RU2291172C1 - Hydroinsulating mastic - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building industry and materials.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to manufacturing polymeric building hydroinsulating materials. Hydroinsulating mastic comprises, wt.-%: bitumen-polymeric component HL, 38.0-40.5; xylene, 23.0-24.3; mineral filling agent, 30.3-32.3, and dioctyl phthalate, the balance. Invention provides the development of mastic showing enhanced physical-mechanical properties (adhesion to metal, concrete, water absorption, strength) and stable in large range of exploiting temperatures, low cost of its manufacturing. Proposed mastic can be used in manufacturing and repairing roofing, sealing agents and repair materials used for hydroinsulating protection of concrete, brick and similar above ground and underground buildings, and for anti-corrosive protection of metallic constructions and pipe lines.

EFFECT: improved and valuable technical properties of mastic.

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Description

The invention relates to the production of polymer building waterproofing materials used in the production and repair of roofs, sealants and repair materials used for waterproofing protection of concrete, brick, etc. aboveground and underground structures, as well as corrosion protection of metal structures and pipelines.

Known insulating bitumen-polymer mastic for anticorrosive protective coatings of underground pipelines, including a mixture of bitumen, thermoplastic elastomer, plasticizer - industrial oil, filler - rubber crumb and modifier (RU, US Pat. 2241897, F 16 L 58/12, C 08 L 95 / 00).

The industrial oil used as a plasticizer during mastic operation oxidizes under the influence of temperature and atmospheric effects and dries out, aging occurs, plasticity and physical and mechanical properties change, internal stresses arise and internal bonds break, which ultimately leads to deformation and corrosion of pipelines , especially in conditions of temperature changes. In addition, this mastic has insufficient adhesion to metal.

Known waterproofing composition containing bitumen, rubber crumb, fibrous filler, waste polyethylene, a plasticizer selected from the group comprising dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, triphenyl phosphate and sulfur (RU, US Pat. 2026323, C 08 L 95/00). This composition provides sufficient reliability for the protection of concrete materials in conditions of significant temperature changes. However, a significant drawback of this composition is the insufficiently high physicochemical properties (low value of flexibility, elasticity), as well as the difficulty in obtaining the necessary operational properties. The addition of rubber to bitumen improves operational properties, especially frost resistance, but significantly worsens the viscous flow properties (at technological temperatures of 180-200 ° C) due to poor compatibility of rubber with bitumen. Therefore, to obtain a homogeneous composition composition with an improved set of properties, special attention is paid to both grinding rubber and the use of various additives, such as sulfur, which improve the compatibility of bitumen and crumb rubber, that is, the technology for preparing the composition involves a large number of components, which greatly complicates the process therefore, increases the cost of the production process of the composition.

The closest technical solution to the claimed is a bitumen-polymer composition containing bitumen, polymer, industrial oil waste as a plasticizer and mineral filler - chalk (RU, US Pat. 2184751, C 08 L 95/00, 9/00, C 08 K 3 /10).

The disadvantage of this composition is its low adhesive properties.

The technical result of the proposed technical solution is the creation of mastics with enhanced physical and mechanical properties (adhesion to metal, concrete, water absorption, strength) and resistant to a wide range of operating temperatures, as well as low cost of its manufacture.

The technical result is achieved in that the waterproofing mastic includes bitumen, polymer, plasticizer, finely divided mineral filler with fractions of 0.08-0.15 mm, while bitumen and polymer are presented as a separate independent bitumen-polymer component HL, made on the basis of bitumen and thermoplastic polymers, as a plasticizer contains dioctyl phthalate and additionally contains a solvent - xylene in the following components, wt.%:

Bitumen-polymer component HL 38.0-40.5 Xylene 23.0-24.3 Mineral filler 30.3-32.3 Dioctyl phthalate rest

The basis of the claimed mastic is a bitumen-polymer component HL based on bitumen and thermoplastic materials. It is a viscous liquid with a density of 0.96-1.2 g / l.

When the stated quantitative ratio of the components of the mastic in the process of the corresponding technological process of preparation is the formation of the structure of the composition with a synergistic effect.

Thus, the bitumen-polymer component in the composition works with the plasticizer dioctyl phthalate as a plasticizing binder with the construction of new molecular and intermolecular bonds. Moreover, in the claimed amount of plasticizer, its function is manifested in the greatest activity, enhancing the adhesive and diffusion properties. In conjunction with a finely dispersed mineral filler, the bonds penetrate into the filler rapidly without disturbing the filler structure, with the formation of a new composition structure with improved physical and mechanical properties (adhesion to metal and concrete, strength and water absorption) and resistant to aggressive environments and temperature extremes . Used xylene dilutes the composition to the required consistency with the exception of coagulability. In addition, depending on the quantitative composition of the plasticizer, it is possible to obtain several compositions of mastic with a different spectrum of action. So, for the repair of roofs, a greater amount of plasticizer is necessary, since mastic penetrates the roof due to the chemical interaction of the mastic with the bitumen component of the roof. To paint surfaces from other materials, a smaller amount of plasticizer is required, since the mastic adheres well to the surface layer of the surface to be painted.

