CS230792B1 - Process for the preparation of mixed surfactants based on sulfated alkylolamides of higher carboxylic acids - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for the economical preparation of surfactants containing, in addition to sulfated alkylolamides of higher fatty acids, alkylarenesulfonic acids or 1-alkenesulfonic acids, in which liquid systems are used and sulfuric acid is used as the sulfating agent. A melt of alkylolamides of carboxylic acids or mixtures of carboxylic acids is mixed with alkylarenesulfonic acid and the resulting homogeneous liquid mixture is sulfated at a temperature of 10 to 50 °C, preferably 25 to 35 °C, with sulfuric acid, added in a weight ratio of alkylamide to sulfuric acid of 1 : 0.7 to 1.3.

Description

(54) A process for the preparation of mixed surfactants based on sulfated alkylolamides of higher carboxylic acids

A process for the economic preparation of surfactants containing, in addition to sulfated alkylolamides, higher fatty acids, alkylarenesulfonic acid or 1-alkenesulfonic acid, in which liquid systems are employed and in which sulfuric acid is used as the sulfating agent.

The melt of the carboxylic acid alkylolamides or carboxylic acid mixture is mixed with the alkylarenesulfonic acid and the resulting homogeneous liquid mixture is sulphated at a temperature of 10 to 50 ° C, preferably 25 to 35 ° C, added at a 1: 0 ratio of alkyloamide to sulfuric acid. 7 to 1.3.

230 792

230 792

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of mixed surfactants based on sulfated alkylolamides of higher carboxylic acids or their salts of the formula (1)

R _x - CONH - R ₂ Osoje wherein R is alkyl, alkenyl, alkandienyl, hydroxyalkyl or hydroxyalkenyl of from 11 to 25 carbon atoms,

R ₂ ^e j alkylene having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and M is a monovalent cation or an alkali metal atom or ammonium.

sulfation of alkylolamides of carboxylic acids corresponding to the above general formula. In particular, the invention relates to a process for the preparation of mixed surfactants containing, in addition to sulfated alkylolamides, higher carboxylic acids, alkylaromatic sulfoacids.

The mixed surfactants of the present invention can be prepared by mixing sulfated alkylolamides of carboxylic acids with alkylarenesulfonic acids and optionally other additives. The procedure is simpler (H. Mannech, Seifen Fette ^w 01e Vachse, 85.

77-79 (1959)), in which alkylarene is first sulfated in a large excess of sulfuric acid and carboxylic acid alkylolamide is added to the resulting mixture. The disadvantage of this process is, inter alia, the need to handle solid alkylolamide, which must be added to the reaction mixture.

230 792

- 3 at sulphation temperature, ie · approx. 30 ° C (melting points of C 30 -C 30 carboxylic acid alkylolamides are in the range of 50 to 80 ° C) · According to CS> AO δ, 177 290 proceed as follows: % of the carboxylic acids are mixed with alkylarene, optionally with other sulfonated or sulfated hydrocarbons, and treated with a sulfating agent, especially chlorosulfonic acid or sulfur trioxide. The use of sulfuric acid as the sulphurizing agent in the process according to AO No. 177 290 does not give favorable results, in particular a satisfactory use of the sulphurizing agent. As a result, the product has a very low active substance content (approx. 20%) and is poorly water soluble however, it is the most suitable sulphurizing agent, especially for lower costs, less aggressiveness and easier handling and safer work compared to other sulphurizing agents ·

The above disadvantages are eliminated according to the present invention by the preparation of mixed surfactants based on sulphated alkylolamides of higher carboxylic acids or salts thereof of formula (I) by sulfating alkylolamides of carboxylic acids corresponding to formula (1). This process consists in mixing a carboxylic acid alkylolamide or a mixture of carboxylic acids with an alkylbenzenesulfonic acid having an alkyl of 4 to 30, preferably 8 to 18, carbon atoms, whereupon the resulting homogeneous mixture is sulphated with a concentrated acid. sulfuric acid in a weight ratio of alkylolamides to sulfuric acid of 1: 0.7 to 1.3 at a temperature of 10 to 0 ° C, preferably 25 to 35 ° C. such as

230 792 alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acids, dialkylarene sulfonic acids where arene is benzene or naphthalene, or 1-alkenesulfonic acid *

The advantage of the process according to the invention is the possibility of using sulfuric acid as the sulfating agent while achieving a high content of active substances in the final product (30 to 40%), and the fact that all liquid systems capable of pumping and transporting by pipeline are used. if the process according to the invention follows the production of alkylolamides of carboxylic acids, the tavenine of which is immediately mixed with alkylarenesulphonic acids or 1-alkenesulphonic acids;

According to the invention, the melting of the carboxylic acid alkylolamide or the carboxylic acid mixture is generally carried out above the melting point, i.e. in the range of about 50 to 80 [deg.] C., with alkylarenesulphonic acid or 1-alkenesulphonic acid (both groups being unlimited). Only the required application properties determine the mixing ratio and the mixing ratio, the homogeneous mixture obtained is cooled to a temperature of about 35 ° C and transported for further processing, eventually it is sulphated in the same equipment after mixing.

