CS238524B1 - Hydromechanical gearbox - Google Patents

Abstract

The first central gear 8 of reduction planetary gearing 10,11,8,9 is connectable in both senses of rotation by means of a first clutch 24 to the second central gear 17 of collecting planetary gearing 20,21,16,17,19 and by means of a second, lock-up clutch 30 to the inlet shaft of the gearing and then it is connected in one sense of rotation to a turbine wheel 3 of a torque converter by means of a free wheel 26; the second central gear 17 of the collecting planetary gearing is connectable in both senses of rotation to the inlet shaft 2 of the gearing by means of the first clutch 24 and the second clutch 30 arranged in series, thus allowing engine braking in all ratios. The reduction planetary gearing comprises suns 10,11 and double planets 8 mounted on a carrier braked at 9. Collecting planetary gearing comprises suns 20,21, intermediary planets 16,17 and a ring gear 18 braked at 19. In a second embodiment the torque converter is replaced by a fluid coupling. Figure 2 (not shown) shows detail of friction clutches 24,30. <IMAGE>

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention

Hydromechanical gearboxes in which part of the energy is transmitted by a hydrodynamic transmission, for example a hydrodynamic converter or a hydrodynamic clutch, and a part by mechanical means, are preferable from the standpoint of reducing energy losses.

A hydromechanical transmission is known, comprising a hydrodynamic transmission in the form of a hydrodynamic converter, a reduction planetary gear comprising a ring gear, a carrier, a sun gear, a clutch, a planetary gear reducer and a central wheel brake and a planetary collection gear comprising two engagement satellites, a first sun gear, a second sun gear coupled to the planetary gear carrier, a ring gear coupled to the driven shaft and brakes for engaging the first sun gear housing and the carrier. Furthermore, a friction clutch transmission for coupling the drive shaft 8 to the gear planetary gear and the planetary gear carrier and a freewheel for coupling the turbine gear of the hydrodynamic converter to the gear planetary gear. This gearbox ensures

238 524 power transmission in the first and second »gears by means of a hydrodynamic converter and in the other gears in a non-lethal way.

^No it ° ^{d h} a ^{u y Tet} the gearbox is that it does not allow the brakes ^of her notoren in low gears - first and second when it is most needed because of the freewheel torque converter turbine wheel ·

Also known is a hydro-mechanical gearbox comprising a hydrodynamic torque converter whose pump wheel is coupled to a transmission input shaft, a turbine wheel, a planetary gear reducer with a double satellite carrier, a brake connecting the carrier to the gearbox housing and two sun gear and planetary gear wheels coupled and a transmission output shaft coupled with two co-meshing satellites, two sun gears, the first of which are connected by a second sun gear of the reduction planetary gear, a clutch for interlocking, a planetary gearing and a ring gear with a brake for coupling the ring gear to the gearbox. In addition, the gearbox comprises a friction clutch for coupling the turbine wheel of the hydrodynamic converter and the second sun gear sun gear to the transmission drive shaft. The sun gear is further coupled to the friction clutch and freewheel to said second sun gear sun gear.

Výh^Oto^at t^Et^O four fingers^pnew^exevodovk^y O^pro^ti p^Ř«Dch^andthat The possibility is to extend the range of gears while maintaining four rows^Chlo^andtⁿand^Ch degrees^por the sledge^planetovýc^h gears,^Volýš^Eefficiency and dream^andwomen^and with^pot^ŘE^by peiLiva^díblock hydrodynamic destruction on the last two gears and the idle speed of the vehicle in the first, third · and fourth · speed · gears.

238 524

Its disadvantage, however, is that it is not possible to block the hydrodynamic transducer when the second gear is engaged and the non-locked hydrodynamic transducer cannot be used in the second gear of the vehicle idling.

