CS248698B1 - Process for processing heterogeneous wastes, especially from flooring - Google Patents

Abstract

The purpose of the solution is to enable the use of production waste from flooring and materials of a similar nature while meeting basic requirements such as simplicity of the process, low energy and investment requirements and at the same time sufficient quality of the obtained regenerate. This purpose is achieved by a procedure in which the waste arising from the production of the said materials is separated immediately after the edge is trimmed at a temperature of 30 to 100 °C, preferably 80 °C, at the point of the connecting thermoplastic intermediate layer, using the thermal energy of the material remaining from previous production operations, and the separated plastic component is further processed. It is advantageous to obtain the regenerate directly in the production plant by disintegration of the separated honeycomb component in a knife mill with a mesh diameter of 3 mm.

Description

The invention provides a method for the recovery of heterogeneous wastes, in particular of floor coverings, but also of other layered sheet materials which consist of a single or composite plastic layer, a connecting thermoplastic intermediate layer and a textile backing.

In the treatment of heterogeneous plastics-containing wastes, even in combination with any materials, it is almost always a separation of the individual components, both in terms of abolishing adhesion between the plastic and the second component, and in the sense . This separation or clean-up of ingredients is not an easy matter and often requires a large proportion of both live and materialized work. * Nevertheless, waste treatment has to be phased in, especially for increasingly urgent environmental reasons. However, the economic side of the process is, of course, at the forefront of processors

The prior art processes are mostly based on separation after prior disintegration into small particles, where the disintegration causes the adhesion to be abolished and the subsequent separation of the components is carried out, for example, pneumatically or in a liquid environment using different specific gravity of the individual components. require special equipment (investment) and, last but not least, can be labeled as space-consuming *

Other processes use solvents to separate plastic from the substrate, ie, converting the plastic into solution, filtering out the solution, precipitating the plastic and recovering the solvent. * This places emphasis on the health, economy and efficiency of the process.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,624,009: the entire system is closed, the loss of solvents is minimal and the purity of the separated plastic is practically 100%. However, if all requirements are met, the process becomes both energy and equipment intensive ·

In addition to the methods described, some other principles are known, such as splitting, splitting, simple mechanical entrainment, and the like. For wastes where the thickness fluctuates, such as trimming produced in flooring, trimming is very problematic and the latter is simple. removal of flooring is not possible at all ·

Wastes arising from the production of the floor covering by trimming to a uniform width of the finished product are still disposed of by incineration or disposal due to their difficult processability · Unsuitability of both methods, especially from the ecological point of view, is obvious ·

The disadvantages of the hitherto known methods for the regeneration of heterogeneous wastes, in particular of floor coverings, but also of other laminated flat materials consisting of a single or composite plastic layer, a connecting thermoplastic interlayer and a textile backing, are eliminated in the method of regeneration of these materials. that the production waste is separated immediately after cutting the edges at a temperature of 30 to 100 ° C, preferably 80 ° C, at the site of the bonding thermoplastic intermediate layer, using the thermal energy of the material remaining after previous manufacturing operations, and the separated plastic component is further processed . The regeneration process according to the invention is suitable to be carried out directly at the factory by disintegrating the separated plastic component in a knife mill into particles which pass through a 3 mm sieve.

The regeneration process according to the invention can be carried out on materials in which the mechanical strength of the two separated layers at the separation temperature is clearly higher than the adhesion between the layers at this temperature. This means that due to such stresses during delamination layer separation · This condition is well fulfilled for flooring and materials

- 3,248,898 of a similar nature, as shown in the following tables: Table I - Lysite Isolate - separability

temperature interference kpKj $ 1/1 mm / x ^ 20 May 40 60 80 100 ALIGN! textile mat X 38.66 31.26 24.86 20.30 plastic layer X 84.50 57.46 23.34 12.90 adhesion of layers X 7.34 3.26 1.06 0.36

Note: x) - cannot be separated

Table II - Esterolite flooring - separability

^ X. the heat of those ? Q / force k po ^ x. interference ^ x ^ í / 10 mm / x x. 20 May 40 60 - 80 100 ALIGN! textile mat 89.86 91.66 92.26 76.34 53,60 plastic layer 127.66 91.00 56.74 26,00 12.74 adhesion of layers 5.16 6.66 3.14 1.16 0.56