The sulfeta is carried out by adding or adding sulfuric acid, the temperature being preferably maintained at about 35 ° C. After the sulfatation is complete, the reaction mixture, preferably at a temperature below 35 ° C, is neutralized with, for example, sodium or potassium hydroxide solution or sodium hydrogen carbonate or ammonia, optionally with the addition of hydrogen peroxide solution. All percentages and ratios given in the examples refer to component weights ·

- 5 230 792

Example 1

The monoethanolamides of the tallow carboxylic acid mixture are mixed with dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid at a ratio of 1: 3.6 at about 57 ° C (corresponding to the melting of the monoethanolamide mixture) in an enamelled stirred reactor with a duplicator to a homogeneous mixture, cooled to 35 ° C and pumped, into a sulfation reactor. The sulfation is carried out with 98% sulfuric acid relative to the 1: 1 mono-ethanolamide mixture at temperatures up to -10 ° C. The reaction product is neutralized with 14% sodium hydroxide solution at temperatures up to 30 ° C.

The product contains 41.3 $ of active ingredients. After drying, it is a suitable part of the detergent powder.

Example 2

The monoethanolamide of industrial oleic acid is mixed with dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid at a ratio of 1: 2.9 at the melting point of the monoethanolamides. The resulting homogeneous mixture is cooled to 35 ° C and sulfated at 100-35 ° C with 100% sulfuric acid relative to 11-mono-ethanolamides. The resulting sulfoacid mixture is very well soluble in water at 35 ° C and provides good foaming solutions. Neutralization is carried out by slowly admitting the resulting mixture of acids with vigorous stirring and cooling to 15% sodium hydroxide solution at temperatures up to 30 ° C,

The product contains 3% of active ingredients. Can be used as part of detergent.

Example 3

The coconut monoethanolamide is mixed with dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid in a ratio of 1 to 3 for burning the mixture, which is sulfated at a temperature below 35 ° C of 98% sulfuric acid relative to the monoethanolamide of 0.88: 1,

230 702

The reaction product was neutralized at temperatures below 20 ° C with 10% ammonia solution to pH 5.5, and then the ammonium sulfate solution was separated by settling. The neutralization is then completed by addition of additional ammonia solution to pH 7.5 and the liquid product is clarified by addition of isopropanol in a ratio of 1U to the starting monoethanolamide.

The product is suitable as a liquid cleaning product.

Example 4

The coconut fatty acid isopropanolamide is mixed with 1-dodoenesulfonic acid at a rate of 1k to a homogeneous mixture which is sulfated at a temperature of up to 30 ° C with 100% sulfuric acid at a rate of 0.85µl to isopropanolamide sequentially added to the stirred reaction mixture. After completion of the sulfation, the reaction mixture is dissolved at temperatures of 25 to 3 ° in -5% aqueous monoethanolamine.

Claims (1)

SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION 230 792 A process for the preparation of mixed surfactants based on sulfated alkylolamides of higher carboxylic acids or their salts of the general formula (1) - CONH - R ₂ - OSO 4 M wherein R 11 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkanedienyl, hydroxy alkyl or hydroxyalkenyl of 11 to 25 carbon atoms, is alkylene of 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and M is a monovalent cation of an alkali metal or hydrogen or ammonium, by ulfatting the carboxylic acid alkylolamides corresponding to the above formula, wherein the surfactants contain, in addition to the aforesaid sulfated alkylolamides, alkylaromatic sulfoacids or alkenesulfonic acids, characterized in admixed with an alkylbenzenesulfonic acid having an alkyl of 4 to 30, preferably 8 to 18, carbon atoms or an alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid having an alkyl of 2 to 3θ, preferably 3 to 5, carbon atoms or a 1-alkenesulfonic acid of 6 to 30, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms or mixtures of these sulfo acids, whereupon the resulting homogeneous mixture is sulphated with concentrated sulfuric acid in a ratio of 1: 0.7 to 1.3 by weight of alkylolamides to sulfuric acid at 10 to 60 ° C, preferably 25 to 35 ° C .