CS253434B1 - Liquid nitrogen-sulphur or liquid multicomponent fertilizer containing nitrogen and sulphur - Google Patents

Abstract

The solution relates to liquid nitrogen-sulfur, or liquid multi-component fertilizers containing nitrogen and sulfur; I contain! in 100 wt. liquid parts fertilizers 5.10 "2 to 5.5.10_1 parts by weight of salt tritium carbonate. It is preferred to use ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium tritium carbonates magnesium or barium. Acid salts tritium carbonate are in liquid fertilizer contained in the form of genuine or colloidal solutions, aqueous emulsions, or suspension form. Liquid fertilizer solutions are agrochemical and agronomically more effective than classical liquid fertilizers not containing any from salts of tritium carbonate, wherein their use increases significantly in use nitrogen contained in the liquid fertilising.

Description

The present invention relates to liquid nitrogen-sulfur or liquid multicomponent fertilizers containing nitrogen and sulfur.

At present, industrially produced non-pressurized liquid fertilizers. solution type, which, with the exception of possible mechanical impurities, do not contain the solid phase. sludge fertilizers and suspensions, which differ in nature and content in suspended solid particles. Nitrogen-free solutions are essentially ammonium nitrate and urea solutions. The most common types of nitrogen solutions of this type and their properties are listed in the following overview:

Contents N (%) Share of individual components temperature crystallization (° C) Specific weight (kg. M ^-3 ) N - NH4NO3 - solutions (%) of CO (NH2) 2 Water 32 44 3 35.4 20.3 0 1 330 30 41.7 33.2 25.1 -10.0 1 300 28 38.8 31.0 30.2 -18.0 1 280

(KLEVKE, V.A. et al.: Židkije azotnyje udobrenia. Moscow,

Izd. Khimija, 1973).

In the CSSR, the production and use of a nitrogen solution of the type 30-0-0, commercially designated as DAM-390, is increasingly applied. Recently, information on the results of the verification of the technology of production of suspension fertilizers containing urea and ammonium sulphate has been appearing more and more often in the scientific literature. The reason for the development of liquid fertilizers of this type is the effort to eliminate the definition of sulfur in soils of several countries, mainly in the USA. As part of the 14th demonstration of new NFDC-TVA technologies in October 1983, the continuous process of manufacturing the so-called "NFL" was transferred. UAS suspension type 29-0-0-5S from H2SO4 (93% H2SO4), urea (70% CO / NH2 / 2), ammonia gas and water.

In the initial period of production of liquid multicomponent fertilizers the usual raw materials were NH3, NH4NO3, urea, H3PO4 and KCl. Due to the relatively low solubility of the components resulting from the combination of these materials, the content of plant nutrients in liquid fertilizers was generally not more than 25-35%, with a crystallization temperature close to 0 ° C.

By substitution of monophosphates by condensed phosphates, polyphosphates achieved a significant increase in concentration and handling properties of produced liquid multicomponent fertilizers. The currently produced NP-fertilizers are mainly solution types, such as 8-24-24, 10-34-0, 12-2828 and 11-37-0, prepared on the basis of mono- and condensed ammonium phosphates. Of the suspension NP-fertilizers, the most common types are: 10-30-30, 11-33-0, 13-38-0 and 9-32-0. Of the large number of different potassium-containing suspension fertilizers, which are usually introduced into the fertilizer in the form of KCl, at least some of the so-called potassium fertilizers can be mentioned. of basic NPK suspensions. They are mainly fertilizers 3—10–30 and 5–15–30. (SLACK, A.V. - ACHORN, F.P .: New Developments in Production and Use of Liquld Fertilizers. Lecture before The Fertilizer Society of London, 15 th February, 1973).

Although the use of liquid fertilizers has made significant progress in the efficient use of plant nutrients, they have also significantly increased labor productivity in the application of industrial fertilizers and have also brought a significant increase in hygiene and culture at the post-production flow of industrial fertilizers. especially nitrogen is still not at an acceptable level.

Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are relatively strongly bound to the soil complex and are relatively well used by plants. However, the use of nitrogen contained in fertilizers is only 30 to 60%. Losses are caused by leaching with water (1-10%), volatilization (20-40%) and a further 20-40% nitrogen in the soil, which is usually converted to non-plant-usable forms. Ammoniacal nitrogen is partially converted to elemental nitrogen.

Plants assimilate nitrogen from nitrogen fertilizers both in the form of ammonium salts and 1 in the form of nitrates. Urea and other nitrogen compounds must first be converted into ammonium salts or nitrates by biochemical processes. The ammonium cation binds strongly to the soil complex, especially to the soil humus. Nitrates, however, are not firmly bound in the ground and easily leaching Nitrogen fertilizer losses cause serious environmental and economic problems.

Agrotechnical as well as chemical methods can be used to reduce nitrogen losses. The chemical methods include fertilizers with reduced solubility (various types of surface-coated fertilizers), slow-acting fertilizers (urea condensates, guanylurea, isobutylidene urea, oxamide, glycoluril, crotolylidene, urea, nitrogen lime, etc.), which prevent the nitrification process, ie the conversion of ammonium ions to nitrate by the action of nitrifying and nitrating bacteria.

