CS230271B1

CS230271B1 - Auxiliary shaft rotation mechanism for gearboxes

Info

Publication number: CS230271B1
Application number: CS289682A
Authority: CS
Inventors: Jan Plesnivy; Viktor Hladky; Viliam Dusatko
Original assignee: Jan Plesnivy; Viktor Hladky; Viliam Dusatko
Priority date: 1982-04-23
Filing date: 1982-04-23
Publication date: 1984-08-13

Description

Vynález sa týká zariadenia instalovaného na vstupnom a výstupnom hriadeli převodovky, ktoré zabezpečuje pomalé pootáčanie hriadelov převodovky za účelom ulahčenia ručného radenia jednotlivých převodových stupňov.The invention relates to a device installed on an input and output shaft of a gearbox which provides a slow rotation of the gearbox shafts in order to facilitate manual gear shifting.

Je známe, že pri radení jednotlivých převodových stupňov pomocou presuvných ozubených kolies dochádza k čelnému styku zubov, ktorý zamedzuje ďalšiemu pohybu presuvného kolesa a tým aj zaradenie příslušného převodového stupňa. Na odstránenie tohoto nedostatku existuje viacero zariadení, činnosťou ktorých sú uvádzané hriadele do pomalého otáčania, ktoré zamedzí statickému styku čiel zubov ozubených kolies pri radení stupňov v převodových sústavách obrábacích strojov.It is known that when shifting individual gears by means of sliding gears, there is a frontal contact of the teeth, which prevents further movement of the sliding wheel and thus the shift of the respective gear. In order to overcome this drawback, there are a number of devices whose actions are to drive the shafts into slow rotation which prevent static contact of the gear teeth in the gear shifting of the machine tools.

Najrozšírenejším sposobom uvádzania hriadelov převodovky do pohybu pri ručnom radení převodových stupňov je pootáčanie vřetena počas presúvania ozubených kolies radiacou pákou. Nevýhodou tohoto spósobu radenia je predovšetkým potřeba súčasného vykonávania dvoch pracovných úkonov, čo si vyžaduje jednak stratové časy a jednak pootáčanie vřetena je značné namáhavé pre obsluhu stroja, najma pri rozměrných a ťažkých obrábacích strojoch.The most widespread way of moving the transmission shafts in manual gear shifting is to rotate the spindle while shifting the gearwheels. The disadvantage of this method of shifting is, above all, the need to perform two work simultaneously, which requires both loss-making times and, on the other hand, the rotation of the spindle is very strenuous for the operator of the machine, especially for bulky and heavy machine tools.

Iné je riešenie, v ktorom sú hriadele pre230271 vodovky uvádzané do pohybu krátkodobým zopnutím mechanickej spojky negativným javom tohoto radenia je, že spojka sa nechává prekízovať, čo značné znižuje životnost spojkových obložení. Dochádza jednak k materiálovým stratám a jednak k časovým prestojom strojov vplyvom častého vymieňania spojkových obložení.Another is the solution in which the shafts for the 230271 watercolors are actuated by briefly engaging the mechanical clutch by the negative effect of this shifting is that the clutch is allowed to cross, which greatly reduces the life of the clutch linings. There are both material losses and machine downtime due to frequent clutch lining replacement.

