CS248790B1 - Method of impregnation - Google Patents

Abstract

The solution concerns impregnation and insulation materials intended for the construction industry. The purpose of the solution is a new method of impregnation or insulation, preventing the penetration of water and aqueous solutions through concrete surfaces. The stated purpose is achieved by the gradual application of reactive compositions of various compositions with various target properties based on tough epoxies, which are characterized by excellent adhesion, resistance to wear, weathering and temperature changes. The surface layer may contain a colored filler or pigment and the reactive composition used in lamination may contain a filler.

Description

The invention relates to a method for impregnating or insulating water and aqueous solutions through concrete surfaces of tanks, pools, reservoirs, sewers and the like, particularly suitable for damaged areas.

Our country does not have large reserves of water. That is why we must manage it well, protect our drinking water resources. Especially in areas such as the South Moravian Region. Long-term watertightness is required not only for sanitary water structures, such as reservoirs, storage tanks, sewage treatment plants and the like, but also for ground tanks, silage pits, swimming pools, digesters, sludge pits and the like.

Hardened concrete can be adversely affected by various chemical influences, either by attacking water, exposure to gases and air, soil and soil minerals, or even chemicals. Rotating water attacks concrete most often. In addition to the concentration of the aggressive components contained in it, its amount is also important. Rotating water disrupts concrete by disrupting and leaching cement components, forming new, less solid compounds, and forms insoluble compounds that increase in volume and expand the concrete by expansion. The assault waters are hungry, acidic, carbonic, sulphate and chloride waters,

Initially, efforts have been made to produce waterproof cement plasters. However, their quality depends too much on the quality of the work, otherwise it often bursts, becomes permeable and requires expensive repairs. Progress has been achieved by machine plastering and the use of colloid mortar. However, the results did not satisfy and even sealants such as calcium and alkaline soaps did not solve the problem, since they only sealed the micropores in the binder, which must themselves be dense and impermeable. In most cases, sealants reduce the mechanical strength of mortars and concretes, so that they cannot be used with new concretes, and in some compositions, concretes with admixtures will break down earlier than without admixtures.

That is why bituminous insulation systems have been used for many years. They are an integral part of the building structure and consist of various base coatings, asphalt cladding layers of self-supporting reinforcing inserts, joined by asphalt pavers but become brittle and lose their flexibility to the deformation of the substrate. Rheological properties, in turn, limit their use to a certain temperature range. Exceeding 'is the cause of many failures.

hot or optionally from a series of paints and the like. k.lesaj íčích

Asphalt bitumen are better than tar bitumen, in cold weather there is a risk of premature solidification of bitumen and thus poor spreading. If the temperature of the underlying masonry is less than + 5 ° C, it must: warm the brickwork, otherwise it would cause cracks in the coating and would be worthless; Frost coating is brittle and slightly damaged. Another disadvantage of resins is that. have a constant plastic flow.

Recently, plastics have been increasingly used in the Czech Republic and abroad. They are, for example, films of polychloride. Their disadvantage is the difficult and, often imperfect connection (by gluing, hot air and high frequency heating) and then that the water extracts from the plasticizer films, hard-film films, cracking; they lose flexibility and leak. They are therefore only suitable as intermediate insulation. Joining metal strips is even more difficult. The use of silicones encounters considerable concern. Conventional epoxy resins have low ductility and cracking upon concrete deformation. Polyethylene plates and foils are very chemically resistant, flexible, lightweight, but even their connection is imperfect.

There are also problems with bonding rubber bands, especially in bends and corners. Moreover, they are difficult to handle because of their large weight. Enamel coatings (polystyrene, epoxy) tend to be limited and have a long service life. Sometimes concrete is protected by fluctuation. Overall, the problem of preventing leakage of water and aqueous solutions techniques so far, does not know the full solution ', \ - y in the construction industry is very complicated and today's state

We have now found that a new way of impregnation or insulation brings significantly better results

to prevent water and aqueous solutions from penetrating concrete surfaces, particularly damaged areas, in which the dry and clean substrate is first primed with an epoxy resin solution with an average molecular weight of 450 to 650, to which an amine hardener is added before use epoxide groups, or epoxy resin solution based on an epoxy resin having an average molecular weight of 370 to 600 and up to C 1-6 alkyl acrylates, to which an amine hardener in an amount corresponding to 90 to 140% of the theory relative to the epoxy and acrylic groups present, or mixture, then a leveling layer of epoxyacrylate based on an epoxy resin having an average molecular weight of 370 to 600, up to C1 to 6 alkylarylates, fillers and an amine hardener is applied in an amount of 90 to 140% of the theory against the epoxy and acrylic groups present , or consisting of a liquid epoxy elastomer with an average molecular weight of 550 to 1000, fillers and an amine hardener in an amount of 90 to 120% of the theory of epoxy groups present, or consisting of a mixture of the above two materials, after curing the putty the filler strips, and then the strips are spread and smeared into the permeate of the reactive composition, and the sloped surfaces are first coated with the reactive composition over the entire surface, then the strips of the filler are laid, squeezed into the reactive composition and sieved, consists of epoxy resin based on an epoxy resin with an average molecular weight of 370 to 600 to C 1-6 alkyl acrylates and an amine hardener in an amount of 90 to 140% of the theory relative to the epoxy and acrylic groups present, or consists of a liquid epoxy elastomer with an average molecular weight of 5 50 to 1000 and an amine hardener in an amount of 90 to 120% of the theory of the epoxy groups present or consisting of a mixture of the two aforementioned masses and then spraying 1 to 3 times a surface layer consisting of epoxy resin epoxyacrylate with an average molecular weight of 370 to 600; % to C1-10 alkylarylates and an amine hardener in an amount of 90-140% of the theory of epoxy and acrylic groups, wherein the surface treatment may comprise a colored filler or pigment and the reactive composition used in the lamination may contain a filler.