To prepare the mastic use:

- Bitumen-polymer component HL manufactured by HALIK. Ltd, Israel.

- Mineral filler - sand, marble powder, chalk and other finely divided fillers with fractions from 0.15 to 0.08 mm according to relevant regulatory documents.

- Plasticizer - dioctyl phthalate according to GOST 8728-88.

- Xylene petroleum in accordance with GOST 9410-72.

- Pigments according to GOST 4579-79.

Mastic is prepared as follows.

I. HL-1-MK mastic for repairing soft roofs and new ones.

Example 1

Mastic is prepared indoors at temperatures from -10 ° C to + 40 ° C. The bitumen-polymer component HL is poured into a working mixer, the color is filled in the amount necessary to obtain the desired color. Then fill up the mineral filler - chalk. After filling the last portion of the filler, the mixer works for 30 minutes, after which dioctyl phthalate is added and the mixture is stirred for 30 minutes, xylene is added and mixed for another 15 minutes. Moreover, to obtain the finished product 1300 kg, the number of components is taken at a content of their wt.%:

Bitumen-polymer component HL 38,0 Xylene 23.0 Mineral filler 30.3 Dioctyl phthalate rest

Received mastic in the form of a viscous creamy mass with the color of the pigment used and the following physical and mechanical properties:

- Conditional strength, MPa, with a film thickness of 0.5-0.8 mm - 2.16-2.98

- Relative elongation at break,%, - not less than 375

- Adhesion, MPa:

to concrete 0.38 to metal 0.4 to roofing material 1.3

- Water absorption (24 hours), wt.% - 0.38

- Softening point, ° С - 87

- Heat resistance (elongation),%

+ 30 ° С 2.7 + 40 ° C 7.5 + 50 ° C destruction

Repair of soft roofs and the installation of new ones using the mastic composition described above.

When repairing roofs, all damaged sections of the roof are covered, after which they clean the entire surface of the roof from dirt and dust and apply a waterproofing carpet from mastic in two layers. The first layer impregnates the material on which it is applied, filling all pores and microcracks, polymerizes in it for 2-4 hours, depending on the ambient temperature. Then a second layer is applied, forming a seamless monolithic coating with a thickness of 0.5 to 0.8 mm of any color gamut in the form of a plastic polyethylene film that does not allow moisture to pass at a direct pressure of up to 7 atm, and at a reverse of 1 atm. At low temperatures, the mastic does not require heating. The adhesion of the mastic to the roof surface occurs due to its chemical connection with the bitumen component of the roofing material (roofing material, rubemast, fiberglass, etc.). During adhesion, the active gas component of the mastic penetrates into the roofing material, enters into chemical interaction with bitumen, forming a copolymer bitumen composition that restores the plastic and elastic properties of bitumen, that is, old roofs restore the quality of bitumen included in their composition and thereby extend the life of the roof. In the case of the installation of a new roof, the concrete surface of the roof is covered with one of the roofing materials (rubemast, fiberglass, etc.), a waterproofing layer is applied to it according to a technology similar to the repair of roofs.

In both cases, a coating with high physical and mechanical properties was obtained, operating in the temperature range from + 40 ° C to -40 ° C.

II. Mastic HL-1-ZhB for waterproofing concrete, metal, slate, brick.

Example 2

Mastic is prepared according to example 1 with the content of components, wt.%:

Bitumen-polymer component HL 39.0 Xylene 23,4 Mineral filler 31.3 Dioctyl phthalate rest

Marble powder is used as a mineral filler. Mastic prepared according to example 2 is used for waterproofing foundations, concrete and brick walls, pools, tanks, basements, sedimentation tanks, fountains, various sports facilities, as well as corrosion protection of metal structures and pipelines.

Waterproofing is done by coloring the mastic on two layers of any color scheme that does not require protective walls and preliminary primers. The first layer adheres to the deposited surface, filling all pores and microcracks, polymerizes in it (hardens) within 2 to 4 hours depending on the ambient temperature, then the second layer is applied, forming a single monolithic coating with a thickness of 0, 5 to 0.8 mm. After polymerization (hardening) of the 2nd layer, it is possible to carry out work on filling the foundations.

The use of mastic in this type of waterproofing reduces labor costs, ensures good operation, protects the structures of buildings and structures from chemical corrosion of concrete and other materials in aggressive environments, increases the waterproof grade of concrete with direct water pressure from W2 to W16, and reduces friction on vertical surfaces when expanding soil. The surfaces are painted with a brush, roller or airless spray (Erles method).