It is apparent from Tables I, II that the mechanical strength of the separated layers is at least 5 times higher than the adhesion of the layers even at lower temperatures. With higher temperatures the adhesion decreases faster than the layer strength, so that the strength to adhesion ratio increases up to 25 times Thus, it can be said that the separation according to the invention is very feasible for these materials. Similarly, other materials of analogous character can be evaluated. (For the comparison of adhesion and mechanical strength, the strength of the two layers, which at the given temperature was lower, was always considered)

- 4,248,698

An important prerequisite for further successful processing of the obtained plastic is the high purity of the separated layer, thus the minimum fiber content in this layer. This factor depends on the separation temperature, as shown in the following table:

Table 111 - purity of separation

tejo ^ ota the fiber content is 20 May 40 60 80 100 ALIGN! Isolat X 12.14 3.37 0.74 0.47 Esterolit 0.30 0.25 0.10 0 0

Notes: x) - it is not possible to separate the fiber content ΛΖ- in a separate plastic layer - determined extra

The separated plastic layer is chopped into shorter sections and further processed by means of knife mills to regeiwate, which is added to the primary raw material. The most advantageous solution is to process the production waste to regenerate on-site by the by line system, as is known for example from injection molding plants. This saves on transport and storage costs.

The obtained regenerate is of high quality - it is prepared from the production waste, ie fresh and unused material, and has a high purity - fiber content does not exceed 1% · These facts allow to add regenerate to the primary raw material for production no hassle ·

The practice of the regeneration process of the invention is described in the following examples.

Example 1

Insulating flooring Insulations after thermoplastic joining of tread layer, center foil, joint layer and textile backing was guided through the stabilization tunnel and cut to poison

- 5 248 898 width. The trimmed edges at a temperature of about 30 ° C were heated to 60 ° C and separated into a plastic layer consisting of a tread and a middle layer and a textile backing with a layer of a tie layer. Due to the relatively low temperature, parts of the tie layer and fibers were torn from the textile backing. Nevertheless, separation was performed; the force required to separate the layers was 3.26 N / 10 mm (see Table I). The fiber content of the obtained polyvinyl chloride layer was 3.37% (see Table III).

A knife mill with a 3 mm mesh sieve was used to make the regenerate. Due to the lower purity, the regenerate was rolled with the primary mixture in a weight ratio of 3: 7 to the central foil of the flooring Insuit.

Example 2

The trimmed edges of the 30 ° C insulate flooring were heated to 80 ° C in a hot-air oven and subjected to separation in a set of separation rolls. The separation of the layers occurred very easily - with a thickness of 1.06 N / 10 mm (see Table I) - and also the purity of both components was very good - the fiber content in the plastic layer was 0.74% (see Table III). The regenerated plastic layer was recovered as in Example 1. Due to its high purity, the regenerate was treated with a primary mixture in a 1: 1 weight ratio.

Example 3

After passing through the stabilization tunnel and before cooling on the rollers, the Esterolit flooring had a temperature of about 30 ° C. The trimmed edges were successfully separated without additional heating. The separation force was 9 N / 10 mm and the purity of the plastic layer obtained was very high - a fiber content of 0.28%. The temperature before cooling is sufficient for this type of floor covering to be easily carried out. Further processing is the same as in Example 2.

Claims (2)

1 »Method for the regeneration of heterogeneous wastes, in particular of floor coverings, but also of other laminated flat materials consisting of a single or a composite plastic layer, a thermoplastic interlayer and a textile backing, characterized in that at a temperature of 30 to 100 ° C, preferably 80 ° C, at the site of the bonding thermoplastic intermediate layer, utilizing the thermal energy of the material remaining after previous manufacturing operations, and the separate plastic component is further processed. 2. Method for the recovery of heterogeneous wastes according to claim 1, characterized in that the regenerate is obtained directly in the production plant by disintegrating the separated plastic component in a knife mill with a sieve with a mesh diameter of 3 mm.