CS254652B1 - Fertilizing method for winter wheat during vegetation - Google Patents

Description

(54) The method of fertilizing ozimines with nitrogen during vegetation

2

The solution falls into the field of agricultural crop production. The essence of the solution is that after determining the total amount of nitrogen in the dry matter of the above-ground mass and the dry weight of one hundred plants, in the high-and low-color varieties of winter wheat and in winter barley, nitrogen is applied to 45 pounds. ha ¹ , 30 kg. ha ¹ or 20 kg.

. ha ^-1 depending on the nutritional status of the stands, said amounts of nitrogen being applied at least 3 times during vegetation.

5.2

The invention relates to a method of fertilizing ozimines with nitrogen during vegetation. _; .

Determination of nitrogen doses in agricultural practice is carried out on the basis of elaborated systems of cereal cultivation (elaborated by the Research Institute of Plant Production Piešťany) or local experience. (1979), or Škopikom— (1974 J. These methods have the following drawbacks:

- in principle it is a one-time control linked to a specific growth phase (beginning of the 6th leaf formation), - the determination of the N dose for fertilization is linked to the previous fertilization intensity (average for the last 5 years), which makes objectively N dose assessment difficult , 1974), - because of the different rates of N and P uptake and accumulation during vegetation, as well as the varietal characteristics of flat-rate N: P ratios, they cannot be an objective criterion of N nutritional status across varieties, an increase in the dry matter of vegetative matter during vegetation results in a different N content in the vegetative matter independent of N-nutrition conditions (assuming the results are expressed in mg ^N kg kg ^{-1 of} dry matter, possibly% N). dilution effect caused by faster biomass production compared to intake rate in N. This phenomenon is not taken into account by the current diagnostic methods.

The above-mentioned deficiencies can be substantially eliminated by the method according to the invention which, after determining the total amount of nitrogen in the dry matter of the above-ground mass and the dry matter weight of one hundred plants for high-wheat varieties of winter wheat. % wt. and the dry weight of one hundred plants up to 6 g is 45 kg of nitrogen applied. ha ^-1 for a dry matter weight of 6.1 to 11 g is 30 kg. h ^"1, and the dry weight of 11.1 g to T5 20. ha ^-1 , for low-color varieties of winter wheat at dry weight up to 8 g the amount of nitrogen applied is 45 kg. ha ^-1 , with a dry weight of 8.1 to 19 g 30 kg. ha ^-1 and the dry weight of 19.1 to 24 g is 20 kg. ha ¹ , in the case of oatmeal barley with a dry weight up to 7 g, the amount of nitrogen applied is 45 kg.

. ha ^-1 , with a dry weight of 7.1 to 22 g being 30 kg. ¹ h and a dry weight of 22.1 to 27 g of 20 kg. ha ^-1 , wherein said amounts of nitrogen are applied during vegetation at least 3 times until the nitrogen content in the dry matter is reduced to 1.0 to 1.25% by weight. and an increase in the above-ground mass up to 577 g of high-pebble and 619 grams of low-pebble varieties of wheat, and

425.1 g for oziiftwio barley.

Since the N content in the vegetation mass is related to the dry weight of the plants (% Ňjg.l0o of plants ^-1 ], this method takes into account the dilution effect. Based on multi-year experimental field trials of the whole vegetation period (Table 1 - 3).

The proposed method basically takes into account the chemical and biological process of evaluating the state of N nutrition. The accuracy of the chemical method (determination of N according to Kjeldahl) is up to 5% and the biological method for determining the dry matter mass of biomass is up to 1%. The proposed method makes it possible to monitor the interaction between the N content and the biomass mass during the entire vegetation period. This relationship is defined by the exponential function.

Sampling is carried out continuously during vegetation (flowering - flowering, samples of above-ground mass of 100 plants are taken from a representative area of approx. 30 ha. cm from the root collar. Aboveground mass is freed from impurities such as residues of soil, fertilizers and the like. the thus prepared sample was dried at 105 ^Q C to constant weight and was freeze-dried. Calculate the dry weight of 100 plants. After homogenization of dry matter of 100 plants were taken In the dry matter of the vegetative matter, the total nitrogen content is determined by the normal Kjeldahl method and the% N content calculated on the dry matter of the vegetative matter is calculated.

In FIG. 1 shows the dependence of the effect of differentiated nutrition on nitrogen accumulation in relation to the increase in the dry matter of the above-ground mass of high-wheat winter wheat varieties.

In FIG. 2 shows the effect of differentiated nutrition on the production of grain yields of high-wheat winter wheat varieties.

In FIG. 3 shows the dependence of the effect of differentiated nutrition on nitrogen accumulation in connection with the increase in the dry matter of the above-ground mass of low-wheat winter wheat varieties.

In FIG. 4 shows the effect of differentiated nutrition on the production of grain yields of low-wheat winter wheat varieties.

In FIG. 5 shows the dependence of the effect of differentiated nutrition on nitrogen accumulation in relation to the increase in dry matter of the above-ground mass of winter barley.

In FIG. 6 shows the effect of differentiated nutrition on winter barley grain yield.

