CS239294B1 - The purpose of the invention is to improve the conditions for air entry into stored bulk materials, especially cereals. The device is composed of ventilating beams in the shape of inverted troughs which are anchored on one side to the hopper or silo wall and the other ends are supported on the supporting structure in the middle of the silo. The central ends of the ventilation beams are roofed by a roof, under which a free space is created, which serves both for the distribution of air into individual ventilation channels and also for the passage of air into stored bulk materials. The ventilation air supply is made from the outside by one inlet under one or two ventilation beams. - Google Patents

The purpose of the invention is to improve the conditions for air entry into stored bulk materials, especially cereals. The device is composed of ventilating beams in the shape of inverted troughs which are anchored on one side to the hopper or silo wall and the other ends are supported on the supporting structure in the middle of the silo. The central ends of the ventilation beams are roofed by a roof, under which a free space is created, which serves both for the distribution of air into individual ventilation channels and also for the passage of air into stored bulk materials. The ventilation air supply is made from the outside by one inlet under one or two ventilation beams. Download PDF

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CS239294B1
CS239294B1 CS841659A CS165984A CS239294B1 CS 239294 B1 CS239294 B1 CS 239294B1 CS 841659 A CS841659 A CS 841659A CS 165984 A CS165984 A CS 165984A CS 239294 B1 CS239294 B1 CS 239294B1
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ventilation
air
beams
bulk materials
silo
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CS841659A
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CS165984A1 (en
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Ivo Slama
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Ivo Slama
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Abstract

Vynález patří do oblasti zabraňování znečištění a nánosu nečistot. Řešený problém se týká odstranění uhličitanů z tavenin směsí dusičnanů a dusitanů alkalických kovů a uhličitanových inkrustací z chladičů tavenin. Podstata vynálezu spočívá v tom, že se do solné taveniny při teplotě 180-200 °C přidá dvojchroman alkalického kovu v množství ekvivalentním množství uhličitanu _ v reaktoru, načež se teplota postupně zvyšuje až na 350 °C.The invention belongs to the field of pollution prevention and contamination prevention. The problem addressed concerns the removal of carbonates from melts of mixtures of alkali metal nitrates and nitrites and carbonate incrustations from melt coolers. The essence of the invention consists in adding alkali metal dichromate to the salt melt at a temperature of 180-200 °C in an amount equivalent to the amount of carbonate in the reactor, after which the temperature is gradually increased up to 350 °C.

Description

Vynález se týká způsobu odstranění uhličitanů z tavenln směsí dusičnanů a dusitanů Alkalických kovů a uhličitanových inkrustací z chladičů tavenln.The present invention relates to a process for removing carbonates from melts with a mixture of alkali metal nitrates and nitrites and carbonate inlay from the melter coolers.

V průmyslu se používá pro přenos tepla v teplotním intervalu 180-400 °c zejména solných tavenln o složení například 59 % hmotnosti KNO3 a 41 % hmotnosti NaNO^ nebo eutektlka 44,2 mol. % KNOj- 6,9 mol. S NaN03 - 48,9 mol. % NaNO^ s eutektickou teplotou 142 °C /G. J. Janz, Molten Salts Handbook, Academie Press, London 1967/.In the industry, in particular, salt melts having a composition of, for example, 59% by weight of KNO 3 and 41% by weight of NaNO 4 or eutectics of 44.2 moles are used for heat transfer in the temperature range of 180-400 ° C. % KNO 3 - 6.9 mol. With NaNO 3 - 48.9 mol. % NaNO 2 with a eutectic temperature of 142 ° C (GJ Janz, Molten Salts Handbook, Academic Press, London 1967).

Znečištění této taveniny uhličitany má za následek usazování tuhých alkalických uhličitanů na vnější ploše chladičů, které odebírají teplo solné lázni. Tím se snižuje rychlost přestupu tepla ze solné lázně do páry a výkon reaktoru klesá až o 25 %.Contamination of this melt with carbonates results in the deposition of solid alkali carbonates on the outer surface of the coolers, which take heat from the salt bath. This reduces the rate of heat transfer from the salt bath to the steam and reduces the reactor power by up to 25%.

