CS256180B1 - Suspension nitrogen-phosphate-sulfur fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The solution relates to a suspension nitrogen-phosphorus-sulfur fertilizer containing finely ground phosphorite. The basis of the heterodisperse system is a binary system ammonium sulfate - water, or a ternary system ammonium sulfate - urea - water, in which particles of ground phosphorite and ammonium sulfate are dispersed. The system is stabilized and optionally contains other basic, secondary and trace nutrients.

Description

256180

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to suspension nitrogen-phosphate-sulfur fertilizer.

Fertilizers represent an important intensification factor in plant production and affect crop production by 30% relative to other factors. High fertilization intensities are associated with the need for efficient use of resources in this area, and therefore, in particular, from the economic point of view, the volume of fertilizer supply will not increase in the future. With regard to energy and foreign demand, nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers are the most important for our economy, as we import all raw materials for their production (petroleum products, natural gas, phosphates, phosphoric acid, sulfur). From domestic sources, we have enough ammonium sulphate in the nitrogen fertilizers, which is a byproduct of caprolactam in particular. Often its more efficient use is dependent on a cohesive increase in the production of the main reaction product (caprolactam, methacrylates, ferrous pigments and the like).

Despite the suitability of ammonium sulphate for flowering crops, especially in pre-preparation and alkaline soils, it is less attractive in agricultural practice than the supply. This is due in particular to a lower nutrient content (21% N), not to be the most suitable crystalline form and, in particular, to high physiological acidity. Its more prolonged use in the absence of calcium increases acidity, thereby aggravating the physiological-chemical properties of the soils. In view of the above, it is also desirable to look for forms and uses of ammonium sulfate that minimize its negative properties. In the case of phosphate fertilizers, it is necessary to take into account the coverage of the entire amount of crude phosphates, trihydrogenphosphoric acid or finished products by imports from the primary or secondary schools. developing countries. It is therefore necessary to consider, in addition to the agrochemical properties of individual phosphorous species, also their foreign exchange intensity, which is as follows: liquid NP fertilizer (domestic production) 7 600 Kčs Fco / lt P2O5 triple granular superphosphate (import from New Zealand) 7 330 Kčs Fco / lt P2O5 simple granulated superphosphate 7 100 Kčs Fco / lt P2O5 granular micronized phosphorous (suggested domestic production) 4 120 Kčs Fco / lt P2O5

The aforementioned exchange rate was one of the reasons why you are considering the production of micronised phosphates in the CSSR in the volume of 60 kt / y in the target year 1995 (ProgramV. Ensuring chemical and biological needs, Material prepared for the Central Committee, Prague, June 1983). The main disadvantage of the use of ground phosphites is the uncertainty of their aagronomic value, especially in the first year after application and mainly the problematic handling and application of finely milled powder material.

According to the data of the Fertilizer Manual, Devolution and Transfer of Technology, Seiss. 13, UNIDO, New York 1980, it is desirable to provide a good agronomic effect to ensure that the phosphite is finely ground to 90% by weight. % of the particles was less than 0.147 mm, or preferably 80% by weight. particles smaller than 0.043 mm.

Micronised phosphate is imported into Czechoslovakia by the similar name Hyperphosphate. It is a Tunisian "Gafsa" phosphite mined 90% by weight sieve overflow of 0.063 mm. It is generally accepted that the use of such classical ground phosphates is only effectively effective on acidic soils with the H and 6 values from the agronomic point of view. PECINA states (Candidate Law, VŠZ, 1966) that with phosphite tunis ground to a fineness of less than 0.06 mm as early as in the first year of operation, up to 90% of years can be even higher.

The granulation of ground phosphites has solved the problems associated with the handling and application of fine dusty material, but the product thus treated has little economic efficiency, since it significantly reduced the contact surface of milky phosphite with the soil solution by the granulation of which the ground phosphite is transformed with the P2O5 dofore accessible to plants . In addition to reducing the agronomic efficiency, the additional advantage of granulated ground phosphorites is their difficult granulation without the use of a suitable binder, which however complicates the manufacturing process and makes them more expensive. Podfa Μ. P. Thúring - ref. From AGRICH, VI. Congress "Chemistry in Agriculture", June 1984, Bratislava, it is advantageous to carry out the granulation of phosphorite equipment, which consists of a stack of working parts - a preliminary granulator and a rounding granulator. The advantage of this process is that the granules are obtained without any binders except water and aprons. The disadvantage is that the granulation process must be carried out in two stages. Also, the application of activated phosphorous susceptents, developed in the previous period by the CAFIA, Ústí nad Labem, did not, in particular, result from the reasons for storage and application unpreparedness of the agricultural sector for the expected progress in the use of ground phosphites. The activation consists of an amount of an acid or acid salt solution whose anion forms a calcium-insoluble calcium or a very low-solubility precipitate such that the major phosphorous mineral - apatite - is not chemically significant attacked. In particular, phosphoric, sulfuric, sulfuric acid, sulfur-N (P2O5) N (wt%) phosphorus content (wt.% P2O5) total nutrient content (wt / wt) density (s) may be used as acidic components. g / cm3)