Uve above drawbacks ^{d s h} en odes ^^ Tranum ^hy dromec ^h anicka transmission according to the invention whose principle consists in that it comprises a clutch for connecting the first sun gear of the reduction planetary gear train with the second sun gear of the collecting planetary gearing and the drive shaft of the gearbox and a freewheel connecting the turbine gear of the hydrodynamic converter to the first sun gear of the planetary reduction gear. Further, it is advantageous to form the first friction clutch such that the friction disks and the clutch piston for coupling the first sun gear of the planetary gear to the second sun gear of the planetary collector are located between the friction clutch housing and the piston connecting the first sun gear of the planetary gear gearbox shaft.

Furthermore, it is advantageous to design the gearbox so that the first sun gear of the planetary gear reducer is connectable in both directions of rotation by the first clutch to the second sun gear planetary gear and the second clutch to the transmission input shaft and further coupled in one sense by freewheel to the turbine gear. the second sun gear is connectable in both the first and second clutch rotational senses in series with the transmission input shaft or so that the outer freewheel ring is coupled to the turbine gear and the inner freewheel ring is rigidly connected to the first sun gear reduction planetary gearing and

238 524 with one common half of the first clutch and the second clutch, the second separate half of the first clutch being rigidly coupled to the second sun gear sun gear and the second separate half of the second clutch being rigidly coupled to the transmission input shaft.

An advantage of the transmission according to the present invention is that the freewheel in the transmission line from the engine always allows, when necessary, the vehicle to idle when transmitting power via the hydrodynamic torque converter and the hydrodynamic converter blocking clutch formed parallel to the freewheel allows increased transmission efficiency and efficient engine braking at all gears.

The arrangement of the friction clutch discs according to the invention makes it possible, in the first, third and fourth forward stages, to engage the two friction clutches located at the front of the hydromechanical transmission via one channel through which the pressurized working fluid enters. under pressure and do not wear out. Further, the mounting options are improved, its dimensions, weight and moment of inertia of the parts that load the friction clutches and braking during gear shifting are reduced.

1 shows schematically a hydromechanical transmission with a hydrodynamic converter, FIG. 2 shows the construction of friction clutches in front of a hydrodynamic converter, and FIG. 3 shows a schematic of a hydromechanical transmission with a hydrodynamic clutch.

As shown in FIG. 1, the hydromechanical gear 522 and 523 consists of a hydrodynamic pump pump converter 1 coupled to a drive shaft & a gearbox, a turbine wheel 3, and a reactor 6 coupled with a freewheel 6 to a gearbox housing. The planetary reduction gear consists of a carrier 2 with a double-ring satellite 8, a brake 2 For connecting the carrier to the gearbox housing 2 and the first and second sun gear 10 and 11, the first of which is mounted on the shaft 12 and the second on the shaft 13. carrier 15 with two co-engaging satellites 16 and 12, wherein carrier 15 is connected by 8 transmission output shaft 14, ring gear 18 and brakes 19 arranged thereon to connect it to gearbox housing 2, first and second sun gear 20 and 21, locking clutch 22 of this planetary transmission, connecting the carrier 15 with the first sun gear 20 of the planetary gearing. The first sun gear 20 of the planetary collecting gear is connected by a shaft 13 to the second sun gear 11 of the reducing planetary gear. The gearbox is provided with a second clutch 23 for connecting the first sun gear 10 of the planetary reduction gear by means of a shaft 12 to the transmission drive shaft 2 and a first clutch 24 for connecting the sun gear 10 using a shaft 12 and a shaft 25 to the second sun gear 21 ^e j freewheel 26 coupled to the shaft 12 of the first sun gear 10 of the reduction planetary soutolí. The second clutch 23 consists of a body 27 connected to the inner ring 28 of the freewheel 26 of the piston 29. the friction plates 32 »connected to the drive shaft 2 ^{and the} friction disks 31 and 32» connected to the friction clutch body 22 ·

The first clutch 24 consists of a piston 33 »housed in the second clutch body 27 having a smaller diameter than the diameter of the piston 22, the friction disks 34 connected to the second clutch body 22, and the friction plates 35 associated with the hub 36. The friction disks 14 and 32 and the piston 33 are

238524 placed in the cavity of 2L between the body 27 and the second piston 29 ^'of the coupling ²¹ to the ^anal y · ^m ay J8 vs-stipple ^t "pressure. ^AP ali ^to d ^of d ^u t ^ins Ala holes 22 of the channel JO cavity Л consisting of piston I ^{and I} l ^ace 22 · ^{channel j 2} P ^oj U is ^d Utin 43 h ^y prop ^yna rnický ^changing from ^dr he concept ^t varnishes ^{e p s kappa} reagents to raft.

