CS244985B1 - Spruce Lure Tooth Lure - Google Patents

Abstract

The solution relates to a means for attracting spruce bark beetles, consisting of (SJ-cis-verbenol, as another component of the primary attractant or attractants and/or xylene, which additionally contains an alkynol of the general formula I R2 I C=CH I oh in which R1 and R2 independently of each other mean methyl or ethyl in an amount of 10 to 90% by weight. The solution can be used in forestry.

Description

The invention relates to a means of attracting the spruce bark beetle — Ips typographus.

The spruce bark beetle is one of the most dangerous and economically important pests of spruce stands throughout Eurasia. It is a polygamous and polyvoltine species with a high reproductive capacity. Since its populations develop in the bark under the protection of the bark, it multiplies in the presence of an excess of suitable nutrient material and favorable climatic conditions to such an extent that it becomes an aggressive primary pest, infesting even completely healthy spruce stands and causing extensive damage to forestry.

Current practice essentially uses two methods of protecting spruce stands against spruce bark beetles. The first of these is based on the laborious and economically disadvantageous use of felled spruce trunks as traps and chemical destruction by spraying with insecticides. In addition to the disadvantages already mentioned, another negative aspect of this method is the undesirable disturbance of the ecological balance of the forest caused by the insecticides used. The second method of combating spruce bark beetles is based on their mass capture using pheromones released from evaporators placed in suitable traps. This method is based on the well-known knowledge that bark beetles use a communication system that is predominantly chemical in nature. It includes natural chemicals, so-called pheromones, which are produced by bark beetles under certain conditions, among other things, by transforming the resin components of the attacked trees. These substances remain in the environment and other individuals of the same species perceive and react to them even at very low concentrations. In the spruce bark beetle, males first fly to host trees, releasing pheromones and attracting females and other males until the tree is completely populated. Analyses of wood pulp, which is the result of the destructive activity of woodlice and also contains their feces, have proven the presence of the following substances, which have the character of pheromones: cis-verbenol, 2-methyl-6-methylene-2,7-octadelen-4-ol (ips-dienol), 2-methyl-6-methylene-7-octen-4-ol (ipsenol) (Science 154, No. 3 748, 509 to 510, 1966j, trans-verbenol, verbenone, myrtenol, trans-myrtenol, 2-phenylethanol (J. Chem. Ecol. 10, 1029, 1984 J. Analyses of the contents of the intestines of the spruce bark beetle have proven the presence of another component of its communication system, which is 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (Naturwissenschaften 64, 98, 1977 j. It is known that the individual components of the communication pheromone system of the spruce bark beetle have a relatively low attracting effect, but they synergize with each other and thus attract both females to an increased extent and act aggregately on males. This knowledge is based on a known agent for attracting bark beetles, especially spruce bark beetles, containing cis-verbenol, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol and possibly also ipsdienol (CS 196 414 J. Primary attractants of spruce bark beetles produced by host spruce trees are also known, such as some monoterpenic hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpenic hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes.

A qualitatively different approach to solving the problem of attracting spruce bark beetles is the use of synthetic attractants, which are not components of the natural pheromone communication system of this pest and are not known to be its primary attractants produced by host trees, and which can be used for a given purpose either alone or in mixtures with the pheromone of this pest as well as with its primary attractants produced by host trees.

The subject of SU 683 046 is the use of 3-ketobutanol, 3-epoxybutan-2-ol and 2-methyl-2-epoxypropanol as attractants for spruce bark beetles. Dienols derivatives of the general formula are also known as attractants for spruce bark beetles (SU 730 333).

R—CH—OH2—C—CH=CH2 .

I II

OH CH2 where R is a group

CH3—CH?—CH=CH— or.

CH3—CH=C- :

·... · ·. . 4. CH3 ..·· . .