Using activated suspensions! it is particularly important from the economic point of view in ČSSR. Also known from the foreign literature ("Phosphate rock suspensions", 11 th Demonstration, oct. 5-6, 1976, NewDevelcupments in Fertilizer Technology, TVA), it is possible to prepare good collapsible, manipulable and applicable stabilized phosphite suspensions with content up to 65% ground phosphite.

It has now been found that the disadvantages of using ammonium sulphate, such as nitrogen fertilizer, as well as the disadvantages of the production and use of ground and granulated ground phosphites, eliminate the invention. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The subject of the present invention is a suspension-containing nitrogen-phosphorous fertilizer containing finely ground phosphite, wherein the heterodisperse constitution forms a homogeneous phase of binary ammonium sulphate-water or ternary ammonium sulphate-urea-water-dispersed phase. formed by particles of milky phosphite of sedimentary origin and optionally also ammonium sulfate particles, wherein the homogeneous system comprises 28 to 43.6 wt. % ammonium sulfate and 31 to 72 wt. water, wherein the heterodisperse system is stabilized and optionally contains additional basic, secondary and trace nutrients. To compare the effects of the present invention, we used the following one-component fertilizers - crystalline ammonium sulphate (21% N), - single superphosphate powder (Africa, 16.5 ° / o P2O5) as a comparative standard, - ground calcium carbonate. The advantages of the proposed solution are as follows: the elimination of the effect of the physiological acidity of ammonium sulfate. In its composition, the fertilizer is a combination of a physiologically acidic component - (NH 2 O 2 SO 2 and a physiologically basic component - phosphorous. Pierre, WH, 1933, "Determinationof Equivalent Acidity and Bazaar of Fertilizers", Industrial and Engineering Chemist -ry (Analytical Edition), Vol. 5 p. 229-234] is the acidity (j, respectively the basicity of (+) sulfate sulphonate and phosphorous as follows: viral or lactic acid salts. The blocking of phosphorus-free calcium and the precipitate formed by decomposition together with the released carbon-carbonate have an effect on the suspension formed: The basic properties of the Aphos suspensions are as follows: 1: 2.5 1: 2 1: 1.67 7.6 8 , 5 9.6 17.9 16.9 16.0 25.5 25.4 25.6 1.92 1.84 1.64 kg CaCOs / 100 kgmaterial ammonium sulphate (21.1% N) —122 raw phosphite (33.8% P2Q5) + 56 The basic phosphorous effect is manifested by lenna acidic soils and is slow acting. Examples 1, 2, 3 are in the fertilizer present compounds in a ratio which ensures its near neutral physiological reaction. - Achieve a higher effect and use of the phosphate fertilizer component. The combination of ammonium sulphate with ground phosphorus is advantageous because ammonium sulphate contributes to the mobilization and / or activation of the ammonium sulphate. remobili- nating the plants of hard-to-reach forms. The action consists of the action of SO42 - ion produced by the hydrolysis of ammonium sulphate. - The reduction of transport costs and the negative effect of the passage of heavy mechanics on the agricultural ground (soil compaction). as follows: quantities of simple fertilizers: - ammonium sulphate (21.0% N) 228.6 kg - single superphosphate (16.5% P2O5) 768.5 kg - ground CáCOs 256.0 kg

Total 1,253.1 kg

This represents a transport of 253.1 kg in addition to the need for threefold passage of the delivery mechanism over the soil. - Economically and technologically, it is difficult to produce compared to the production of single-component fertilizers (ammonium sulphate, granulated ground phosphates, or simple superphosphate). Significant is the energy saving when starting from anionic sulphate as a byproduct of the caprolactam product. In this case, the crystallization solutions and the non-solid crystalline (NH 4 SO 4) are preferred. Another advantage is the more preferred form of the nutrient N (P2O5: S), compared to powdered, crystalline and granular forms. sufficiently high abrasion resistance (the basic eutectic system (NH 4 SO 4 - H 2 O composition of 39.5 wt.% (NH 4) 2 SO 4 and 60.5 wt.% H 2 O has a crystallization temperature of 1919 ° C, or a base composition of 31.5% (NH 4 SO 4, 47, 5% H 2 O and 21% urea crystallize at 2929.5 ° Celsius, and the possibility of the application of other basic secondary and trace nutrients is also possible.