Známe je tiež přídavné zariadenie převodovky pozostávajúce z elektromotore a hydraulíckej trecej spojky pripojenej čelusťami k vstupnému hriadelu převodovky. Pri vypnutom hlavnom pohone převodovky sa počas radenia převodových stupňov uvedie do činnosti pomocný elektromotor, ktorý prostredníctvom závitového převodu otáča hydraulickou spojkou. Hydraulický prostriedok pevne přitlačí čeluste spojky k vstupnému hriadelu převodovky, čím sa vytvoří pevne spojená sústava pomocný elektromotor — — spojka — převodovka a zabezpečí sa pomalé otáčanie hriadelov převodovky. Nevýhodou tohoto zariadenia je jeho poměrně velká hmotnost, náročnost na konštrukčný priestor a tiež nutnost, aby stroj, na ktorom je zariadenie instalované, bol vybavený hydraulickým agregátom.Also known is an auxiliary transmission device comprising an electric motor and a hydraulic friction clutch connected by jaws to the transmission input shaft. When the main gearbox is switched off, an auxiliary electric motor is actuated during the gear shifting, which rotates the hydraulic clutch by means of a threaded transmission. The hydraulic means presses the clutch jaws firmly against the transmission input shaft to form a rigidly coupled auxiliary electric - clutch - transmission assembly and ensures a slow rotation of the transmission shafts. The disadvantage of this device is its relatively high weight, demands on construction space and also the necessity that the machine on which the device is installed is equipped with a hydraulic power unit.

Nedostatky súčasného stavu odstraňuje mechanizmus pomocného pootáčania hriadelov, prevodovej sústavy podlá vynálezu, ktorého podstata spočívá v tom, že na vstupnom hriadeli převodovky je uložený pastorok, ktorý v stálom zabere je s kotúčom, otočné uloženým na výkyvnom ramene, ktorého stredom otáčania je os vstupného hriadela, pričom kotúč má na svojom osadení obvodové vybranie, do ktorého zasahuje vonkajším priemerom trecie koleso pevne uchýlené na výstupnom hriadeli, ktoré je v stálom spojení s remenicou vreteníka.The shortcomings of the current state are eliminated by the mechanism of auxiliary rotation of the shafts, according to the invention, which is based on the fact that the pinion is mounted on the input shaft of the gearbox. wherein the disc has a circumferential recess on its shoulder into which the outer diameter of the friction wheel is fixedly fixed on the output shaft, which is in permanent connection with the pulley of the headstock.

Výhody mechanizmu pomocného pootáčania hriadelov převodovky podlá vynálezu spočívajú predovšetkým v ulahčení radenia převodových stupňov, čím sa zníži námaha obsluhy a skrátia prestoje stroja. Mechanizmus je konstruovaný jednoducho a k svojej pracovnej činnosti nepotřebuje další pohon a dalšie zložité pomocné agregáty, čo v podstatnej miere ovplyvňuje ekonomickú prevádzku a zriadovacie náklady stroja. Pomalé otáčanie výstupného hriadela převodovky umožňuje bezproblémové radenie převodových stupňov v prevodovke, vo vřeteníku a v závitovej skrini, nakolko tieto sú s výstupným hriadelom kinematicky přepojené.The advantages of the auxiliary rotation mechanism of the transmission shafts according to the invention are, in particular, the ease of shifting the gears, thereby reducing operator strain and reducing machine downtime. The mechanism is designed simply and does not need additional drive and other complex auxiliary units for its operation, which significantly affects the economic operation and setup costs of the machine. Slow rotation of the gearbox output shaft allows for smooth gear shifting in the gearbox, in the headstock and in the threaded housing, since these are kinematically coupled to the output shaft.

Třecí převod medzi třecím kolesom a kotúčom je oproti ozubenému převodu menej hlučný a nevzniká možnost poškodenia zubov pri vzájomnom radiálnom prisúvaní počas ich otáčania.The friction gearing between the friction wheel and the disc is less noisy compared to the gearing and there is no possibility of damaging the teeth by radially pushing each other during their rotation.

Na výkrese je příkladné schematické zobrazenie mechanizmu pomocného pootáčania hriadelov převodovky, kde na obr. 1 je znázorněný mechanizmus v nárysnej rovině, obr. 2 znázorňuje rez mechanizmom rovinou prechádzajúcou vybráním kotúča a třecím kolesom a kolmou na rovinu nárysnú.In the drawing, an exemplary schematic illustration of the auxiliary rotation mechanism of the transmission shafts is shown in FIG. 1 is a front view of the mechanism; FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the mechanism through a plane passing through the recess of the disc and the friction wheel and perpendicular to the elevation plane.