Je proto nutné celou solnou lázeň vypustit /například 50 t/, inkrustace odstranit a použít nové solné lázně. Nevýhodou tohoto řeěení je jednak nutnost přerušení produkce po dobu nutnou k odstranění úsadků z chladičů, jednak vznik ekonomicky nákladné operace.It is therefore necessary to drain the entire salt bath (for example 50 t), to remove the incrustation and to use a new salt bath. The disadvantage of this solution is, on the one hand, the necessity to interrupt the production for the time necessary to remove deposits from the coolers and, on the other hand, the creation of an economically expensive operation.

V neposlední řadě likvidace takového množství dusitanů představuje zatím nevyřešený ekologický problém.Last but not least, the disposal of such quantities of nitrites represents an unresolved environmental problem.

Způsobem podle vynálezu lze uvedený problém vyřešit bez nutnosti výměny solné lázně. Podstata vynálezu spočívá v tom, že se do taveniny směsi dusičnanů a dusitanů alkalických kovů při teplotě 180-200 °C přidá dvojchroman alkalického kovu v množství ekvivalentním množství uhličitanu v reaktoru, načež se teplota postupně zvyšuje až na 350 °C.By the method according to the invention, this problem can be solved without having to change the salt bath. It is an object of the invention to add alkali metal dichromate in an amount equivalent to the amount of carbonate in the reactor to the melt of the mixture of alkali nitrates and nitrites at 180-200 ° C, whereupon the temperature is gradually raised up to 350 ° C.

Uvedeným postupem se uhličitany rozloží na plynný oxid uhličitý, který z taveniny vytéká. V tavenině vzniká jako produkt reakce alkalický chromen, který je v použitém množství v tavenině rozpustný.This process decomposes the carbonates into gaseous carbon dioxide, which flows from the melt. Alkali chromene is formed in the melt as a reaction product and is soluble in the melt used.

Současně nastává rozpouštění a rozklad tuhých uhličitanů na vnějším povrchu chladiče. Délka procesu závisí na použité teplotě, hmotnosti taveninové lázně, koncentraci uhličitanů v tavenině a množství úsad na chladiči.At the same time, solid carbonates dissolve and decompose on the external surface of the cooler. The length of the process depends on the temperature used, the weight of the melt bath, the concentration of carbonate in the melt and the amount of deposits on the cooler.

Hlavní výhodou předloženého řešení je odstranění nutnosti výměny solné lázně, což představuje značnou ekonomickou úsporu. Dále je výhodné, že způsob podle vynálezu lze provést přímo v reaktoru a délka operace trvá maximálně 150 minut.The main advantage of the present solution is the elimination of the need to change the salt bath, which represents a considerable economic savings. It is further advantageous that the process according to the invention can be carried out directly in the reactor and the duration of the operation is maximum 150 minutes.

Při malých koncentracích chromanů v tavenině není nepříznivě ovlivněn další provoz reaktoru. V neposlední řadě není nutná likvidace velkých množství dusitanů, která představuje dosud nevyřešený ekologický problém.At low chromate concentrations in the melt, further reactor operation is not adversely affected. Last but not least, the disposal of large amounts of nitrites, which is an unresolved environmental problem, is not necessary.

Řešení podle vynálezu a jím dosažený účinek jsou dále ilustrovány příklady praktického provedení.The invention and its effect are further illustrated by the following examples.

Příklad 1Example 1

K 100 g taveniny o složení.59 % hmotnosti KNO3 a 41 % hmotnosti NaNO^, znečištěné 0,68 % C03~ hmotnosti bylo při teplotě 180 °C přidáno 2,97 g dvojchromanu sodného. Po deseti minutách byla teplota zvyšována rychlosti 10 °C/min.2.97 g of sodium dichromate were added to 100 g of a 59% KNO 3 melt and 41% NaNO4 melt contaminated with 0.68% CO 3 by weight at 180 ° C. After ten minutes, the temperature was increased at a rate of 10 ° C / min.

Po dosaženi provozní teploty 350 °c byla % povrchu chladiče odstraněna vrstva uhličitanu cca 0,2 mm silná.After reaching an operating temperature of 350 ° C, a% 0.2 mm thick layer of carbonate was removed from the surface of the cooler.