^Brake y ^{2 and} 12 contain ^{í í} p at ^y JJ, and I 2 who ^{you r} s t ^v Arej between itself and the cavity gearcase J7, J8 ^and J2 ^{»Tne pr} y ^{have no choice} for him c ^{h i} on. Friction with the ^{poj and} £ 2 ^{BSA h} at ^{the piston} JO, ^{you ářející} tv with ^body 8 ^em spo ^j ky ^d Utin working ^at 51st

The hydromechanical transmission works as follows.

^In our ^{leduj or the t} abulce Zn ^and Zorn ^of at sequentially ^about at typed ^{Nani class} ec ^their sp ^drawbar ka ^brakes and ^d of ^give in to ^y pressure ^pr and ^c o ^ve ka ^pa lazy to work cavities friction clutches and brakes at inclusion notlivýc ^{d h} p ^{d of} Wood-voltage levels.

Engaged clutch or cavity Gear shifted m CM 0 t: o and 09 0 * m 4 0 5 •O M- <M - 0 Ή § $ 3 д • 3 04 04 ⁵ '5 8 o ir · ‘0 a • H with • 0 0 : 0 · Η + » • 3 00 ч «> 0 • Η o> H M  Her σ • v - « Λ Ό «Β > M \ 0 * 4 04 3 O H w 4 ' at. 1 ♦ ♦ 4 ♦ (B) * - and ♦ 4 2 - 4- 4 * + 4 W ·· (B) 4 • w - H - - 4 » 4 * · * - ♦ - * M M ♦ (B) 4- 4 » H 4 * ♦. MT 4 · + 4 · + «· «· · * 44 MS ⁴ B ♦ - - N _Z H - 4 44 M4 * · 4 4 «· 4 4 4 ^Z B ♦ w Μ »

238 524 where H indicates use of hydrodynamic converter · or clutch B indicates blocking of hydrodynamic converter or clutch · »indicates that clutch or brake are engaged or working cavity is under fluid pressure * indicates clutch or brake are disengaged or working cavity is connected and waste *

1,2,3,4 denotes conversion steps

N denotes neutral

Z. indicates reverse

When first gear is turned, the first clutch ^{and the} brake 12 · Working fluid is fed under pressure into the cavity 41 and yxxHSxaixyixi and moves the piston 33 to the left which shades frictional ^di sky ³⁴ and 3 ⁵ and ^those m zaj ^ISI ispojky U is tripped. Because the cavity 37 is connected to the waste, the piston 29 exerts a pressure of the working fluid in the cavity 43 and pushes it to the right. Clutch 19 is engaged by supplying pressure fluid to cavity 42. Power is transmitted from the input shaft 2 to the pump wheel χ of the hydrodynamic clutch and further from the turbine 3 via the freewheel 26 and the second clutch 24 to the shaft 25 engaged. gears and a satellite 17 which roll on the · crown gear 18, the brake is applied 12 to the carrier 15 and output shaft 14 · When unloading ^p EDALE ^p lynu being insufficient to allow a ^l nob ^EZK and 26 freewheel ^d of ^running of the vehicle with the engine running at idle speed with minimum fuel consumption. When increasing the fuel supply to the freewheel and ^p not transfer the ^M n ^s forces us ^{to t} at e ^No. nes A ^MOUNT C ^o rn ps ^Aný pus ^{from the} Bern. Z ^and R ^Azen the blocks ⁱⁿ g Hydrodynamics varies p ^s first ^r M ^p řevodov ^Em, lable is zaj ^išíuj es ^term n ^COMES cavity ^{43 through the} anus 42 with the waste, the piston 33 moves through the closed friction discs 34 and the ^next time 29 to ^l eva ^No. U is a compressed disks 3θ> Л ^{and to friction} · bo ^{MODE connected.} Drive on ^{the rotary shaft} 2 e ^{le disputes transferred on} bodies ^es of 22 and