The properties of the masses obtained according to the invention can be varied by influencing the density, polarity and topology of the structural network of the mass by changing the quality and quantity of the starting components. By changing the types and proportions of fillers, mechanical and electrical properties (strength, abrasion, surface resistance, etc.) and processability (viscosity, thixotropy) can be influenced. Fillability can also be influenced by the amount of hardener.

The epoxy resins used are prepared by known methods by condensation of epichlorohydrin with bisphenols in an alkaline medium.

Liquid epoxy elastomers are prepared by known procedures from epoxy resins and compounds having an average molecular weight of 170-500 by reaction with polymeric fatty acids or carboxylic low molecular weight polymers having an average molecular weight of 500-4000 and an average carboxyl group content of 1.80-2.07. Typically, a molar ratio of epoxy compound to polymer fatty acid or low molecular weight carboxylic polymer of 1.9 to 5: 1 is used. They often contain reactive diluents such as aliphatic epoxy resins based on diols.

The amine and polyaminoamide curing agents used according to the invention have amine numbers of 150 to 1800 mg KOH / g and cause curing of the liquid compositions of the invention at temperatures of 0 to 60 ° C, at an amount corresponding to 90 to 140% of the theory relative to the reactive group content. In curing, substances that slow or accelerate the chemical reactions of the compounds in a mixture such as phenolic compounds, water, polyols, thiols, ketones, cyclic ethers and the like can be used. Sometimes it is appropriate to use substances affecting the flow, surface tension and the like.

Common fillers such as graphite, sand, talc, chalk, gypsum, glass flour, diatomaceous earth, ground fireclay, fly ash, cement, corundum and garnet waste, amorphous silica, silica gel, alumina, metal dust, asbestos, powder polyvinyl chloride and other polymers and copolymers, pigments such as zinc oxide and the like.

Mats, netting and fabrics made of natural and synthetic fibers, sometimes also strands and staple fibers, can be used as a laminating material. When laying horizontal surfaces, it is also possible to use the working order as for inclined surfaces, to lay the sheet material in a reactive composition.

The epoxy acrylates formed by impregnation or isolation according to the invention have a ductility of 10 to 50% at an ultimate tensile strength of 30 to 70 MPa and an impact strength of 40 to 90 kJ / m. The resulting epoxy rubbers have a ductility of 10 to 100% and a tensile strength of 3 to 40 MPa. Impregnations are characterized by excellent adhesion, wear resistance, weathering and temperature and water and oil impermeability. These good properties can be used especially in agricultural construction, repair of swimming pools, concrete tanks and so on.

In penetration, it is preferred to use an aromatic hydrocarbon such as toluene as solvent. The use of ketones is less suitable for ketimine formation and slow release from the substrate. Mixtures containing alcohols are less suitable.

The impregnation and insulation according to the invention are carried out by coating, rolling, spreading, gravel, spraying and the like. Multiple layers of the same and different quality can be combined. It is important to thoroughly mix all components and apply them so that there are as few air bubbles in the protective coatings and layers as possible. Ensure that moisture or dirt does not penetrate between the layers. This could impair the adhesion of one layer to the other. Cement surfaces must be dry, stiff, slightly rough, free of cement milk, dust and loose particles, free of oils and grease or other impurities that could impair adhesion. If desired, the surface may be sandblasted or pressurized, flamed, abraded, and the like.

The treads, such as steps and upper edges, should be treated anti-skid so that they are sprinkled with sand after application of the reactive composition.

He did

To compare the impregnation test, concrete tiles (20x20x4 cm, second class concrete) were built into a 2 x 1 x 0.6 m wooden box to form a pit with sloping walls (about 60 °). Undamaged tiles were used on the sloping walls, and on the bottom, the tiles were deliberately broken with a heavy hammer into several pieces, from which the bottom was assembled with a series of cracks. The joints and the bottom were cemented with cement mortar. The prepared wells were impregnated after 2 months of maturation in the following ways (parts by weight):

Sink A - four times painted with asphalt (Estadien) using a brush at 23 ° C.

Well B - penetration to spray gun saturation by a system consisting of 70 parts epoxy resin of average molecular weight 565, 30 parts 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 70 parts toluene and 11.2 parts diethylenetriamine at 23 ° C.