Příklad 2Example 2

K 100 g taveniny o složení 59 % hmotnosti KNO^ a 41 % hmotnosti NaNO^, znečištěné 0,89 % hmotnosti COj- bylo při teplotě 200 °C přidáno 4,40 g dvojchromanu draselného.To 100 g of the melt of the composition 59 weight% KNO ^ and 41 wt% NaNO ^ contaminated with 0.89% of NAV - was at 200 ° C was added 4.40 g of potassium dichromate.

Teplota byla zvyšována rychlostí l °C/min. Po dosažení teploty 350 °C byla z povrchu chladiče /50 mm2/ odstraněna inkrustace cca 0,5 mm silná.The temperature was raised at a rate of 1 ° C / min. After reaching a temperature of 350 ° C, an incrustation of approximately 0.5 mm thick was removed from the surface of the cooler (50 mm 2 ).

Claims (1)

PŘEDMĚT VYNÁLEZUSUBJECT OF THE INVENTION Způsob odstranění uhličitanů z tavenin směsí dusičnanů a dusitanů alkalických kovů a uhličitanových inkrustací z chladičů tavenin vyznačený tím, že se k solné tavenině při 180 až 200 °C přidá dvojchroman alkalického kovu v množství ekvivalentním množství uhličitanu, načež se teplota postupně zvyšuje až na 350 °C.A process for removing alkali metal nitrate and nitrite carbonates and carbonate incrustations from melt coolers, characterized in that alkali metal dichromate in an amount equivalent to carbonate is added to the salt melt at 180-200 ° C, whereupon the temperature is gradually raised up to 350 ° C.
CS841659A 1984-03-08 1984-03-08 The purpose of the invention is to improve the conditions for air entry into stored bulk materials, especially cereals. The device is composed of ventilating beams in the shape of inverted troughs which are anchored on one side to the hopper or silo wall and the other ends are supported on the supporting structure in the middle of the silo. The central ends of the ventilation beams are roofed by a roof, under which a free space is created, which serves both for the distribution of air into individual ventilation channels and also for the passage of air into stored bulk materials. The ventilation air supply is made from the outside by one inlet under one or two ventilation beams. CS239294B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CS841659A CS239294B1 (en) 1984-03-08 1984-03-08 The purpose of the invention is to improve the conditions for air entry into stored bulk materials, especially cereals. The device is composed of ventilating beams in the shape of inverted troughs which are anchored on one side to the hopper or silo wall and the other ends are supported on the supporting structure in the middle of the silo. The central ends of the ventilation beams are roofed by a roof, under which a free space is created, which serves both for the distribution of air into individual ventilation channels and also for the passage of air into stored bulk materials. The ventilation air supply is made from the outside by one inlet under one or two ventilation beams.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CS841659A CS239294B1 (en) 1984-03-08 1984-03-08 The purpose of the invention is to improve the conditions for air entry into stored bulk materials, especially cereals. The device is composed of ventilating beams in the shape of inverted troughs which are anchored on one side to the hopper or silo wall and the other ends are supported on the supporting structure in the middle of the silo. The central ends of the ventilation beams are roofed by a roof, under which a free space is created, which serves both for the distribution of air into individual ventilation channels and also for the passage of air into stored bulk materials. The ventilation air supply is made from the outside by one inlet under one or two ventilation beams.

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CS165984A1 CS165984A1 (en) 1985-05-15
CS239294B1 true CS239294B1 (en) 1986-01-16

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CS841659A CS239294B1 (en) 1984-03-08 1984-03-08 The purpose of the invention is to improve the conditions for air entry into stored bulk materials, especially cereals. The device is composed of ventilating beams in the shape of inverted troughs which are anchored on one side to the hopper or silo wall and the other ends are supported on the supporting structure in the middle of the silo. The central ends of the ventilation beams are roofed by a roof, under which a free space is created, which serves both for the distribution of air into individual ventilation channels and also for the passage of air into stored bulk materials. The ventilation air supply is made from the outside by one inlet under one or two ventilation beams.

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