It has now been found that, in order to provide higher agrochemical and agronomic efficacy of liquid fertilizer, and in order to achieve a more efficient use of the nitrogen component, it can be achieved by using liquid nitrogen-sulfur or cobalt-containing nitrogen and sulfur-containing fertilizers according to the invention.

The principle of the invention consists in the solution or suspension liquid fertilizers in 100 wt. parts contain at least 5. . IO ² and maximum 5.5.10 ¹ wt. parts by weight of the tritiocarbonic acid salt, (H2CS3).

Liquid nitrogen-sulfur or liquid multicomponent fertilizers containing nitrogen and sulfur according to the invention may contain as tritiocarbonic acid salts ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, or barium tritiocarbonate (thiocarbonate). The solution or suspension liquid fertilizers according to the invention may contain tritiocarboxylic acid salts in the form of a true or colloidal solution, an aqueous emulsion, or in the form of a suspension.

Salts of tritiocarboxylic acid are a source of sulfur as an important biogenic element and many of them also contain other important plant nutrients - ammoniacal nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium. The presence of tritiocarboxylic acid salts in liquid fertilizers negatively affects the microbial oxidation of nitrogen compounds by the action of nitritating and nitrating sub-bacteria and some of them reduce the corrosive aggressiveness of liquid fertilizers to metallic construction materials.

Some of the nitrogen-sulfur or liquid multicomponent fertilizers containing nitrogen and sulfur are documented in the sense of the invention! and illustrate, but in no way limit the following examples.

EXAMPLE

2.5 m ³ of ammonium nitrate and urea-type nitrogen liquid fertilizer of type 30-0.0 were introduced into the liquid fertilizer applicator tank and 0.5 m ^{3 of} an aqueous solution of about 30% sodium tricarbonate was added gradually while stirring through the circulation. (Na2CS3j. By homogenizing the mixture, 3 m ^{3 of a} nitrogen-sulfur liquid type fertilizer were prepared containing 25.5 wt% total nitrogen and 2.8 wt% total sulfur. Liquid fertilizer of low orange-red color and weakly alkaline The nitrogen-sulfur liquid fertilizer thus prepared was applied in the form of so-called regenerative fertilization under winter wheat to an area of about 14 hectares in a dose of about 60 kg N. ha ¹ .

Example 2

A 5.5 m ³ nitrogenous slurry prepared on the basis of urea and ammonium nitrate, type 36-0-0, was introduced into the mixer. The suspension contained 36.1 wt. % total nitrogen, 1.5 wt. % of dry matter, bentonite in sodium form and its specific gravity was 1 300 kg. m ³ . 675 kg of finely divided crystalline barium trithiocarbonate (BaCSsj) was added to the slurry with stirring. 4% by weight of total sulfur Suspension fertilizer was used in a dose of about 95 kg N · ha ^-1 for the autumn fertilization in the soil under the corn maize to flat 27 hectares.

EXAMPLE 1 a d 3

In order to assess the effect of liquid nitrogen-potassium-sulfur fertilizers according to the invention on the degree of utilization of the nitrogen component, the kinetics of degradation of amide nitrogen introduced into the soil (brown) with urea-based liquid nitrogen fertilizer was investigated.

As the source of the nitrogenous component, a liquid fertilizer of the type 20-0-0 (concentrated aqueous solution CO / NH2 / 2) was used, to which in one variant potassium trithiocarbonate was added in the form of an approximately 30% aqueous solution, in an amount, to 1 wt. parts of K2CS3 (the tritiocarbonate concentration in the liquid fertilizer was 2.8 weight percent K2CS3 so that the application solution contained 19.4 weight percent amide nitrogen,

1.2 wt. % K and 1.4 wt. % WITH).

In the case of both the control variant and the test sample of the liquid fertilizer according to the invention, the same level of applied amide nitrogen was maintained in the same treated soil (10 mg N / 100 g of soil).

Three weeks after application of liquid fertilizers to the soil, the soil was analyzed for ammoniacal and nitrate nitrogen content. By recalculating the results of chemical analyzes, the following proportions of the monitored nitrogen species were obtained for the control and test sample of liquid fertilizer:

variant:

Nitrogen applied to the tray in the form:

• liquid N-fertilizers type 20—0—0 / CO (NH2) 2 / (control variant) - liquid NSK fertilizers of type 19,4 - 0 —1,0 - 1,4 S / CO (NH2) 2 + K2CS3 /

The proportion of nitrogen in ammoniacal form, based on the amount of 21.2 amide N applied (%)

Nitrogen content in nitrate form, based on the amount of 51.8 applied amide N (%)

The results show that in the case of using liquid fertilizer in the sense of PV, the

3.7 substantial higher utility of nitrogen component when applied to the pod.

Claims (2)

SUBJECT Liquid nitrogen-sulfur or liquid compound fertilizers containing nitrogen and sulfur, characterized in that in 100 wt. parts of liquid fertilizer containing ² and 5.10 ~ ¹ 5,5.10 parts by weight of salt tritiouhličitej, (H2CS3). invention 2. Liquid fertilizers according to claim 1, characterized in that ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium or harium tritiated carbonate is used as the tritubic acid salt.