The next day, the recesses, joints and cracks were sealed with 25 parts epoxy acrylate resin consisting of 70 parts epoxy resin 588 average molecular weight and 30 parts 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 60 parts fine hardened paper and fabric butcher, 12 parts blue epoxy two-component inks and 2.7 parts of diethylenetriamine at 21 ° C. After 6 hours at 23 ° C, a reactive composition consisting of 75 parts liquid epoxy elastomer with an average molecular weight of 791, 52.5 parts by weight of an average molecular weight epoxy resin of 570, 22.5 parts of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, and 14.6 parts of diethylenetriamine.

A thin fabric made of nylon and glass fibers (GEMAL,

Vertex, Moravsky Krumlov). The next day, two coatings consisting of 80 parts epoxyacrylate resin consisting of 80% epoxy resin having a mean molecular weight of 502, 3% n-butyl acrylate and 17% 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 60 parts toluene, 3 parts epoxy blue two-component paint and 13, 9 parts of trimethylhexamethylenediamine at 23 ° C.

Well G - penetration to spray gun saturation by a system consisting of 37 parts epoxy resin with an average molecular weight of 546, 2.7 parts diethyltriamine and 80 parts toluene at 23 ° C.

The next day, an equalizer of 100 parts of liquid epoxy elastomer with an epoxy group content of 0.246 mol / 100 g, 15 parts of polyvinyl chloride powder and 9.4 parts of trimethylhexamethylenediamine at 23 ° C was applied. The next day lamination was strengthened at 20 ° C using a reactive composition consisting of 25 parts epoxyacrylate resin consisting of 70% epoxy resin with an average molecular weight of 588 and 30% 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 10 parts fine hardened paper and fabric cutter and 2 parts. , 5 parts diethylenetriamine. Jute burlap was used as a filler. The next day, a single layer having the same composition as the coating at well B was sprayed at a temperature of 20 ° C.

The well D - penetration was carried out with a mixture of penetration solutions used for wells B and C in a weight ratio of 1: 1, temperature 23 ° C.

The next day, a leveling compound of 50 parts of an average molecular weight epoxy elastomer of 791, 70 parts of an average molecular weight epoxy of 560, 25 parts of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 5 parts of dibutyl phthalate and 14.7 parts of triethylenetetramine was applied at 21 ° C. The same fabric as well B was used as the filler. The next day, three coatings were sprayed at a temperature of 17 to 23 ° C with 80 parts epoxyacrylate resin consisting of 80% epoxy resin with an average molecular weight of 502.3% n- butylacrylate 17% 2-ethylhexylacrylate, 60 parts toluene and 11 parts triethylenetetramine.

The water level drop in mm was observed in all wells, see the table:

time in months 1 3 6 9 sump A 5 16 35 empty (B) 2 6 9 15 Dec C 3 6 10 18 D 3 5 8 16

Initial level height 450 mm. Wells filled with water were placed in the shed come roof.

Claims (3)

SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION Process for impregnating or insulating water and aqueous solutions from penetrating concrete surfaces, in particular disturbed / characterized in that a dry and clean substrate is primed with an epoxy resin solution having an average molecular weight of 450 to 650, to which an amine hardener is added before use corresponding to 90 to 110% of the theory of epoxy groups or epoxyacrylate-based epoxyacrylate solution with an average molecular weight of 370 to 600 and up to alkyl acrylates to which an amine hardener in the amount of 90 to 140% of the theory is present before epoxy and acrylic groups present or a mixture thereof, then one or two layers of a leveling compound consisting of epoxyacrylate based on an epoxy resin with an average molecular weight of 370 to 600 are applied, up to alkyl acrylates, fillers and an amine hardener in an amount of 90 to 140% of the theory epoxy and acrylic groups present, or consisting of a liquid epoxy elastomer of an average molecular weight of 550 to 1000, fillers and an amine hardener in an amount of 90 to 120% of the theory relative to the epoxy groups present, or consisting of a mixture of the above two; the filler strips are mutually overlapping on horizontal surfaces and then applied and spread to permeate the reactive composition, and on the sloping surfaces the reactive composition is first applied over the entire surface, then the strips of the filler are laid, squeezed into the reactive composition and sieved wherein the reactive composition consists of an epoxy resin based on an epoxy resin with an average molecular weight of 370 to 600, up to alkyl acrylates, and an amine hardener in an amount of 90 to 140% of the theory relative to the epoxy and acrylic groups present, or consists of liquid epoxy elasto of an average molecular weight of 550 to 1000 and an amine hardener in an amount of 90 to 120% of the theory of epoxy groups present, or consist of a mixture of the above two masses, then spraying 1 to 3 times the epoxyacrylate-based epoxy resin having a molecular weight of 370 to 600, up to alkyl acrylates and an amine hardener in an amount of 90 to 140% of the theory relative to the content of epoxy and acrylic groups. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the last protective coating comprises a colored filler or pigment. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the laminating binder comprises a filler.