The subject of SU 692 122 is an attractant for spruce bark beetles, containing 2-methyl-6-methylene-7-octen-4-ol (ipsenol), 2-methyl-6-methylene-2,7-octadien-4-ol (ipsdienol) and trans-verbenol, which, in order to increase its effectiveness, also contains 3-ketobutanol, 3-epoxybutan-2-ol, 2-methyl-2-epoxypropanol, citronellol and heavy fractions of spruce essential oils. The attractive effect of the mixture of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol with (SJ-cis-verbenol can also be increased by adding xylene.

It has now been found that a composition according to the invention consisting of (S J-cis-verbenol, as a further component of the primary attractant or attractants from the group comprising monoterpenic hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpenic hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes produced by host spruce trees and/or xylene is suitable for attracting the spruce wood borer, Ips typographus. The essence of the invention lies in the fact that it contains up to 10% by weight of (S j-cis-verbenol, up to 55% by weight of the primary attractant or attractants and/or

8.3 to 50% by weight of xylene, and up to 90% by weight of an alkynol of general formula I

R2

R ¹ —C—C=CH

OH (I) in which R1 and R2 independently of each other are methyl or ethyl.

It has also been found that it is advantageous if the composition according to the invention contains 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol as the alkynol of the general formula I.

Alkynols of general formula 1 are not known as components of the natural pheromone communication system of spruce bark beetles or as their primary attractants produced by host trees. It has now been found that they act as attractants for spruce bark beetles and in combinations with components of its natural pheromone communication system as well as with its primary attractants produced by host spruce trees and, where appropriate, xylene exhibit a significant synergistic effect.

The amount of active ingredients in the composition according to the invention is preferably such that all active ingredients evaporate from the composition approximately simultaneously during the entire period of its use. Such controlled release of active ingredients is achieved both by their presence in the composition and also by adjusting the arrangement of the composition. It is advantageous to use, for example, allophan wick evaporators according to CS AO 210 299, in which the active ingredients are applied to a pulp carrier, from which they evaporate into the surrounding environment through a paper wick sewn into the carrier.

The device according to the invention can be used as a component of devices for monitoring and trapping spruce bark beetles. It is advantageously possible to place it, for example, in a barrier-type trap, where the attracted insect hits cross-shaped barriers (tetrahedral) and falls into a funnel-shaped trap closed by a collection container (CS AO No. 244 959).

The following examples illustrate but do not limit the scope of the invention.

The following mixtures were tested for their attracting effect on the spruce budworm:

Weight ratio of ingredients

I 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol 8 (With j-cis-verbenol 1 ( — )-a-pinene 8 spruce tree resin 3 II 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol 8 (With j-cis-verbenol 1 [—}-a-pinene 8 III 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol 8 (With j-cis-verbenol 1 xylene 8 IV (With j-cis-verbenol 1 (—J-e-pinene 16 in 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol 13.2 (With j-cis-verbenol 1.0 xylene 2.6 VI composition same as mixture I 10 : 1: 1 :1 VII composition same as· mixture III 50 :1 : 50' VIII composition same as mixture III 10 :1:1

Example 1

The attraction effect of the mixtures on spruce bark beetles was tested in laboratory conditions on a Walkway olfactometer. The intensity of the reaction was rated on a scale of 1 to 3 and the reaction time to the attractant mixture was rated in seconds. The average values of testing on 30 spruce bark beetles are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1

Attractant effect of mixtures on spruce bark beetles in an olfactometer

Mixture Reaction Points Response time (sec.) Order of effectiveness I + 1.92 31.4 1 III + 1.82 27.4 4 IV + 1.8 27.8 5 In 1.8 30.2 6 VI -h 1.85 30.4 2 VII + 1.75 22.1 7 VIII + 1.84 29.6 3

Example 2

Field trials with selected mixtures were conducted using barrier traps according to CS AO No. 244 959 (A) and tube traps in Borřegaard 80 (B). The results of these trials are given in Tables 2, 5 and 6. The trials, the results of which are given in Tables 3 and 4, were conducted only using traps A. Traps with tested mixtures were 50 m apart and pairs of different traps with the same mixture were 10 m apart. The mixtures were released from wick evaporators according to CS AO 210 299. The mixtures were tested in long-term and short-term trials, whereby in long-term trials the control of spruce bark beetle capture was carried out at 7-day intervals and in short-term trials at 1- to 2-hour intervals between 10 a.m. and 6 p.m. To reduce the positional effect, individual mixtures were transferred to the next pair of traps, respectively, the trap.