When waterproofing metal structures and metal pipelines, HL-1-ZhB mastic is a new effective rust modifier, as forms an ionic bond with iron oxides and hyperoxides, and due to nitrile groups, an ion-dipole interaction with the metal takes place. When painting metal structures, in comparison with chemically resistant varnishes, it protects metal from rust for 53 years, and when painting pipelines it plays the role of enhanced anti-corrosion waterproofing. Protects structures from the effects of chemical compounds, acids, salts, etc. It is an excellent anticorrosive waterproofing material, it adheres well to a metal surface and any other that it is applied to. It works as a monolithic coating without joints and seams in the temperature range from +40 to -40 ° С, the film formed on the metal surface and the surface of the pipeline does not let moisture through at a direct pressure of up to 7 atm, and at a reverse pressure of 1 atm. Mastic applied to the pipeline and metal structures during climate tests showed that its resistance to temperature and humidity corresponds to at least 10 years in terms of decorative properties and at least 53 years in terms of durability. It does not exfoliate at a temperature of pipelines up to + 140 ° С. Withstands the influence of stray currents up to 2 kW.

Painting is carried out on 2 layers with a brush, roller or airless spray (Erles method) and does not require thorough cleaning of the surface from rust. The first layer adheres to the deposited surface, filling all micropores, polymerizes in it within 2 to 4 hours depending on the ambient temperature (at t + 18 ° С after 2 hours, and at t -40 ° С through 4 hours, then a second layer is applied, forming a monolithic coating with a thickness of 0.5 to 0.8 mm. Paint mastic is available in any color scheme at the request of the consumer.

III. Mastic HL-1-B for dust removal (painting) and waterproofing of concrete floors.

Example 3

Mastic is prepared according to example 1 with the content of components, wt.%:

Bitumen-polymer component HL 40.35 Xylene 24.2 Mineral filler 32,3 Dioctyl phthalate rest,

and sand is used as a mineral filler.

The painted surface of concrete floors is carefully prepared, having cleaned it of dust and dirt, after which they are painted in two layers. The first layer is applied to the prepared surface with a brush, roller or airless spray (Erles method) and is aged from 2 to 4 hours, filling all pores and microcracks, polymerizes (hardens) depending on the ambient temperature, forming a thin film. After polymerization of the 1st layer, a second texture layer is applied, forming a vapor-permeable monolithic film with a thickness of 0.5 to 0.8 mm of any color scale.

IV. Mastic HL-1-F for painting building facades and interior spaces.

Example 4

Mastic is prepared according to example 1 with the content of components, wt.%:

Bitumen-polymer component HL 40.5 Xylene 24.3 Mineral filler 30,4 Dioctyl phthalate rest,

and marble powder is used as a mineral filler.

Mastic HL-1-F, prepared according to example 4, is a good painting material and is used as a decorative coating for all types of facades of brick and concrete, plastered, metal, wood, slate, etc., adheres well to any surface, including Fiberboard, particleboard, dry plaster, etc.

Any painted surface of the facade must be carefully prepared for painting, after which they are painted in two layers. The first layer is applied to the prepared surface with a brush, roller or airless spray (Erles method) and is aged from 2 to 4 hours, filling all pores and microcracks, polymerizes (hardens) depending on the ambient temperature, forming a thin film. After polymerization of the 1st layer, a second texture layer is applied, forming a vapor-permeable monolithic film with a thickness of 0.5 to 0.8 mm of any color scale.

Due to the increased adhesion of the HL-1-F material to various materials used in the decoration of facades, and with a good preparation of the surface for painting, peeling and expansion of the HL-1-F coating is excluded, and during further operation no new painting is required for 8 -10 years for decorative properties, and for protective - at least 53-40 years. If the facade is dirty, the surface is easily washed with water.

The facade coating HL-1-F has excellent water-repellent properties, is resistant to ultraviolet radiation, adverse environmental effects and pollution. Due to its ease of use, low consumption and low shrinkage, the HL-1-F facade paint is economical, has good waterproofing, anti-corrosion and anti-fungal properties.

Table 1 shows the compositions of the mastic, in table 2 - its indicators.

The claimed mastic, which has a wide spectrum of action, was used in a sharply continental climate in Khabarovsk to obtain waterproofing, anti-corrosion coatings for various objects. So, from 2003 to 2005, a large number of roof repair work was carried out, the facades of buildings and pipelines were painted, repair work was carried out on reinforced concrete aeration tanks, hot and cold water pipelines, as well as painting the interior surfaces of basements of buildings and structures. In all cases of using mastic, waterproofing coatings have been obtained that are resistant to a sharp difference in day and night temperatures and high humidity, typical for this region, which implies its wide industrial use in various sectors of the economy.

Claims (1)

Waterproofing mastic including bitumen, polymer, plasticizer, finely dispersed mineral filler with fractions of 0.08-0.15 mm, characterized in that it contains bitumen and polymer, presented as a separate independent bitumen-polymer component HL, made on the basis of bitumen and thermoplastic polymers , as a plasticizer contains dioctyl phthalate and additionally contains a solvent - xylene - in the following components, wt.%: Bitumen-polymer component HL 38.0-40.5 Xylene 23.0-24.3 Mineral filler 30.3-32.3 Dioctyl phthalate Rest