CS244578B1 - Heating oil with adapted combustion properties and method of its production - Google Patents

Description

(54) Fuel oil with modified combustion properties and process for its production

2

The solution relating to fuel oil with modified combustion properties solves the problem of composition and combustion of heavy fuel oil (fuel oil) from sulfur-paraffinic oils by emulsifying 0.5-20% by weight of the fuel oil. water. The diameter of the water droplets in the emulsion is below 20 [mu] m and the emulsion is stabilized by the high molecular weight propellants contained in the oil and also by an added synthetic emulsifier having HLB values of 3 to 9. When combusting such fuel oil its combustion properties are improved. space, burns better and can reduce the excess air coefficient.

The invention relates to fuel oil from sulfur-paraffinic oils with improved combustion properties and to a process for its production.

Heavy fuel oil is produced from suitable components to the required quality parameters according to the relevant standard. The standard value of the water content is max. 1 wt. In the case of a trouble-free operation in the production and storage of fuel oils, their water content is on average up to 0.1% by weight. There is a world-wide experience in burning fuel oils with higher water content. E.g. according to GOST 10585-63, max. 2%, according to others, the water content may be in the range of 1.5 to 3 percent by weight. It may be free and bound water. When stored, this can then be separated from the fuel oil and drained from the storage tanks. If a greater amount of water is present in the fuel oil, the combustion mode may be disturbed.

The combustion of heavy fuel oils requires good atomization by burners, pressurized steam or steam. Sighting perfection is achieved with relatively large excess air. As a result, the combustion temperature decreases, respectively. with a small excess of air, the smoke and clogging of additional surfaces increase.

As the values of the excess air coefficient increase, the parameters on which the overall thermal efficiency of the furnace depends are substantially deteriorated.

The aforementioned drawbacks in the combustion of fuel oils are remedied by fuel oil with modified combustion properties, which consists essentially of 80 to 99.5% by weight. % of petroleum with a sulfur-paraffinic oil content of 10 to 50% by weight, based on the amount of oil, high molecular weight proportions of bitumen, asphaltenes and asphaltogenic acids, and from 0.5 to 20% by weight of petroleum; of emulsified water with a drop diameter below 20 µm.

The water emulsified in the fuel oil in the form of tiny drops (smaller than 20 µm) when injected and atomized in the burner rapidly evaporates, causing further subdivision of the fuel droplets into smaller ones, resulting in better fuel atomization, intensive mixing with air, contact on a larger flat - which all makes it possible to work in combustion plants with lower coeficieintoim excess air.

The emulsification of the water into the fuel oil is achieved by intensive mixing of the water and fuel oil in a multi-stage centrifugal pump or in several successive centrifugal pumps with the possibility of recirculation. The emulsification process is conducted at temperatures not exceeding 95 ° C. Under these conditions, a stable w / o emulsion is formed which can be directly combusted or, since the outer phase of the emulsion is oily, mixed with fuel oil to the desired emulsified water content.

Combustion of fuel oil emulsions with significant savings could be particularly where fuel-poor fuel burners are used and for this reason a higher air excess coefficient has to be used. Also in such facilities where additional areas are clogged. As a result of the above-described effects, not only are the losses of heat consumed to vaporize the emulsified water into the hot, but also the specific fuel consumption can be reduced as a result of the improvement of the sighting process. Water-soluble additives can also be used in the emulsion hot emulsion to reduce low-temperature and high-temperature corrosion devices.

Sulfur-paraffinic petroleum oil contains high molecular weight components - resins, asphaltenes and asphaltogenic acids, which are able to form a water emulsion in fuel oil and stabilize it.

Example 1

Fuel oil with improved combustion properties was prepared from a sulfur-paraffinic petroleum oil with a high molecular weight content (bitumen, asphaltenes and asphaltogenic acids) of 25% and water of 5% by weight. for oil.

The I / O emulsion was formed by mixing the black oil with water in two successive mixing stages using 2400 RPM centrifugal pumps operating in each stage with 50% recirculation of the blended material. The water was emulsified at 75 ° C. In this way, fuel oil with improved combustion properties was obtained, in which the emulsifiable water particles were 1.5 to 4 .mu.m, with drops of 1.5 - 2 μπι of 80% and drops of 2 - 4 µm of 20% of the total number of emulsified emulsions. drops. Storage at 60 ° C for 30 days did not separate the water from the fuel oil.

Example 2

Fuel oil with improved combustion properties was prepared from a sulfur-paraffinic oil black oil of the quality as in Example 1 and water in an amount of 12% by weight. for oil. To improve emulsifiability and emulsion stability, an oxyethylated nonylphenol synthetic emulsifier with 6 moles of ethylene oxide in an amount of 0.2% by weight was used. for oil.

The I / O emulsion was prepared by blending the black oil in three successive mixing stages using centrifugal pumps, with 60% recirculation of the blended material. Water was added to each emulsification step in an amount of 50: 25: 25% by weight. of its total.

Fuel oil was obtained in which the particles of the emulsified water had dimensions of 1.5 to 3 μ rozměryη. During storage at 70 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes, the emulsified water did not separate.

EXAMPLE 1 a d 3

Fuel oil with improved combustion properties was prepared from the mixture: residue from atmospheric distillation of sulfur-paraffinic petroleum (70% by weight), asphalt from propane deasphalting (10% by weight) and oxidized asphalt with a softening point of 60 ^° C (20% by weight) %) and water in an amount of 8 wt. to a mixture of components. An emulsion was prepared according to the procedure of Example 1.

A fuel oil was obtained in which the emulsified water particles had dimensions of 1.5 to 6 (m). During storage at 60 ° C for 30 days, the emulsified water was not separated.

Claims (5)

SUBJECT Fuel oil having modified combustion properties, characterized in that it consists of 80 to 99.5 wt. % of petroleum from sulfur-paraffinic petroleum with a content of 10 to 50% by weight, based on the weight of the oil, of high molecular weight resins, asphaltenes and asphaltogenic acids and from 0.5 to 20% by weight of petroleum; of emulsified water with a drop diameter below 20 μΐη. 2. The fuel oil of claim 1 comprising a synthetic emulsifier or a mixture of emulsifiers having an HLB value of 3 to 9 in an amount of 0.01 to 2% by weight. 3. Fuel oil according to claim 1, characterized in that 1/3 of high molecular weight OF THE INVENTION, the proportions may be added to the fuel oil in the form of oxidized and / or propane asphalt. 4. A fuel oil production process according to claim 1, wherein the emulsion is formed by mixing the oil with water in 1 to 4 mixing stages at 250 to 3000 rpm with recirculation of 5 to 80% of the mixed material in each stage at the oil temperature. 40-95 ° C. 5. A process according to claim 4, wherein a portion of the water required to prepare the emulsion in half the total amount required is metered into the second to fourth mixing stages.