The nutrient form, ratio and content of the nutrient is particularly advantageous in the case of autumn 1-spring application to pre-seed or melting fertilization with higher doses, while incorporating organic matter. Application to sternum is advantageous. Fertilizer - suitable for fertilization mainly of grass plants, clover, legumes, winter rapeseed, spinach, onion, beet, potatoes, caliber aovsa especially in the zenrakar and damp foothill area. It is also advisable to use fertilizer before fertilization and vineyards. The following examples illustrate but do not limit the invention. EXAMPLE 1 In a laboratory mixer, 165 parts by weight of a dielomeutectic system (39.5% by weight of sulfate-60.5% by weight of water) of 120 parts by weight of finely ground phosphite (80% of particles) were added to the 165 part by weight of the dielomeutectic system. less than (0.063 mm) with 33.58% by weight of P2O5.3.0 parts by weight of attapulgite (Min-U-gel 200, by Floridin Comp.) and 0.5 parts by weight of sulfite liquor. For 10 minutes, the NPS suspension obtained a fertilizer of the following composition: nutrient ratio N: P2O5: S 1: 2.97: 1.15 total N (wt%) 4.72 total P2O5 content (wt%) 14 The total S content (% by weight) of 5.41

A sulfite extract of 2.2 wt. %, bentonite from the Jelšský potok stream, 15% dry matter in the dispersion and soda in the amount of 5% of the bentonite dry matter content in the dispersion. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour. A 15% activated bentonite suspension was obtained. To the laboratory mixer, 65% by weight of water at 65% by weight was added to 77 parts by weight of water. parts of ammonium sulfate, 88 parts by weight of phosphorous (identical to Example 1) and 26.6 parts by weight of bentonite dispersion prepared by the above procedure. The suspension was stirred in a mixer for 30 minutes. A suspension NPS of fertilizer was obtained following the following composition: nutrient ratio N: P2O5: S 1: 2.24: 1.15 total N (wt.%) 5.14 total P2O5 (wt.%) 11.52 total S (wt. 5.92 EXAMPLE 3 165 parts of entectic ammonium sulphate-water (composition as in Example 1), 200 parts of ground phosphite (same as Example 1) were mixed in a laboratory mixer for 15 minutes. , 3.5 parts by weight of attapulgite and 0.6 parts by weight of sulfite liquor. In this way, the suspension NPS fertilizer yielded the following composition: nutrient ratio N: P2O5: S 1: 4.92: 1.15 total N content (wt / wt) 3.7 total Ps-Os content (wt.%) ) 18.2

Total S (mass%) 4.2. Example In a laboratory mixer, 187.5 parts by weight of a suspension of N-P-S fertilizer prepared by Example 1 and 125 parts by weight of a basic stabilized suspension of 3-10-30 containing 3.3% by weight were mixed for 15 minutes. % N, 10.02 wt. % P2O5 and 29.4 wt. % K2O. Thus, a suspension fertilizer of the following composition was obtained: nutrient ratio N: P2O5: K2O: S 1: 2.99: 2.83: 0.78 total N (mass%) 4.15 total P2O5 content ( %) 12.41 total K 2 O (wt%) 11.76 total S (wt%) 3.25. EXAMPLE 5 To 165 parts by weight of nitrogen-sulfur fertilizer, 120 parts by weight of ground phosphite (identical to Example 1) were added, 3 parts by weight of attapulgite and 0.5 parts by weight of sulfite liquor. The suspension was mixed in a mixer for 15 minutes. A suspension NPS of fertilizer was obtained following-composition: nutrient ratio N: P2O5: S 1: 1.48: 0.46 total N content (wt%) 9.43 total P2O3 content (wt / wt) 13.98 total content S (wt%) 4.35.

Claims (1)

258180 9 10 SUBSTANCE Suspension nitrogen-phosphorous-sulfur fertilizer containing finely ground phosphite, characterized in that the basis of the heterodisperse system is a homogeneous phase of binary ammonium sulphate-water or a ternary ammonium sulphate-urea system. The ad-sperged phase is formed by particles of ground phosphorous sedimentary porosity, and can be obtained by ammonium sulphate particles, wherein the homogeneous phase contains 28.0 to 43.6% by weight of ammonium sulphate, 31 to 72% by weight of water. the -terodispersive system is stabilized and optionally contains additional basic, secondary and trace nutrients.