238 524 via the engaged first clutch 24 to the shaft 25 to the planetary collecting gear. When the hydrodynamic converter is locked, the engine can be braked in the first gear.

In the second gear, brake 2 is engaged. Friction clutch 22 Compressed working fluid is introduced into cavity 48 and 51 and engages brake 54 through pistons 44 and 42, and friction clutch 22 engages piston 50. Torque is transmitted from the drive shaft 2 h the pump wheel X, the hydrodynamic converter and from the turbine wheel 2 via the freewheel and the shaft 12 to the first sun gear 10 of the red planetary gear. Since the carrier 2 is braked by the brake 2, the planetary mechanism operates as a simple reduction gear and power is transmitted via the double-ring satellite 8 to the second sun gear 11 and via the engaged clutch 22 blocking the planetary gearing to the transmission output shaft 14. The freewheel 26 allows the vehicle to idle even in the second gear. The blocking of the hydrodynamic transducer in the second gear is effected by connecting the cavity 43 through the drain channel 2 and supplying pressurized working fluid to the cavity 37 through the channels 38. spojku 2Д. connecting the input shaft 2 through the housing 27 and the inner ring 28 to the shaft 12 ·

When the hydrodynamic converter is locked, the engine can be braked when the second gear is engaged.

In the third gear, the first clutch 24 and brake 2 are engaged. A pressurized working fluid is supplied to the cavities 41 and 48. Piston 33 The first clutch 24 and pistons 44 and 41 brake 2 are engaged. the gearbox and the turbine gear 2 via the freewheel 26 through both branches, namely to the first sun gear 20 via the planetary gear reducer238 524 and the second sun gear 21 via the first clutch 24 and the shaft 25 »In the sun gear, the two branches of the torque flow and are transmitted by the carrier 15 to the output shaft 14 of the gearbox. Blocking of the hydrodynamic transducer in the third gear is achieved by engaging the second clutch 23, wherein the cavity is connected to the waste and the piston 29 is moved to the left by the action of the piston 33 - as in the first gear. • The freewheel 26 also ensures the vehicle coasts to idle even in the third gear and the engine can be braked when the hydrodynamic converter is locked.

In the fourth gear, the first clutch 24 and the friction clutch 22 are engaged by supplying pressurized working fluid to cavities 41 and 51 below the pistons 33 and 22. The torque is transmitted from the drive shaft 2 to the pump wheel 1 of the hydrodynamic converter and from the turbine wheel 2 via freewheel. 26, the first clutch 24 and the hub 36 to the shaft 2.5 »The friction clutch 22 blocks the planetary gear train and is transferred from the shaft 25 to the output shaft 14 of the gearbox. . Even in the fourth gear, the vehicle is allowed to idle and the engine braking is inhibited when the hydrodynamic converter is locked.

In neutral, all clutches and brakes are disengaged, all working cavities are connected to waste and working pressure fluid is only in the hydrodynamic converter and cavity 42 ·

In reverse, both brakes 2 and 12 are engaged. Since in this gear, brake 12 transmits increased torque, the thrust is exerted by two pistons 46 and 42 to which the working pressure fluid in cavities 42 and 4Ϊ is pressed and brake 2 is engaged by piston 44 ·

238 524

In reverse, power is transmitted from the input shaft 2 to the pump wheel X of the hydrodynamic meter and from the turbine wheel via the freewheel 26 and the inner ring 28 to the shaft 12 and further through a planetary gear reducer. whose ring gear is stopped by the brake 19 on the carrier 15 and the output shaft 14 of the gearbox.

