΜ no pe3yjibT3TaM 3KcnepTH3bI, ocymecTBjíeHHoon BeflOMCTBOMno flejiaM ΗόοόρβτβΗΗή η naTeHTOB fflP. 3 MepTesca 256935

Claims (4)

1. Způsob používání tepelných výměníků proČinnost silně ' znečištěných, běžných nosičů tepla, vyznačující se tím, že současně volně v závislosti na táku nosiče tepla, pohybu- jící se v dotyku s povrchem tepelného výměníku, existuje v kanálech nebo jiných místech tok nďsiče tepla. PŘEDMĚT VYNÁLEZUA method of using heat exchangers for the operation of heavily soiled, conventional heat carriers, wherein at the same time there is a heat sink in the ducts or in other locations freely depending on the heat carrier tray moving in contact with the heat exchanger surface. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION 2. Zařízení pro provádění způsobu podle bodu 1, s připojo-vacími zařízeními pro prvky přenášející teplo nebo přeru-šených kanálů, vyznačující se tím, že prvky přenosu tepla(1, 12) se skládají z jedné nebo několika hadic různéhoprůřezu z ohebného materiálu, přičemž prvek přenosu tepla(12) je z jednoho nebo několika kanálů a má u obou koncůúseková připojení (6) nebo prvek přenosu tepla (1) jez několika kanálů (2, 3) a má jednu nebo několik částí při-pojení (6) z jednoho konce, Přičemž z druhého konce jsoukanály přerušený pro tok nosiče tepla.2. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to item 1, with connecting devices for heat transfer elements or interrupted channels, characterized in that the heat transfer elements (1, 12) consist of one or more hoses of different cross-sections of flexible material, wherein the heat transfer element (12) is of one or more channels and has both sections (6) or a heat transfer element (1) of several channels (2, 3) and has one or more portions (6) of One end, the channels being interrupted from the other end for the heat carrier flow. 3. Zařízení podle bodu 2, vyznačující se tím, že kanályprvků přenosu tepla (1', 12) jsou připojeny za sebou v jed-né horizontální nebo vertikální rovině ve tvaru jednohoprvku, skládající se z jednoho materiálu, nebo jsou vytvo-řeny pomocí pomocných látek, jako lepidlo, sváření nebosevření.3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the heat transfer element channels (1 ', 12) are connected one behind the other in a horizontal or vertical plane in the form of a single element consisting of a single material or formed by means of auxiliary elements. substances such as glue, welding or welding. 4. Zařízení podle bodů 2 až 4, vyznačující se tím4 že ka-nály (2, 3), skládající se z ohebného materiálu, napříkladplastické hmoty, jsou utěsněny vložkami kovovými, minerál-ními, tkaninovými nebo jinými, zesilujícími pevnost a život-nost kanálů. · ' ♦ ’ 256935 .4. Apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the conduits (2, 3), consisting of a flexible material, for example plastic, are sealed with metal, mineral, fabric or other reinforcing liners. channels. · '♦' 256935.
CS421884A 1983-07-08 1984-06-04 Method of heat exchangers utilization and equipment for realization of this method CS256935B1 (en)

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DD25290483A DD230630A3 (en) 1983-07-08 1983-07-08 METHOD FOR OPERATING HEAT TRANSMITTERS AND ASSOCIATED HEAT TRANSFER DEVICE

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AT (1) AT387457B (en)
BG (1) BG46415A1 (en)
CS (1) CS256935B1 (en)
DD (1) DD230630A3 (en)
DE (1) DE3418335C2 (en)
FR (1) FR2548771B3 (en)
SE (1) SE463943B (en)
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DE4344480A1 (en) * 1993-12-21 1995-06-22 Juergen Dipl Ing Lang Flexible heat exchanger for heat recovery from exhaust gases etc.
DE102007006419A1 (en) * 2007-02-05 2008-08-07 Müller, Siegfried Method and device for heat recovery

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DE606028C (en) * 1932-11-27 1934-11-23 Joachim Schade Device for removing crusts in heat exchange apparatus and pipelines by means of elastic changes in shape
DE1915337A1 (en) * 1969-03-26 1970-10-15 Ecken Dipl Ing Josef Heat exchange surfaces, ductile in the elas - tic range
US3805881A (en) * 1971-08-17 1974-04-23 Du Pont Fluid heat exchange system
US4018267A (en) * 1975-01-10 1977-04-19 Dorr-Oliver Incorporated Cleaning heat exchanger tubes
JPS53122969A (en) * 1977-04-01 1978-10-26 Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd Heat-exchangeable construction and heat exchanger
AT351647B (en) * 1978-01-19 1979-08-10 Voest Ag HEAT EXCHANGERS, IN PARTICULAR INTERMEDIATE HEAT EXCHANGERS FOR GAS-COOLED HIGH-TEMPERATURE REACTORS
JPS54130649U (en) * 1978-03-03 1979-09-11
DE3026954C2 (en) * 1979-07-16 1985-05-09 Institut metallurgii imeni A.A. Bajkova Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskau/Moskva Heat exchange device
JPS57175910U (en) * 1981-04-30 1982-11-06
DE3209281A1 (en) * 1982-03-13 1983-09-15 SIDEPAL S.A. Société Industrielle de Participations Luxembourgeoise, Luxembourg Cooling device having a plurality of mutually parallel cooling tubes

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AT387457B (en) 1989-01-25
BG46415A1 (en) 1989-12-15
SE8403612L (en) 1985-01-09
ATA169184A (en) 1988-06-15
SE8403612D0 (en) 1984-07-06
DE3418335C2 (en) 1995-12-21
DE3418335A1 (en) 1985-01-17
DD230630A3 (en) 1985-12-04
JPH0581837B2 (en) 1993-11-16
SU1478026A1 (en) 1989-05-07
FR2548771A1 (en) 1985-01-11
FR2548771B3 (en) 1985-12-20
SE463943B (en) 1991-02-11
JPS6089684A (en) 1985-05-20

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