TABLE 2

Evaluation of the effect of mixtures on spruce bark beetle in short-term experiments — daily trapping in the stand wall

Mixture Number of individuals caught, days, Diameter per trap type of trap 3 days 9. 7. 10. 7. 11. 7. sum A B A B A B A B

III 88 34 227 26 433 102 748 162 455 IV 4 0 3 1 5 0 12 1 6.5 In 24 11 210 86 198 66 342 163 302.5 TABLE 3 Rating effect mixture to the lycopod spruce in short-term experiments — daily catches in boiler to type A traps Mixture Number of individuals caught, days, Total 9. 7. 10. 7, 11. 7. III 110 158 283 547 IV 1 2 4 7 In 106 162 243 511

TABLE 4

Evaluation of the effect of mixtures on spruce bark beetle in long-term experiments using trap type A in the period from 25. 5. to 2. 7. 1984 and from 2. 7. to 22. 8. 1984

Mixture Capture for the period 2. 7. to 22. 8.

25. 5. to 2. 7.

II 922 1,229 III 256 — IV — 13 In 746 1271

244385

TABLE 5 Evaluation of the effect of mixtures on spruce bark beetle in long-term experiments in the period from 2. 7. to 22. 8. 1984, walls of stand A Total catch Mixture Number of individuals caught, type of trap A B II 3,868 450 4 118 IV 18 4 22 In 1,556 TABLE 6 419 1975 Rating from 24. 7. to effect of mixtures on spruce bark beetle on 22. 8. 1984, walls of stand B long-term experiments in the period Mixture Number of individuals caught, type of trap A B Total catch I 1,350 263 1,613 II 1,280 163 1,443 IV 4 2 6 In 397 233 630 The results of the above experiments show that means stages of invention as

Such a trap, preferably placed in a suitably selected trap, provides very good results in terms of practice in luring, monitoring and mass trapping of spruce bark beetles.

Claims (2)

9 244385 10 TABLE 5 Evaluation of the effect of mixtures on spruce bark beetle in long-term experiments in the period from 2 July to 22 August 1984, stand wall A Total trapping Mixture Number of caught specimens, trap type AB II 3 868 450 4 118 IV 18 4 22 V 1 556 TABLE 6 419 1975 Evaluation of the effect of spruce skewers on spruce v22. 8. 1984, stand wall B long-term experiments in the period Mix Number of caught specimens, trap type AB Total capture I 1 350 263 1 613 II 1 280 163 1 443 IV 4 2 6 V 397 233 630 The results of the above experiments show that According to the invention, an alcohol such as, preferably placed in, a suitable selected trap provides good practice in attracting, monitoring and collecting spruce bark. OBJECT CLAIMS: 1. Ip typographus, which comprises (Sj-cis-verbenol, as a further component of a primary attractant or a group of monoterpenic hydrocarbons, oxygen monoterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and oxygen sesquiterpenes produced by host spruce trees and / or xylene, characterized in that it contains 1 to 10% by weight of (S) -cis verbenol, 1 to 55% by weight of primary attractants and / or 8.3 to 50% by weight of xylene INCORPORING 10 to 90% by weight of an alkynol of the formula I wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently methyl or ethyl. 2. A composition according to claim 1, wherein 2-methyl-3-butin-2-ol is present as the alkyne of the formula (I).