If necessary, the reverse converter can be blocked by a second clutch 23 engaged by the piston 29 to which it is driven. a pressurized working fluid acts in the cavity 37 and the cavity 43 of the hydrodynamic transducer is connected to the waste.

According to a second variant shown in FIG. 3 is a hydromechanical transmission in a torque converter použítamístp hy ^d ro ^dy NAMIC ^ka clutch. Activity Revo ^{d p y} OVK not by way.

The hydromechanical transmission according to the invention achieves four forward gears and one reverse with the possibility of blocking the hydrodynamic transducer and the vehicle idle on all gears.

By blocking the hydrodynamic transducer, the efficiency of the transmission is increased and, for example, it suffers from fire. ^In addition ^{to t} o n lets loose ^a normal deceleration of the vehicle when throttling the engine to operate at idle speed which further improves the economy driving.

Design ^ MPLEMENTATION first and second clutches in front of it ^Star hydromechanical transmission enables the first, third and fourth gear switching the first and second clutches 24 & 23 in one channel 40 associated with a swarm TTA ^d ^ VE. ^working staff ^and employees. This allows snesní • ^p wiped ^b en ^d t h ^{e h} snícíc in ^rings. channel ^ch, spcjujícrích du ^ ny Buat 47 and ⁴³ having ^a DPA ^d e ^m ° ^because a source of pressurized working liquid.

Claims (4)

SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION. 238 524 lo Hydromechanical transmission, comprising a hydrodynamic transmission, consisting of a pump wheel coupled to a drive shaft and a turbine wheel, a planetary reduction gear with a carrier and a double satellite, with a brake for connecting the carrier. to a gearbox housing and first and second sun gear and a planetary collection gear coupled to the transmission output shaft by a carrier having two co-meshing satellites, the first and second sun gear, the first of which is coupled to the second sun gear sun gear with a friction clutch and a ring gear and a brake for connecting it to the transmission housing, characterized in that it comprises first and second clutches (24 and 23) for coupling the first sun gear (10) to the second sun gear (21) and the gearbox drive shaft (2) and the hydrodynamic gear turbine wheel (3) are coupled by a freewheel (26) to the first sun gear (10) of the planetary reduction gear. 2. Hydromechanical gearbox according to item 1, characterized by: ^en 'á. t in that Treff disks ^(34J and ^Ms St ^<3 3) of the clutch ⁽²⁴⁾ e ^p Ojen ^{co p} RVN ^¹H the price ^t r ^AL n ^¹H on ^wheels and (L ^{0) before the} Uke ^{whom you} plan ^e tovéh ^axis oukol ^and SD ^r uhým price ^Tral ° ^COMES koleun ⁽²¹ D sb ^ERNE it pl ^a- 238 524 of a gear train They are located between the housing (27) and the piston (29) of the friction clutch (24) connecting the first sun gear of the planetary gear assembly to the transmission drive shaft (2). 3. Hydromechanical transmission according to claim 1 _, characterized in that the first sun gear (10) of the planetary gear reducer is connectable in both directions of rotation by the first clutch (24) to the second sun gear (21) of the planetary gear train and the second clutch (23). the transmission input shaft (2) and is further coupled in one sense by the freewheel (26) to the turbine gear (3), the second sun gear (21) of the planetary gear train being connectable in both directions of rotation by the first clutch (24) and the second clutch (23), connected in series with the transmission input shaft (2). 4. Hydromechanical transmission according to claim 1 _, characterized in that the outer ring of the freewheel (26) is connected to the turbine gear (3) and the inner ring (28) of the freewheel (26) is firmly connected to the first sun gear (10) of the planetary gear. a gearing and one common half of the first clutch (24) and the second clutch (23), the second separate half of the first clutch (24) being rigidly connected to the second sun gear (21) of the planetary collecting gear and the second separate half of the second clutch (23) Interconnected with transmission input shaft (2) ·