Vstupný hriadel 3 (neustále sa otáčajúci hriadel) převodovky 13 opatřený zapínacími spojkami (nezakreslené) je poháňaný elektromotorom 1, s ktorým je spojený remeňovým prevodom 2. Na konci vstupného hriadela 3 je uchytený pastorok 4, ktorý je v stálom zábere s kotúčom 5 uloženým na volnom konci výkyvného ramena B. Výkyvné rameno 6 je otočné uložené na skrini převodovky 13 tak, že stredom jeho otáčtnia je os vstupného hriadela 3. Kotúč 5 má na svojom osadení po obvode vyhotovené vybrania 14, do ktorého zasahuje vonkajším priemerom trecie koleso 7 pevne spojené s výstupným hriadelom 9 převodovky 13, pričom trecie koleso 7 je přepojené stálým převodovým pomerom s remenicou 8 vreteníkaThe input shaft 3 (continuously rotating shaft) of the gearbox 13 provided with closing clutches (not shown) is driven by an electric motor 1 with which it is connected by a belt transmission 2. At the end of the input shaft 3 a pinion 4 is engaged. the free end of the pivot arm B. The pivot arm 6 is rotatably mounted on the gearbox housing 13 such that the center of its rotation is the axis of the input shaft 3. The disc 5 has a recess 14 on its shoulder circumferentially into which the friction wheel 7 engages. with the output shaft 9 of the gearbox 13, the friction wheel 7 being connected in a constant ratio with the pulley 8 of the headstock

12. Výkyvné rameno B je opatřené vratnou pružinou 10 uchytenou druhým koncom k pevnému bodu stroja. Pohyb výkyvného ramena 6 zabezpečuje tažné zariadenie, například bovden 11 připojený cez pákový mechanizmus k nožnému spínačů (nezakreslený).12. The swing arm B is provided with a return spring 10 attached to the fixed point of the machine by the other end. The movement of the swing arm 6 is provided by a towing device, for example a cable 11 connected via a lever mechanism to a foot switch (not shown).

V prevádzke počas radenia převodových stupňov v prevodovke 13 sú otáčky elektromotora 1 prenášané na vstupný hriadel 3 sú v rozopnutej polohe a tým aj všetky hriadele převodovky 13 sú v kíudovej polohe. Z pastorka 4 sa prenášajú otáčky prevodom do pomala na kotúč 5. Bovdenom 11 sa pritiahne výkyvné rameno B smerom k treciemu kolesu 7 tak, že trecie koleso 7 sa dostane prostredníctvom vybrania 14 do záběru s kotúčom 5. Otáčavý pohyb trecieho kolesa 7 je prenášaný jednak na výstupný hriadel 9 a jednak na remenicu 8 vreteníka 12. Pomalé otáčky výstupného hriadela 9 umožňujú zařadit zvolený převodový stupeň v prevodovke 13, vreteníka 12 a v závitovej skrini (nezakreslena). Spatný pohyb výkyvného ramena 6 zabezpečuje po uvolnění bovdenu 11 vratná pružina 10. Kotúč 5 sa odsunie zo záběru s třecím kolesom 7 a výstupný hriadel 9 zostane v klude.In operation during gear shifting in the gearbox 13, the speed of the electric motor 1 is transmitted to the input shaft 3 in the open position and thus all the shafts of the gearbox 13 are in the rest position. From the pinion 4, the speed is transmitted by slow transmission to the disc 5. The pivot arm B is pulled towards the friction wheel 7 by the cable 11 so that the friction wheel 7 engages the disc 5 via the recess 14. The rotational movement of the friction wheel 7 is transmitted on the output shaft 9 and on the pulley 8 of the headstock 12. The slow speed of the output shaft 9 makes it possible to select the selected gear in the gearbox 13, the headstock 12 and the threaded housing (not shown). The return spring 10 ensures the return movement of the swivel arm 6 when the cable 11 is released. The disc 5 is disengaged from the friction wheel 7 and the output shaft 9 remains at rest.