Curve 1 represents the accumulation of nitrogen

254852 in above-ground] mass of plants at zero] application of nitrogen - check legs

Curve 2 represents the accumulation of nitrogen in the aboveground mass of the plants at the application of nitrogen at a dose of 110 kg N.hc ¹ , where (the chimney nitrogen dose was divided as follows:

55 kg N. ha ¹ for pre-sowing] preparation of the pod, 27.5 kg N. ha ¹ in III. stage of Kupperman's stage organogenesis] and 27.5 kg N. . ha ¹ in stage V of organogenesis.

Curve 3 represents the accumulation of nitrogen in the aboveground mass of the plants when the nitrogen was applied at 140 kg N. ha ¹ , the total nitrogen charge being divided as follows:

kg N. ha ¹ for pre-sowing preparation, 35 kg N. ha ¹ in III. stage of organogenesis and 35 kg N. ha ^-1 in stage V of organogenesis.

Curve 4 represents the accumulation of nitrogen in the above-ground mass of plants with the application of nitrogen at a rate of 170 kg N. ha ¹ , the total nitrogen dose being divided as follows:

kg N. ha ^-1 for pre-sowing preparation, 42,5 · kg N. ha ^-1 in III. stage of organogenesis and 42.5 kg N. ha ¹ in stage V of organogenesis.

The bar graph a shows the level of grain interest and corresponds to the level of nutrition in the control variant - curve 1.

Bar chart b shows the height of the grain crop and corresponds to the level of nutrition expressed by curve 2.

Column diagram c shows the height of the grain crop and corresponds to the nutritional level expressed by curve 3.

The bar graph d shows the height of the grain crop and corresponds to the level of nutrition expressed by curve 4.

In particular, the examples below show a method for determining the nutritional status of ozimine crops and the subsequent dose of nitrogen per hectare.

Example 1

If it is determined in the above-ground mass of high-brass varieties oz. wheat content nitrogen 4.32%, dry weight 100 plants is 8.3 grams, then from Table no. 1 shows that such a crop has a deep nitrogen deficit. It is recommended to fertilize the crop with a dose of 45 kg N. ha ¹ . Species [resp. further specific analyzes of the nitrogen nutritional status are performed no sooner than 30 days after fertilizer application. Based on the determined nutritional status of the re-control, the following fertilization measures are taken:

uk N = - = S, J5 / a and dry weight of 100 plants = 31 7 g, the crop has a moderate nitrogen deficit and is fertilized with a dose of 30 kilograms N. ha ¹ ,

b) if N --- 3.35% and dry weight of 100 plants = 52.2 g, the crop has a low nitrogen deficit d it is recommended to fertilize with a dose of 20 kg N .ha ¹ ,

c) if N 3.35% and dry weight of 100 plants - 75.5 g, the stand has an optimal nitrogen state and it is not recommended to fertilize it with nitrogen at present.

Example 2

If, in the above-ground mass of low-yield varieties of winter wheat, the nitrogen content is 4.65% and the dry weight of 100 plants is 15.2 g, then from Table no. 2 shows that such a stand has a moderate nitrogen deficit. A dose of 30 kg N, ha ¹ is recommended. For subsequent inspections, the N-nutrient status and the fertilization rate with nitrogen similar to Example 1 are determined, using only the criteria in Table 1. Second

Example 3

If the above-ground mass of winter barley has a nitrogen content of 5.0% and a dry weight of 100 plants is 20.8 g, then from Table no. 3 shows that winter barley growth has a moderate nitrogen deficit. It is recommended to fertilize the crop with a dose of 30 kg N.

. ha ¹ .

Subsequent inspections determine the N-nutrient status and the fertilization rate with nitrogen similar to Example 1 except that the criteria in Table 3 are used.

The method of the invention provides a rational and effective intensification of cereal cultivation. It benefits from the application of scientific methods to ensure the optimization of nitrogen nutrition throughout the entire vegetation period from the point of view of ensuring high yields, saving fertilizers and reducing the negative environmental impact of N and jelm derivatives.

Claims (1)

SUBJECT The method of fertilizing ozimines with nitrogen during vegetation by applying nitrogen to the pod or to the stand, characterized in that after determining the total amount of nitrogen in the dry matter of the above-ground mass and the dry matter weight of one hundred plants % wt. and the dry weight of one hundred plants up to 6 g is 45 kg of nitrogen applied. ha ^-1 , with a dry weight of 6.1 to 11 g being 30 kg. ha ^-1 and with a dry weight of 11,1 to 15 g 20 kg. ha ¹ , in the case of low-color varieties of winter wheat with a dry weight of up to 8 g, the quantity of nitrogen applied is 45 kg. ha ¹ , with a dry weight of 8.1 g 30 kg. ¹ h and a dry weight of 19.1 to 24 g of 20 kg. ha ^-1 , for winter barley at dry weight up to 7 g the amount of nitrogen applied is 45 kg. ha ^-1 , at a dry weight of 7.1 to 22 g it is 30 kg. ha ^-1 and the dry weight of 22.1 to 27 g is 20 kg. . ha ^-1 , wherein said amounts of nitrogen are applied during vegetation at least 3 times until the nitrogen content in the dry matter is reduced to 1.0 to 1.25% by weight. and an increase in the above-ground mass to 577 g of high pebble and 619 g of low pebble varieties of wheat and 429.1 g of winter barley.