Do pracovnej činnosti sa převodovka 13 uvedie zapnutím zapínacích spojok na vstupnom hriadeli 3.The transmission 13 is put into operation by switching on the clutches on the input shaft 3.

Mechanizmus pomocného pootáčania hriadelov prevodovej sústavy je využitelný v převodovkách obrábacích strojov, najmá v převodovkách mechanických sústruhov.The auxiliary rotation mechanism of the transmission system shafts is useful in machine tool transmissions, especially in mechanical lathes.

Claims

230271, wherein the input shaft of the gearbox accommodates a plug which is permanently engaged with a disk rotatably mounted on a pivoted arm, the center of rotation of which is the axis of the input shaft, the disk having on its planting a circumferential recess into which it engages the outer diameter of the friction wheel on the output shaft, which is in permanent communication with the spindle pulley. The advantages of the mechanism of auxiliary rotation of the transmission shafts according to the invention are predominantly facilitated by the gear shifting, thereby reducing the effort and reducing machine downtime. The mechanism is simple to design and does not require additional complicated auxiliary aggregates for its operation, which significantly affects the economic and operational costs of the machine. The slight rotation of the output shaft of the gearbox enables smooth gear shifting in the gearbox, in the spindle and in the threaded housing, since these axes are kinematically coupled to the output shaft. The frictional transmission between the friction wheel and the wheel is less noise compared to the toothed transmission and there is no possibility of damage to the teeth in the case of radial movement relative to each other during their rotation. FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the auxiliary rotation mechanism of the transmission shafts, wherein in FIG.

2 shows a cross-section through a mechanism extending through the disc recess and a friction wheel and perpendicular to the plane of the plane. The input shaft 3 (of the continuously rotating shaft) of the transmission 13 provided with the engaging couplings (not shown is driven by an electric motor 1 with which it is connected by a belt transmission 2. A pinion 4 is attached at the end of the input shaft 3 and engages the disk 5 is mounted on the free end of the swinging arm B. The swinging arm 6 is rotatably mounted on the casing-gear 13 so that the axis of the input shaft is centered on it.

3. The disc 3 has a circumferentially circumferentially mounted recess 14 into which the friction wheel 7, fixedly connected by the gearbox output shaft 9, extends through the outer diameter, the friction wheel 7 being coupled by a constant transmission ratio to the spindle pulley 8. The swinging arm B is provided with a return member 10 attached to the second end of the machine fixed point. The movement of the swinging arm 6 is ensured by a towing device, for example, a cable 11 connected via a lever mechanism to the foot switch (not shown. In operation during gear shift shifting in gear 13, the speed of the electric motor 1 is transmitted to the input shaft 3 is open The pinion 4 transmits the rotational speed to the disc 3. The bowden cable 11 pulls the pivot arm B towards the third wheel 7 so that the friction wheel 7 is brought into the wheel. it remains through the recess 14 into engagement with the disc 5. The rotational movement of the friction wheel 7 is transmitted both to the output shaft 9 and to the pulley B of the spindle 12. The slow speed of the output shaft 9 makes it possible to engage the selected gear in the transmission 13, the spindle 12 and the threaded slot (not shown. The damp movement of the pivoting arm 6 provides a return spring 10 when the knob 11 is released) 3 is disengaged from the friction wheel 7 and the output shaft 9 remains in motion The transmission 13 is brought into operation by engaging the clutch engagement shafts 3. The auxiliary swivel mechanism of the transmission system shafts can be used in machine tool transmissions, especially in mechanical lathe transmissions . SUBJECT Mechanism of the auxiliary swivel of the transmission shafts characterized by a pinion (4) mounted on the input shaft (3) of the transmission (13), which is permanently engaged with the disk (5j rotatably mounted on the swinging arm (6)). the center of rotation is the axis of the input shaft (3), wherein the disk (5) is provided with a recess (14) into which the friction wheel (7) fixed to the output shaft (9) engages with the outer diameter and which is permanently engaged with pulley (8) 1 sheet of drawings